Return to Literature Reference Table of Contents

 

Literature References W, X, Y, Z

 

W

X

Y

Z

 

W

Wach, I. E., Gibson, A. G., "Converting natural gas waste gases to value-added products", ACS Div. Petrol. Chem. Prepr., 49(3), 2004, pp. 333-336.

 

Wachi, S., Jones, A. G., Elson, T. P., "Flow Dynamics In A Draft-Tube Bubble Column Using Various Liquids", Chem. Eng. Sci., 46, 1991, pp. 657-663.

 

Wachi, S., Morikawa, H., Ueyama, K., "Gas holdup and axial dispersion in gas-liquid concurrent bubble columns", J. Chem. Eng. Japan, 20, 1987, p. 309.

 

Wachs, I. E., Duyer, D. J., Iglesia, E., "Characterization of Fe, Fe-Cu, and Fe-Ag Fischer-Tropsch catalysts", Appl. Catal., 12, 1984, pp. 201-217.

 

Wachsmann, U., Rabiger, N., Vogelpohl, A., “Effect of reactor geometry on hydrodynamics and mass transfer in the compact reactor”, German Chem. Eng., 8, 1985, pp. 411-418.

 

Wachsmann, U., Rabiger, N., Vogelpohl, A., “Einfluß der Geometrie auf die Hydrodynamik eines mit einem Dreiphasen-System betriebenen Schlaufenreaktors”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 58(2), 1986, pp. 140-141.

 

Wachsmann, U., Rabiger, N., Vogelpohl, A., “The compact reactor – a newly developed loop reactor with a high mass transfer performance”, German Chem. Eng., 7, 1984, pp. 39-44.

 

Wadley, R. J., “Studies of a bubble column reactor system for fine chemicals production”, Thesis, University of Manchester, Great Britain, 1994.

 

Wagialla, K. M., Elnashaie, S. S. E. H., "Fluidized-bed reactor for methanol synthesis. A theoretical investigation", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 30(10), 1991, pp. 2298-2308.

 

Wagner, A. F., "Potential sensitivity of tunneling in isolated resonance unimolecular reaction theory", J. Phys. Chem., 92(26), 1988, pp. 7259-7260.

 

Wagner, H. L., Hoeve, C. A. J., “Effect of molecular weight on the refractive increment of polyethylene and n-alkanes”, J. Polymer Sci. A-2, 9(10), 1971, pp. 1763-1776.

 

Wainwright, H. W., Egleson, G. C., Brock, C. M., Fisher, J., Sands, A. E., "Selective Absorption Of Hydrogen Sulfide From Synthesis Gas", Ind. Eng. Chem., 45(6), 1953, pp. 1378-1384.

 

Wainwright, H. W., Kane, L. J., Wilson, M. W., Shale, C. C., Ratway, J., "Purification of Synthesis Gas", Ind. Eng. Chem., 48(7), 1956, pp. 1123-1133.

 

Wainwright, M. S., Anderson, R. B., "Raney nickel-copper catalysts. II. Surface and pore structures", J. Catal., 64(1), 1980, pp. 124-131.

 

Wakabayashi, K., Arakawa, H., "A catalyst for processing different coal raw material. Introduction of the catalyst into C1 chemistry", Kagaku Kyoiku, 31(6), 1983, pp. 457-460.

 

Wakui, T., Handa, T., "Selective Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis of Hydrocarbons over Ruthenium Supported on Silica having a Very Sharp Pore Size Distribution in the Micropore Region", J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 15, 1984, pp. 994-996.

 

Wales, J. L., “The use of iron catalysts in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis”, Thesis, University of Cambridge, Great Britain, 1984.

 

Walker, P. L. Jr., Rakszawski, J. F., Imperial, G. R., "Carbon Formation from Carbon Monoxide-Hydrogen Mixtures over Iron Catalysts.I. Properties of Carbon Formed", J. Phys. Chem., 63(2), 1959, pp. 133-140.

 

Walker, P. L. Jr., Rakszawski, J. F., Imperial, G. R., "Carbon Mixture over Iron Catalysts. II. Rates of Carbon Formation", J. Phys. Chem., 63(2), 1959, pp. 140-149.

 

Wall, L. A., Flynn, J. H., Straus, S., “Rates of molecular vaporization of linear alkanes”, J. Phys. Chem., 74(17), 1970, pp. 3237-3242.

 

Wallis, G. B., "The averaged Bernouli equation and macroscopic equations of motion for the potential flow of two-phase dispersion," Int., J. Multiphase Flow, 17, 1991, p. 683.

 

Wallis, G. B., Karlin, A. S., Clark, III , C. R., Bharathan, D., Hagi, Y., Richter, H. J., “Countercurrent gas-liquid flow in parallel vertical tubes”, Internat. J. Multiphase Flow, 7(1), 1981, pp. 1-19.

