0.

Summary and Outlook

2

1.

Introduction – The Environmental Relevance of Diesel Engine Emissions

4

1.1

Regulated Exhaust Gas Components

5

1.1.1

Hydrocarbons (HC)

5

1.1.2

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

1.1.3

Nitrogen Oxides (NO_x)

6

1.1.4

Particulate Matter (PM)

7

1.2

Non-Regulated Exhaust Gas Components

9

1.2.1

Number of Particles and Particle Size Distribution

9

1.2.2

Mutagenicity of the Organically Soluble Particle Fraction

10

2.

Materials and Methods

11

2.1

Engine and Engine Testing Conditions

11

2.2

Fuels

13

2.3

Analytical Methods for Regulated Exhaust Gas Emissions

13

2.3.1

Hydrocarbons

14

2.3.2

Carbon Monoxide

14

2.3.3

Nitrogen Oxides

14

2.3.4

Particle Mass

14

2.4

Analysis Methods for Non-regulated Exhaust Gas Emissions

16

2.4.1

Number of Particles and Particle Size Distribution

16

2.4.2

Mutagenicity of the Organically Soluble Particle Fraction

19

3.

Results

20

3.1

Results for the Regulated Exhaust Gas Components

20

3.1.1

Hydrocarbon Emissions

20

3.1.2

Carbon Monoxide Emissions

21

3.1.3

Nitrogen Oxides Emissions

22

3.1.4

Particulate Matter Emissions

24

3.2

Results of the Non-Regulated Exhaust Gas Components

24

3.2.1

Number of Particles and Particle Size Distribution

24

3.2.2

Mutagenicity of the Organically Soluble Particle Fraction

28

References

31

4.

Appendix

35

A.1

Fuel Analyses

35

A.2

Exemplary Courses of Other Variables

38