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Assessment of Research Needs for Coal Utilization - August 1983

S. S. Penner

University of California, San Diego

In the pdf format this document has 175 pages and is 8.08MB.

Appendix B - Pages 1-95 4.83MB.

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Appendix B - Pages 384-479 5.26MB.

Table of Contents

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS x
LIST OF TABLES xii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xiv
NOMENCLATURE xvii
 
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO COAL COMBUSTION AND APPLICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES 1

1.1

 Direct Coal Utilization in Pulverized-Coal Combustors (PCCs) 2
 

1.1A

 DOE Supporting Research 4

1.1B

 Costs for Large Coal-Fired, Nuclear and Oil-Fired Power Plants 4

1.1C

 Market Penetration 12

1.1D

 Relations Between Coal Quality, Boiler Availability and Power Costs 12

1.1E

 Some New Commercial Designs 13

1.1F

 Coal Preparation and On-Site Coal Handling for PCCs 15

1.1G

 Research on Coal Combustion 16

1.2

 Coal Slurries 17
 

1.2A

 COM 17

1.2B

 CWM 19

1.2C

 CMM 20

1.2D

 Market Penetration of Coal Slurries 20

1.2E

 Combustion R&D Status of COM 21

1.2F

 Combustion R&D Status of CWM 27

1.2G

 Cost Analysis of the Application of Coal-Water Mixtures (CWM) to Gas-Turbine Firing 32

1.3

 Atmospheric-Pressure Fluidized-Bed Combustors (AFBCs) 34
 

1.3A

 Commercial and Prototype Development of AFBCs 34

1.3B

 Preliminary Identification of R&D Needs 44

1.4

 Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustors (PFBCs) 47
 

1.4A

 Past and Current Developments 47

1.4B

 R&D Recommendations on PFBCs 50

1.5

 Advanced (Developing) Coal-Combustor Designs and Coal-Combustion Applications 51
 

1.5A

 The Battelle Multisolids Fluidized Bed Combustor (MSFBC) 52

1.5B

 Slagging Combustors 52

1.5C

 Gas-Turbine Applications 56

1.5D

 Integrated Coal Gasification 57

1.6

 Coal Quality and Clean-up 60
 

1.6A

 Analyses and Diagnostics 60

1.6B

 Coal Benefication 61

1.7

 Fouling and Slagging 63

1.8

 Coal-Plant safety, Flammability Coal-Dust-Air Mixtures 73
 

1.8A

 Oxidation and Heating of Coals 74

1.8B

 Flammability of Coal-Dust-Air Mixtures 76

1.9

 Environmental Concerns, Regulations and Studies 77
 

1.9A

 The EPRI Program 79

1.9B

 Particulate Clean-Up 79

1.9C

 Novel Developing Control Technologies 79
References 88
 
CHAPTER 2: R&D RECOMMENDATIONS RELATING TO DIRECT COAL UTILIZATION 93

2.1

 Costing and Commercialization 94
 

2.1.1

 Overview 94

2.1.2

 Research Recommendations 95

2.2

 Coal Preparation 96
 

2.2.1

 Overview 96

2.2.2

 Research Recommendations 98

2.3

 Safety in Coal Utilization, Comminution and Feeding 100
 

2.3.1

 Overview 100

2.3.2

 Research Recommendations 105

2.4

 Fouling and Slagging 106
 

2.4.1

 Overview 106

2.4.2

 Near-Term Research Recommendations 108

2.4.3

 Long-Term Research Recommendations 108

2.5

 PC Boilers 110
 

2.5.1

 Overview 110

2.5.2

 Research Recommendations 110

2.6

 Atmospheric Fluidized Bed (AFB) Combustion 111
 

2.6.1

 Overview 111

2.6.2

 Research Recommendations 112

2.7

 Advanced Atmospheric and Pressurized Fluidized Bed (PFB) Combustion 115
 

2.7.1

 Overview 115

2.7.2

 Research Recommendations 115

2.8

 Coal-Oil Mixtures (COM) 116
 

2.8.1

 Overview 116

2.8.2

 Research Recommendations 115

2.9

 Coal-Water Mixtures (CWM) 122
 

2.9.1

 Overview 122

2.9.2

 Research Recommendations 127

2.10

 Status and Needs for Mathematical Modeling of Coal-Combustion Processes 132
 

2.10.1

 Overview 132

2.10.2

 Research Recommendations 139

2.11

 Environmental Issues 142
 

2.11.1

 Overview 142

2.11.2

 Research Recommendations 143

2.12

 Utility Perspectives 147
 

2.12.1

 Overview 147

2.12.2

 Research Recommendations 150
 
APPENDIX A: STATEMENT OF WORK 153
APPENDIX B: SELECTED REPORTS OF SITE VISITS, CONFERENCES AND DISCUSSIONS AB-1

AB-1

 CCAWG Site Visit and DIscussion at PETC (March 19, 1982) AB-2
  Attachment I: CCAWG PETC Combustion Program Review AB-3
Attachment II: CCAWG Work Plan AB-5