 

Walsh, R. N., "Effect of cobalt support interactions on the activity/selectivity of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis", Dissertation, University of Cape Town, 1999. 

 

Walter, J. F., Blanch, H. W., "Liquid Circulation patterns and their effects on gas holdup and axial mixing in bubble columns", Chem. Eng. Comm., 19, 1983, pp. 243-262.

 

Walters, S. E., “Studies In Molten Chloroaluminates; A. Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Using Metallic Dispersions. B. Infrared Spectroelectrochemistry Using Attenuated Total Reflectance”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1983.

 

Walther, M., "Zum Stoffubergan in Blasensauleng (On the mass transfer in bubble column)", Diplomarbeit, TU Berlin, 1963.

 

Wambach, J., Odorfer, G., Freund, H.-J., Kuhlenbeck, H., Neumann, M., “Influence of alkali co-adsorption on the adsorption and reaction of CO2 on Pd(111)”, Surf. Sci., 209(1-2), 1989, pp. 159-172.

 

Wambach, J., Wokaun, A., Baiker, A., “CO2 Hydrogenation over Metal/Zirconia Catalysts”, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 1, 1999, p. 5071.

 

Wan, X. H., Jung, C. H., Ando, M., Kubo, M., Takami, S., Miyamoto, A., Imamura, A., “Periodical Density Functional Study on Iron-Based Catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis”, Shokubai Toronkai Toronkai A Yokoshu, 89, 2002, p. 49.

 

Wang, C. B., Lin, H. K., Tang, C. W., "Thermal Characterization and Microstructure Change of Cobalt Oxides", Catal. Lett., 94(1-2), 2004, pp. 69-74.

 

Wang, C. J., “Study Of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Over A Silica Supported Iron Catalyst Through The Use Of Reactive Scavengers”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Texas, Austin, 1983.

 

Wang, C. J., Ekerdt, J. G., "Evidence for alkyl intermediates during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and their relation to hydrocarbon products", J. Catal., 86(2), 1984, pp. 239-244.

 

Wang, C. J., Ekerdt, J. G., "Study of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over Fe/SiO2: reactive scavenging with pyridine and cyclohexene", J. Catal., 80(1), 1983, pp. 172-187.

 

Wang, C., Bartholomew, C. H., "Preparation and Adsorption, Chemical and Catalytic Properties of Iron Boride Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts," Appl. Catal., 62, 1990, pp. 221-251.

 

Wang, C., Na, Y., Liu, S., Zhang, Y., Wang, Q., Xu, L., “Preparation of Iron Carbide Catalysts and Their Activity for CO Hydrogenation”, Chinese J. Catal., 26(7), 2005, pp. 539-541.

 

Wang, C., Wang, Q., Sun, X., Xu, L., “CO Hydrogenation to Light Alkenes Over Mn/Fe Catalysts Prepared by Coprecipitation and Sol-gel Methods”, Catal. Lett., 105(1-2), 2005, pp. 93-101.

 

Wang, C., Xu., L., Wang, Q., “Review of directly producing light olefins via CO hydrogenation”, J. Nat. Gas Chem., 12, 2003, pp. 10-16.

 

Wang, C.-Y., Li, G. H.,, Zhou, J.-L., "Kinetics of Product Distribution of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis on Fe-Mn Ultrafine Particle Catalyst", J. Fuel Chem. Tech., 28(3), 2000, p. 268.

 

Wang, D., Zeng, H., Guan, N., "Direct Conversion of Syngas into Aromatics over Bifunctional Fe/MnO-ZnZSM-5 Catalyst", Chinese J. Catal., 23(4), 2002, pp. 333-335.

 

Wang, D.-Z., Cheng, X.-P., Huang, Z.-E., Wang, X.-Z., Peng, S.-Y., "Role of rare-earth oxides and thoria as promoters in precipitated iron-based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis", Appl. Catal., 77(1), 1991, pp. 109-122.

 

Wang, G., Ching, C. Y., “Measurement of multiple gas-bubble velocities in gas-liquid flows using hot-film anemometry”, Experiments in Fluids, 31(4), 2001, pp. 428-439.

 

Wang, G., Wang, Y.-N., Yang, J., Xu, Y.-Y., Bai, L., Xiang, H.-W., Li, Y.-W., "Modeling Analysis of the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in a Stirred-Tank Slurry Reactor:, Ind. Eng.Chem. Res., 43(10), 2004, pp. 2330-2336.

 

Wang, H. T., Chen, Y. W., Godwin, J. G., "Hydrogen chemisorption suppression in Ru-zeolite catalysts", Zeolites, 4, 1984, pp. 56-60.

