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Development of Alcohol-Based Synthetic Transportation Fuels From Coal-Derived Synthesis Gases.
Final Technical Report, September 1979-July 1982 - 1982

Chem Systems, Inc.

Table of Contents 208kb

Section 1
543kb

I

 Abstract 1

II

 Executive Summary 2
 

A

 Summary of Accomplishments 2

B

 Conclusions 3

C

 Recommendations 5

III

 Background and Program Description 8

IV

 Experimental Apparatus and Procedures 12
 

A

 Plug-Flow, Vapor-Phase Reaction System 12

B

 Berty Gradientless Reaction System 15

C

 Slurry-Phase Autoclave Reaction System 18

D

 Analytical Procedures 19
Section 2
575kb

E

 Catalyst Activation Procedures 28

V

 Discussion of Results of Catalyst Formulation & Screening Studies (Task 1) 31
 

A

 Literature Review 31
 

1

 Review of Early Catalyst Development 31

2

 Recent Literature Review 33

3

 Review of Chemical Mechanisms 39

4

 Schulz-Flory Distribution 45

5

 Other Considerations 49

B

 Catalyst Preparation Procedures 50
 

1

 Classification of Catalyst Types 50

2

 Preparation Methods 50
 

a

 Evaporation 50
Section 3
521kb

b

 Coprecipitation 53

c

 Impregnation 62

d

 Detergent Dispersion 62

e

 Cobalt Carbonyl Impregnation 65

f

 Mechanical Blending 65

g

 Proprietary Catalysts 67

C

 Experimental Results 67
 

1

 Calculation Procedures 67

2

 Detailed Run Summaries 73

D

 Analysis of Results 73
 

1

 Overview 73

2

 Screening Studies Using Proprietary Catalysts 74
Section 4
600kb

3

 Screening Studies With In-House Formulations 81

VI

 Discussion of Results of Process Variables Studies 95
 

A

 Overview 95

B

 Process Variables Studies in Vapor-Phase Reactor Systems 96
 

1

 UCI L-1122 Catalyst 98
Section 5
2428kb		  

a

 Analysis of 292 Hour Campaign With Freshly Reduced Catalyst 114

b

 Analysis of Second Campaign With Re-reduced Catalyst 131

2

 UCI L-1123 Catalyst 139
Section 6
2018kb

3

 UCI L-1124 Catalyst 150

C

 Process Variables Studies in Slurry-Phase Reactor Systems 163
 

1

 Tests With n-Heptadecane Slurry-Oil 164
Section 7
1417kb

2

 Tests With Witco 40 Slurry Oil 179
VII. Discussion of Results of Catalyst Performance Studies (Task 4) 197
VIII. Discussion of Results of Engineering & Economic Studies (Task 3) 199
 

A

 Overview 199

B

 Conceptual Design of an ALKANOLS For Syn Gas Plant 201
 

1

 Design Basis 201

2

 Process Description 207
Section 8
720kb

3

 Cost of Production Estimates 212

4

 Sensitivities of Process Parameters 213

5

 Comparative Economics of ALKANOLS vs. Methanol & Mobil MTG Gasoline 221

C

 Utilization of ALKANOLS as Gasoline Blending Stocks 235
 

1

 Properties of ALKANOLS Fuels 228

2

 Economics of Use of ALKANOLS as Gasoline Blending Stocks 235
Section 9
96kb

IX

 Invention Disclosures 242

X

 Technical Papers 243

XI

 References 244

XII

 Acknowledgments 249
XIII. Appendix 251
 

A

 Catalyst Classification of Catalyst Compositions 251
Section 10
1742kb

B

 Computerized Run Sheets For Catalysts Screening Studies