AB-2

 CCAWG Discussions at La Jolla (May 27 and 28, 1982) AB-7
  Appendix I: Status of Coal-Liquid Mixture Fuels Development by R. Kurtzrock (PETC) AB-32
Appendix II: Viewgraphs by R. Manfred (EPRI) AB-42
Appendix III: Article by J. M. Beer and Associates on a Detailed Combustion characterization Study Under Way at the MIT Combustion Research Facility AB-63

AB-3

 CCAWG Meeting at Combustion Engineering (CE), Windsor, Connecticut (June 23, 1982) AB-107

AB-4

 CCAWG Meeting at the Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC), Morgantown, West Virginia (July 15, 1982) AB-148

AB-5

 Report of Site Visit to the General Electric Company, Corporate Research and Development - Studies on Coal Combustion and Utilization (August 5, 1982) AB-170

AB-6

 Discussions at the Avco-Everett Research Laboratory of (a) The E-Beam Scrubber and (b) Slagging Combustors (August 6, 1982) AB-175

AB-7

 Comments on Pressurized (PFBC) and Atmospheric (AFBC) Fluidized-Bed Combustors (August 1982) AB-198

AB-8

 CCAWG Meeting at the Babcock and Wilcox Research Center,
1562 Beeson Street,
Alliance, Ohio 44601 (October 18, 1982)		 AB-201
  Appendix AB-8-1: Coal Combustion at Battelle AB-205
Appendix AB-8-2: Viewgraphs on Coal Related Studies at B&W by C.L. Wagoner and G. Michaud AB-223
Appendix AB-8-3: "The Second-Generation Laboratory Ashing Furnace," by C. L. Wagoner (FW) AB-237
Appendix AB-8-4: "Preliminary Observations on the Influence on Fireside Deposition of Ion-Exchangeable Calcium in Coal," by C. L. Wagoner and G. Haider (B&W) AB-246

AB-9

 CCAWG Meeting at Foster Wheeler Corporation, John Blizzard Research Center, 12 Peach Tress Hill Road, Livingston, New Jersey 07039 (December 9, 1982) AB-259
  Appendix AB-9-1: Overview of PFB Developments by A. Robertson (FWDC) AB-263
Appendix AB-9-2: Presentation on Curtiss-Wright Pressurized Fluidized Bed Pilot Plant by S. Moskowitz (C-W) AB-296
Appendix AB-9-3: Presentation on Pressurized Fluidized Coal Combustion Program at New York University by V. Zakkay (NYU) AB-334
Appendix AB-9-4: Goals of the Battelle MSFB Program by H. Nack (Battelle) AB-353
Appendix AB-9-5: "Industrial Fluidized Bed Cogeneration System at the Shell Nederland Raffinaderij Europoort Tank Farm," by W. R. Kelley, J. M. Rourke, and S. R. moore (FW) AB-368
Appendix AB-9-6: "Coal Benefication - The Cinderella Technology," by S. P. N. Singh, J. C. Moyers, and K. R. Carr (ORNL) AB-378
Appendix AB-9-7: "Coal-Methanol Slurry," by D. Bienstock (PETC) AB-414

AB-10

 Discussions on Coal Research at TRW (December 13, 1982) AB-429
  Appendix AB-10-1: "Precombustion Extraction of 90% of the Sulfur and 95% of the Mineral Matter from Coal," by R. A. Meyers, W. D. Hart, and L. C. McClanathan (TRW) AB-431
Appendix AB-10-2: "TRW's Entrained Slagging Coal Combustor," by J. C. Stansel and R. B. Gerding (TRW) AB-433

AB-11

 Studies on Coal Utilization at the Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (EER), 18 Mason, Irvine California 92714 (January 1983) AB-454

AB-12

 CCAWG Meeting at EPRI (February 1, 1983) AB-458
  Appendix AB-12-1: EPRI Coal Combustion and Applications Overview by K. Yeager (EPRI) AB-462