 

Wang, H., Hao, Q.-L., Liu, F.-X., Zhang, C.-H., Yang, Y., Tian, L., Bai, L., Xiang, H.-W., Li, Y.-W., Xu, B.-F., “Effects of Cu and K promoter on Fe-based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis”, J. Fuel Chem. Tech., 33(1), 2005, pp. 89-95.

 

Wang, H., Liu, J., Fu, J., Wan, H., Tsai, K., “Study on the mechanism of ethanol synthesis from syngas by in-situ chemical trapping and isotopic exchange reactions”, Catal. Lett., 12(1-3), 1992, pp. 87-96.

 

Wang, H., Priestman, G. H., Beck, S. B. M., Boucher, R. F., "Measurement and simulation of pressure wave attenuation in upward air-water bubbly flow", Internat. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 21(1), 2000, pp. 104-111.

 

Wang, H.,, Zhao, P., Jiang, B., Liu, W., “A pulse reactor-gas chromatographic investigation of the kinetics of catalytic CO hydrogenation”, J. Molec. Catal., 71(3), 1992, pp. 357-364.

 

Wang, H.-K., Choi, H. W., Muetterties, E. L., "Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide with dodecacarbonyltetrairidium and aluminum chloride", Inorg. Chem., 20(8), 1981, pp. 2661-2663.

 

Wang, J. F., Yang, W. G., Chen, W., Jin, Y., "Flow and backmixing behavior of the gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed", Achema, 1998, p.167.

 

Wang, J., "A Dispersion Model for Gas-liquid Reactors Based on the Film Theory", Chem. Tech., 47, 1995, pp. 85-88. 

 

Wang, J., "A Dispersion Model of 3-Phase Reactors with Chemical-Reaction of Any Given Order", Chem. Tech., 48(3), 1996, pp. 166-170.

 

Wang, J., "A Flowing Model for Gas-liquid Reactors Based on the Film Theory", Heat Mass Transfer, 30, 1995, pp. 237-240.

 

Wang, J., "A Mathematical Model of Three-phase Reactors with Chemical Reaction of Any Order", Chem. Tech., 47, 1995, pp. 302-305.

 

Wang, J., "Design Model of Gas-liquid Semibatch Reactors Based on the Film Theory", Heat Mass Transfer, 30, 1995, pp. 143-147.

 

Wang, J., "Design Models for Gas-liquid Reactors Based on the Film Theory: I Gas and liquid phases completely mixed", Chem. Tech., 46, 1994, pp. 285-288.

 

Wang, J., "Design Models for Gas-liquid Reactors Based on the Film Theory: II Gas phase in plug flow and liquid phase completely mixed", Chem. Tech., 46, 1994, pp. 340-343.

 

Wang, J., "Flow Reactor Models for Gas-Liquid Reactions Based on the Penetration Theory", Heat Mass Transfer, 30, 1995, pp. 447-454.

 

Wang, J., "Physical, Chemical, And Catalytic Properties Of Borided Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts", Ph.D. Thesis, Brigham Young University, 1987.

 

Wang, J., Bartholomew, C. H., "Preparation and Activity/Selectivity Properties of Borided Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts," in "Proceedings, 9th International Congress on Catalysis", (M. J. Phillips, M. Ternan, eds.), Chemical Institute of Canada, Ottawa, 1988, Vol. 2, p. 813.

 

Wang, J., Bindal, A., Leib, T. M., Khinast, J. G., “Analysis of the complex nonlinear behavior of reacting bubble flows: steady-state multiplicity”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 59(22-23), 2004, pp. 5575-5585.

 

Wang, J., Han, S., Wei, F., Yu, Z., Jin, Y., "An axial dispersion model for gas liquid reactors based on the penetration theory", Chem. Eng. Proc., 36, 1997, pp. 291-299.

 

Wang, J., Mao, Y., Liu, Y., Cao, R., Jiang, H., Zhong, A., “Effect of gas distributor configuration on gas holdup distribution in loop reactor”, J. Chem. Ind. Eng., 56(1), 2005, pp. 58-63.

 

Wang, J., Oukaci, R., Wender, I., Blackmond, D. G., “Alcohol Synthesis from Co/H2 over Co/Cu/ZnO/Al2O3: In-Situ Addition of CH3NO2”, J. Catal., 153(1), 1995, pp. 100-107.

 

Wang, J., Wang, Y., Jacobi, K., "Dissociation of CO on the Ru(110) surface", Surf. Sci., 488(1-2), 2001, pp. 83-89.

 

Wang, J., Wang, Y., Jacobi, K., "The molecular adsorption of CO on the Ru(110) surface", Surf. Sci., 482-485(1-3), 2001, pp. 153-159.

 

Wang, J., Wojciechowski, B. W., "The influence of kinetic parameters on the Fischer Tropsch product distribution", Fuel Sci. Tech. Internat., 7(8),1989, pp. 1139-1178.

