A Study of Industrial Hydrogen and Syngas Supply Systems

Section 1 979kb	1.0	Summary				1
	2.0	Introduction				11
		2.1	Objective			11
		2.2	JPL Energy Scenario			11
		2.3	Basic Assumptions			12
	3.0	Task I Economic Assessment				14
		3.1	Future Chemical Industry H₂/CO/Syngas Capacity Requirements 1978-1987			14
			3.1.1	Major Requirements Plants		18
				3.1.1.1	Ammonia	18
				3.1.1.2	Methanol	19
				3.1.1.3	Benzene	22
				3.1.1.4	Ethanol	25
Section 2 646kb			3.1.2	Oxo Alcohols		27
				3.1.2.1	Solvent Alcohols	27
				3.1.2.2	Plasticizer Alcohols	28
				3.1.2.3	Detergent Alcohols	28
			3.1.3	Polyurethanes and Aniline		34
				3.1.3.1	MDI	34
				3.1.3.2	TDI	35
				3.1.3.3	Aniline	38
				3.1.3.4	Supply/Demand Balances and H₂/CO Requirements	39
			3.1.4	Fibers		41
				3.1.4.1	General Overview of U.S. Fibers Markets	41
					3.1.4.1.1 U.S. Fiber Consumption	43
					3.1.4.1.2 Summary of Statistical Data	46
				3.1.4.2	Ethylene Glycol	47
Section 3 682kb				3.1.4.3	DMT/TPA	51
					3.1.4.3.1 Markets	51
					3.1.4.3.2 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Film	51
					3.1.4.3.3 Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) Resins	52
					3.1.4.3.4 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Barrier Resins	52
					3.1.4.3.5 Supply/Demand Balances	53
				3.1.4.4	Acetic Anhydride	55
					3.1.4.4.1 Markets and Supply/Demand Balance	55
				3.1.4.5	Hexamethylenediamine, Adipic Acid and Cyclohexane	55
					3.1.4.5.1 HMDA	55
					3.1.4.5.2 Adipic Acid/Caprolactam	57
			3.1.5	Other Chemicals		59
				3.1.5.1	Acetic Acid	59
				3.1.5.2	Pesticides	61
					3.1.5.2.1 Insecticides	61
					3.1.5.2.2 Herbicides	61
					3.1.5.2.3 Fungicides and Fumigants	64
					3.1.5.2.4 Projected CO Requirements	64
				3.1.5.3	Polycarbonates	64
				3.1.5.4	Hydrogen Peroxide	67
				3.1.5.5	Butanediol	69
				3.1.5.6	Specialty Chemicals	69
					3.1.5.6.1 Specific Chemicals	71
					3.1.5.6.2 H₂/CO Requirements	74
			3.1.6	Electrolytic Hydrogen Potential		74
Section 4 801kb		3.2	Future Chemical Industry H₂/CO/Syngas Capacity Requirements, 1988-2000			75
			3.2.1	Major Requirements Plants		77
			3.2.2	Oxo Alcohols		78
			3.2.3	Polyurethanes		78
			3.2.4	Fibers		78
			3.2.5	Other Chemicals		79
		3.3	Economic Comparison of H₂ and Syngas Production Costs using Coal Gasification Technology vs. Existing Production Methods			80
			3.3.1	Methodology		81
				3.3.1.1	Capital Cost Estimates	81
				3.3.1.2	Major Operating Cost Estimates	84
			3.3.2	Discussion of Results		85
				3.3.2.1	Results for H₂ and Syngas Production	86
				3.3.2.2	Pressurized vs. Atmospheric Gasification	97
				3.3.2.3	Evaluation of Co-Producing Fuel and Syngas	97
			3.3.3	Discussion of Revised Energy Scenario Sensitivity Cases		97
Section 5 668kb				3.3.3.1	Results for H₂ and Syngas Production Using Revised Energy Scenario	102
				3.3.3.2	Revised Scenario Results for Pressurized vs. Atmospheric Gasification	113
				3.3.3.3	Revised Scenario Results for Co-Producing Fuel and Syngas	113
	4.0	Task II Analysis of Technical/Non-Technical Problem Areas				116
		4.1	Analysis of Potential R&D Impact			116
			4.1.1	Analysis of Potential R&D Impact Under Original Energy Scenario		116
			4.1.2	Analysis of Potential R&D Impact Under Revised Energy Scenario		121
Section 6 912kb		4.2	Analysis of Institutional Barriers			126
			4.2.1	Financing Considerations		126
			4.2.2	Technology and Cost Risk Factors In Coal Gasification		127
			4.2.3	Financing Techniques		128
		4.3	Analysis of Regulatory Barriers Affecting Coal Gasification			133
			4.3.1	Impact of State Implementation Plan Delays on Commercial Potential		133
			4.3.2	Regulatory Barriers Affecting Coal Directly: Transporting/Mining		134
			4.3.3	Impact of Future Oil and Gas Regulatory Pricing Uncertainty		136
		4.4	Estimate of Government Incentives to Make Coal Gasification Competitive and Recommended Actions to Stimulate Coal Gasification System Development			138
			4.4.1	Financial Incentives		138
			4.4.2	Recommended Options to Stimulate Coal Gasification System Development		141
			4.4.3	Regulatory Actions		143
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