 

Wang, J., Zeng, C., “Al2O3 Effect on the Catalytic Activity of Cu-ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2 Catalysts for Dimethyl Ether Synthesis from CO2 Hydrogenation”, J. Nat. gas Chem., 14(3), 2005, pp. 156-162.

 

Wang, J., Zhang, H., Tao, H., Zhuang, J., “Heat transfer performance of heat pipe type gas-liquid-solid three-phase fixed-bed bubble-column reactor”, J. Chem. Ind. Eng., 56(3), 2005, pp. 446-449.

 

Wang, K. B., Fan, L. T., "Mass transfer in bubble columns packed with motionless mixers", Chem. Eng. Sci., 33, 1978, pp. 945-952.

 

Wang, L. P., Millman, W. S., Tysoe, W. T., “The hydrogenation of CO over molybdenum/alumina in the presence of ethylene; coupling of olefin metathesis and CO hydrogenation”, Catal. Lett., 1(5), 1988, pp. 159-167.

 

Wang, L., Qi, Y., Wei, Y., Fang, D., Meng, S., Liu, Z., “Research on the Acidity of the Double-function Catalyst for DME Synthesis from Syngas”, Catal. Lett., 106(1-2), 2006, pp. 61-66.

 

Wang, M. Q., "Full Fuel-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emission Impacts of Transportation Fuels Produced From Natural Gas", SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-1505, 2000.

 

Wang, M. Q., Mintz, M., Vyas, A., "Fuel-Cycle Energy and Emissions Impacts of Propulsion System/Fuel Alternatives for Tripled Fuel-Economy Vehicle", SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1118, 1999.

 

Wang, M., Tian, S.-B., Gong, A.-J., “Application of analytical technologies in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis”, Nat. Gas Chem. Ind., 30(5), 2005, pp. 71-74.

 

Wang, Q., "Modeling of Gas and Liquid Phase Mixing with Reaction in Bubble Column Reactors", Dissertation, Washinton U., St. Louis, 1996.

 

Wang, R. L. C., Kreuzer, H. J., Menzel, D., "Interpretation of a co-adsorbate-indusced tilt: (2x2)(CO+0) on Ru(001)", Z. Phys. Chem., 202, 1997, p. 205.

 

Wang, S. K., Lee, S. J., Jones, O. C., Lahey, R. T., "3-D turbulence structure and phase distribution in bubbly two-phase flow", J. Multiphase Flow, 13(3), 1987, pp. 327-343..

 

Wang, S. Y., Moon, S. H., Vannice, M. A., "Effect of SMSI (strong metal-support interaction) behavior on CO adsorption and hydrogenation on Pd catalysts. II. Kinetic behavior in the methanation reaction", J. Catal., 71(1), 1981, pp. 167-174.

 

Wang, S., Arimatsu, Y., Koumatsu, K., Furumoto, K., Yoshimoto, M., Fukunaga, K., Nakao, K., "Gas holdup, liquid circulating velocity and mass transfer properties in a mini-scale external loop airlift bubble column", Chem. Eng. Sci., 58(15), 2003, pp. 3353-3360.

 

Wang, S., Sun, G., Xie, M., “Study on Gas/Liquid Two Phase Flow in Bubble Column”, Petrochem. Tech., 28(10), 1999, pp. 676-680.

 

Wang, S.-L., Zhao, H.-J., "Experimental investigation on gas-liquid two phase flow in a bubble column", Sci. Tech. Chem. Ind., 12(2), 2004, pp. 6-11.

 

Wang, S.-P., Mainardi, D. S., Balbuena, P. B., "Physical Properties Of Supported And Unsupported Transition Metal Nanoclusters", ACS Fuel Chem. Prepr., 47(1), 2002, p. 215.

 

Wang, T., "Synthesis of liquid hydrocarbon fuels from biomass pyrolysis gas", M. S. Thesis, Arizona State U., 1980.

 

Wang, T., Ding, Y., Xiong, J., Chen, W., Yin, H., He, D., Yan, L.; Lin, L., “Effect of Zr Promoter on Catalytic Performance of Co/AC Catalyst for F-T Synthesis”, Chinese J. Catal., 26(3), 2005, pp. 178-182.

 

Wang, T., Ding, Y., Xiong, J., Lu, Y., Zhao, D., Lin, L., "Fischer-Tropsch reaction over cobalt catalysis supported on activated carbon and SBA with different pore sizes", ACS Div. Petrol. Chem. Prepr., 49(2), 2004, pp. 203-204.

 

Wang, T., Ding, Y.-J., Xiong, J.-M., Chen, W.-M., Pan, Z.-D., Lu, Y., Lin, L.-W, “Fischer-Tropsch Reaction over Cobalt Catalysts Supported on Zirconia-Modified Activated Carbon”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 349-354.

 

Wang, T., Schmidt, L. D., "Interparticle Redispersion of Rh and Pt-Rh Particles on SiO2 and Al2O3 by Oxidation-Reduction Cycling," J. Catal., 70, 1981, p. 187.

 

Wang, T., Wang, J., Jin, Y., “A CFD-PBM coupled model for gas-liquid flows”, AIChE J., 52(1), 2006, pp. 125-140.

 

Wang, T., Wang, J., Jin, Y., “Experimental Study and CFD Simulation of Hydrodynamic Behaviours in an External Loop Airlift Slurry Reactor”, Canadian J. Chem. Eng., 82(6), 2004, pp. 1183-1190.

 

Wang, T., Wang, J., Jin, Y., “Population Balance Model for Gas-Liquid Flows: Influence of Bubble Coalescence and Breakup Models”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44(19), 2005, pp. 7540-7549.

 

Wang, T., Wang, J., Jin, Y., “Theoretical prediction of flow regime transition in bubble columns by the population balance model”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 60(22), 2005, pp. 6199-6209.

 

Wang, T., Wang, J., Ren, F., Jin, Y., "Application of Doppler ultrasound velocimetry in multiphase flow", Chem. Eng. J., 92(1-3), 2003, pp. 111-122.

 

Wang, T., Wang, J., Yang, W., Jin, Y., "Bubble Behavior In Gas-Liquid-Solid Three-Phase Circulating Fluidized Beds", Chem. Eng. J., 84, 2001, pp. 397-404.

 

Wang, T., Wang, J., Yang, W., Jin, Y., "Experimental study on bubble behavior in gas-liquid-solid three-phase circulating fluidized beds", Powder Tech., 137(1-2), 2003, pp. 83-90.

 

Wang, T.-J., Chang, J., Zhu, J.-X., Fu, Y., "Dimethyl Ether Synthesis from Syngas Derived from Biomass Gasification and Reforming", J. Fuel Chem. Tech., 32(3), 2004, pp. 297-300.

 

Wang, W. J., Chen, Y. W., "Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation on Cobalt/Alumina and Cobalt/NaX Catalysts", Appl. Catal., 77, 1991, pp. 21-36. 

 

Wang, W. J., Chen, Y. W., "Influence of Metal Loading on the Reducibility and Hydrogenation Activity of Cobalt/Alumina Catalysts", Appl. Catal., 77, 1991, pp. 223-233. 

 

Wang, W. J., Chen, Y. W., "Olefin Production by Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide Over Co/Al2O3 and HX Mixed Catalyst", in "Novel Producation Methods For Ethylene Light Hydrocarbons, and Aromatics", Marcel Dekker, 1992, pp.273-283. 

 

Wang, W., “Hydrocracking and Hydroisomerization of Long Chain Paraffins By Anion-Modified Metal Oxides”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 1995.

 

Wang, W.-J., Lin, H.-Y., Chen, Y.-W., “Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation on Cobalt/Zeolite Catalysts “,J. Porous Materials, 12(1), 2005, pp. 5-12.

 

Wang, X., Chen, X., Ma, X., Zheng, H., Ji, M., Zhang, Z., "Low-temperature synthesis of a-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with a closed cage structure", Chem. Phys. Lett., 384(4-6), 2004, pp. 391-393.

 

Wang, X., Gorte, R. J., "The effect of Fe and other promoters on the activity of Pd/ceria for the water-gas shift reaction", App. Catal. A, 247(1), 2003, pp. 157-162.

 

Wang, Y. N., "Modelization and simulation of fixed-bed Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: Kinetics, pellet, and reactor", Dissertation, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Taiyuan, 2001.

 

Wang, Y. N., Li, Y. W., Bai, L., Zhao, Y. L., Zhang, B. J., "Correlation for gas-liquid equilibrium prediction in Fischer- Tropsch synthesis", Fuel, 78(8), 1999, pp. 911-917.

 

Wang, Y., “Study on Sol-Gel Derived Rh-Based Catalysts for Synthesis of C2 Oxygenated Compounds through CO Hydrogenation”, Chinese J. Catal., 20(2), 1999, pp. 108-109.

 

Wang, Y., “Study on the Synthesis of Ethanol through CO Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Rh-Based Catalysts”, Chinese J. Catal., 20(1), 1999, pp. 11-15.

 

Wang, Y., Davis, B. H., "Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Conversion of alcohols over iron oxide and iron carbide catalysts," Appl. Catal. A, 180(1-2), 1999, pp. 277- 285.

 

Wang, Y., Jun, J., Cao, C., Mazanec T. J., “Microprocess technology for Fischer-Tropsch gas-to-liquids”, ACS Div. Petrol. Chem. Prepr., 50(1), 2005, pp. 69-70.

 

Wang, Y., Levec, J., “Activity of catalyst for liquid phase methanol synthesis”, Chinese J. Chem. Eng., 10(1), 2002, pp. 63-69.

 

Wang, Y., Li, J., "Probing Study Of Rh Catalysts On Different Supports In Co Hydrogenation", React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 76(1), 2002, pp. 141-150.

 

Wang, Y., Li, Y., Xu, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhang, B., “Modeling of Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst Pellet on Basis of Detailed Mechanism Kinetics I. Catalyst Pellet Modeling and Numerical Computing Method”, Chinese J. Catal., 22(1), 2001, pp. 39-43.

 

Wang, Y., Noguchi, M., Takahashi, Y., Ohtsuka, Y., "Synthesis of SBA-15 with different pore sizes and the utilization as supports of high loading of cobalt catalysts", Catal. Today, 68(1-3), 2001, pp. 3-9.

 

Wang, Y.-N., Li, Y.-W., Zhao, Y.-L., Zhang, B.-J., "Modeling of Catalyst Pellets for Fixed-Bed Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis", Huaxue Fanying Gongcheng Yu Gongyi, 16(2), 2000, pp. 109-115.

 

Wang, Y.-N., Ma, W.-P., Lu, Y.-J., Yang, J., Xu, Y.-Y., Xiang, H.-W., Li, Y.-W., Zhao, Y.-L., Zhang, B.-J., "Kinetics modelling of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over an industrial Fe-Cu-K catalyst", Fuel, 82(2), 2003, pp. 195-213.

 

Wang, Y.-N., Xu, Y.-Y., Li, Y.W., Zhao, Y.-L., Zhang, B.-J., "Heterogeneous modeling for fixed-bed Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: Reactor model and its applications", Chem. Eng. Sci., 58(3-6), 2003, pp. 867-875.

 

Wang, Y.-N., Xu, Y.-Y., Xiang, H.-W., Li, Y.-W., Zhang, B.-J., "Modeling of catalyst pellets for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 40(20), 2001,pp. 4324-4335.

 

Wang, Z, Wang, J, Diao, , Jin, Y, "The Synergy Effect Of Process Coupling For Dimethyl Ether Synthesis In Slurry Reactors", Chem. Eng. Tech., 24, 2001, pp. 507-511.

 

Wang, Z. L., Colliex, C., Paul-Boncour, V., Percheron-Guegan, A., Achard, J. C., Barrault, J., "Electron microscopy characterization of lanthanum-cobalt intermetallic catalysts", J. Catal., 105(1), 1987, pp. 120-143.

 

Wang, Z. L., Diao, J., Wang, J. F., Jin, Y., Peng, X. D., “Study on synergy effect in dimethyl ether synthesis from syngas”, Chinese J. Chem. Eng., 9(4), 2001, pp. 412-416.

 

Wang, Z., Pan, W., Li, J., Li, H., Wang, J., "An Active and Stable Methanol Synthesis Catalyst for the Three-Phase Process", Chinese J. Catal., 24(7), 2003, pp. 485-486.

 

Wang, Z., Tian, Z., Teng, F., Wen, G., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Lin, L., “Hydroisomerization of Long-Chain Alkane Over Pt/SAPO-11 Catalysts Synthesized from Nonaqueous Media”, Catal. Lett., 103(1-2), 2005, pp. 109-116.

 

Wang, Z., Tian, Z., Teng, F., Xu, Y., Hu, S., Tan, M., Xu, Z., Lin, L., “Effect of Silanization on Catalytic Performance of Pt/SAPO-11 for Hydroisomerization of n-Dodecane”, Chinese J. Catal., 26(9), 2005, pp. 819-823.

 

Wann, G. S., III, “Homogeneous catalysis of carbon monoxide hydrogenation: mechanistic aspects of an Ir 4(CO)12 - AlCl3-NaCl system”, Ph. D. Thesis, Stanford University, 1983.

 

Ward, C. C., Schwartz, F. G., Adams, N. G., "Composition of Fischer-Tropsch Diesel Fuel", Ind. Eng. Chem., 43(5), 1951, pp. 1117-1119.

 

Wärnå, J., "Simulation and Parameter Estimation in Heterogeneous Two and Three Phase Reactor Modelling", Doctoral thesis, Åbo Akademi, 1994

 

Wärnå, J., Salmi, T., "Dynamic modelling of catalytic three phase reactors", Computers Chem. Eng., 20(1), 1996, pp. 39-47.

 

Warnecke, H.-J., Geisendörfer, M., Hempel, D. C., “Mass transfer behaviour of gas-liquid jet loop reactors”, Chem. Eng. Tech., 11(1), 1988, pp. 306-311.

 

Warnecke, H.-J., Geisendörfer, M., HußMann, P., Hempel, D. C., Langemann, H., “Volumenbezogene Stoffübergangskoeffizienten beim Strahldüsen-Schlaufenreaktor”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 59(10), 1987, pp. 798-800.

 

Warnecke, H.-J., Vaupel, D., Prüss, J., Langemann, H., “Gasphasedispersion in einem Gas/Flüssigkeits-Strahldüsen-Schlaufenreaktor”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 61(10), 1989, pp. 815-817

 

Warnecke, H.-J., Weidenbach, M., Prüss, J., Langemann, H., “Bestimmung von Dispersionskoeffizienten in Gas/Flüssigkeits-Strahldüsen-Schlaufenreaktoren”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 59(6), 1987, pp. 496-499.

 

Warner, B. R., Derrig, M. J., Montgomery, C. W., "Catalytic Synthesis of Hydrocarbons and Oxygenated Compounds from Ketene and its Relation to the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 68(8), 1946, pp. 1615-1617.

 

Warsito, W., "Hydrodynamics analysis of slurry bubble column using ultrasonic techniques", Ph. D. Thesis, Shizuoka University, Japan, 1997.

 

Warsito, W., Fan, L. S., “Dynamics of spiral bubble plume motion in the entrance region of bubble columns and three-phase fluidized beds using 3D ECT”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 60(22), 2005, pp. 6073-6084.

 

Warsito, W., Fan, L.-S., "3D-ECT Velocimetry for Flow Structure Quantification of Gas-Liquid-Solid Fluidized Beds", Canadian J. Chem. Eng., 81(3), 2003, pp. 875-884.

 

Warsito, W., Fan, L.-S., "ECT imaging of three-phase fluidized bed based on three-phase capacitance Model", Chem. Eng. Sci., 58(3-6), 2003, pp. 823-832.

 

Warsito, W., Fan, L.-S., "Measurement of real-time flow structures in gas-liquid and gas-liquid-solid flow systems using electrical capacitance tomography (ECT)", Chem. Eng. Sci., 56(21-22), 2001, pp. 6455-6462.

 

Warsito, W., Fan, L.-S., "Neural network multi-criteria optimization image reconstruction technique (NN-MOIRT) for linear and non-linear process tomography", Chem. Eng. Proc., 42(8-9), 2003, pp. 663-674.

 

Warsito, W., Maezawa, A., Uchida, S., and Okamura, S., "'A Model of Simultaneous Measurement of Gas and Solid Holdup in A Bubble Column using Ultra-Sonic Technique"', Can. J. Chem. Eng., 73, 1995, pp. 734-743.

 

Warsito, W., Ohkawa, M., Maezawa, A., Uchida, S., "Flow Structure and Phase Distributions in A Slurry Bubble Column"', Chem. Eng. Sci., 52, 1997, p. 3941.

 

Wasaka, S., Itonaga, M., Sakawaki, K., Inokuchi, K., Mochizuki, M., Clark, K., Oda, H., Suzuki, T., "The Influence of Hydrodynamics on the NEDOL Coal Liquefaction Reaction", Energy Fuels, 17(2), 2003, pp. 412-418.

 

Wasan, D. T., Ahluwalia, M. S., "'Consecutive Film and Surface Renewal Mechanism for Heat and Mass Transfer From Wall,"' Chem. Eng. Sci., 24, 1969, p. 1535.

 

Wasmund, B., Smith, J. W., “wass to fluid heat transfer in liquid fluidized beds”, Canadian J. Chem. Eng., 45, 1967, pp. 156-165.

 

Wasowski, T., Blaß, E., "Neue Aspekte zum Einfluß des Blasenwakes auf die Hydrodynamik und den Stoffaustausch in einer Blasensäule (New aspects on the influence of bubble wakes on the hydrodynamics and the mass transfer in a bubble column)", Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 61(7), 1989, pp. 519-530. 

 

Wasowski, T., Blaß, E., "The Influence of the Wake Behind Bubbles on the Fluid Mechanics and Mass Transfer in Bubble Columns", Int. Chem. Eng., 31(3), 1991, pp. 407-422. 

 

Watanabe, M., "Hydrogenation of carbon species on cobalt catalysts observed by Raman-Ellipsometry Spectroscopy", J. Catal., 110, 1988, pp. 37-46.

 

Watanabe, M., Wißmann, P., "States of Surface Hydrogen under Reaction Conditions of the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis", Catal. Lett. 7(1-4), 1990, pp. 15-25.

 

Watling, T. C., Gusovius, A. F., Prins, R., “Synthesis of Methanol from CO over Ca-Promoted Pt/SiO2”, J. Catal., 188(1), 1999, pp. 233-236.

 

Watson, M. J., Hewitt, G. F., "Pressure effects on the slug to churn transition, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 25(6-7), 1999, pp. 1225-1241.

 

Watson, P. R., Somorjai, G. A., "Formation of oxygen-containing organic molecules by the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide using a lanthanum rhodate catalyst", J. Catal., 74(2), 1982, pp. 282-295.

 

Watson, P. R., Somorjai, G. A., "Interaction of CO, CO2, and D2 with rhodium oxide: its reduction and catalytic stability", J. Phys. Chem., 86(20), 1982, pp. 3993-3996.

 

Watson, P. R., Somorjai, G. A., "The hydrogenation of carbon monoxide over rhodium oxide surfaces", J. Catal., 72, 1981, p. 347.

 

Waugh, K. C., “Methanol Synthesis”, Catal. Today, 15(1), 1992, pp. 51-75.

 

Waugh, K. C., “On the junction effect theory of activity in methanol synthesis catalysts”, Catal. Lett., 7(5-6), 1990, pp. 345-349.

 

Waymouth, R. M., Santarsiero, B. D., Coots, R. J., Bronikowski, M. J., Grubbs, R. H., "Trinuclear Zr2,Al µ-Ketene Complexes Containing Bridging Ligands. Implications for Transmetallation Reactions and CO Reduction Chemistry", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 108(7), 1986, pp. 1427-1441.

 

Weake, H. J., Robertson, G. A., “The value of computer simulations to the process industries”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 36, 1988, pp. 713-724.

 

Weatherbee, G. D., Bartholomew, C. H., "Hydrogenation of CO2 on Group VIII Metals, II. Kinetics and Mechanism of CO2 Hydrogenation on Nickel," J. Catal., 77, 1982, p. 460.

 

Weatherbee, G. D., Bartholomew, C. H., "Hydrogenation of CO2 on Group VIII Metals, IV. Specific Activities and Selectivities of Silica-Supported Co, Fe, and Ru," J. Catal., 87, 1984, p. 352.

 

Weatherbee, G. D., Bartholomew, C. H., "Hydrogenation of CO2 on group VIII metals. I. Specific activity of Ni/SiO2", J. Catal., 68(1), 1981, pp. 67-76.

 

Weatherbee, G. D., Fowler, R. W., Bartholomew, C. H., "Sulfur poisoning of nickel methanation catalysts", 71st AIChE Annu. Meet., 48, 1978, pp. 1-11.

 

Weatherbee, G. D., Rankin, J. L., Bartholomew, C. H., "Activated Adsorption of H2 on Iron: Effects of Support, Potassium Promoter, and Pretreatment, " Appl. Catal., 11, 1984, p. 73.

 

Webb, A. N., Mitchell, J. J., "The Carbon Monoxide Exchange of Iron Carbonyls", J. Phys. Chem., 63(11), 1959, pp. 1878-1885.

 

Webb, C., Que, F., Senior, P. R., "Dynamics simulation of gas-liquid dispersion behavior in a 2-D bubble column using a graphics mini-super computer," Chem. Eng. Sci, 47, 1992, pp. 3305-3312.

 

Weber, M. E., "The effect of surface active agents on mass transfer from spherical cap bubbles", Chem. Eng. Sci., 30, 1975, pp. 1507-1510.

 

Weber, M., "Large Bubble Columns for the Oxidation of Cumene in Phenol Processes", Chem. Eng. Tech., 25(5), 2002, pp. 553-558.

 

Weber, P., Dunlap, H. L., “Solubility of Paraffin Wax in Pure Hydrocarbons”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 20(4), 1928, pp. 383-384.

 

Weck, H. I., Meyerson, S., Seelig, H. S., "Hydrocarbon Synthesis Catalyst Studies. Use of Deuterochloric Acid", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 73(5), 1951, pp. 2331-2333.

 

Weckhuysen, B. M., Verberckmoes, A. A., Uytterhoeven, M. G., Mabbs, F. E., Collison, D., de Boer, E., Schoonheydt, R. A., "Electron spin resonance of high-spin cobalt in microporous crystalline cobalt-containing aluminophosphates", J. Phys. Chem. B, 104, 2000, p. 37.

 

Wedeking, K., Shipp, R., Chang, S., Rightor, E., Pinnavaia, T. J., "Carbon Isotopic Compositions of Individual Hydrocarbons, Carbon Dioxide, and Oils from the Fischer-Tropsch Reaction", Lunar and Planetary Science XVI, 1985, pp. 899-900.

 

Wedel, S., Luss, D., "Steady-state multiplicity features of an adiabatic fixed-bed reactor with Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics; carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide methanation", Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 23(3). 1984, pp. 280-288.

 

Weder, E., “Elektrochemische Untersuchung des Stoffübergangs von einer Flüssigkeit an eine gasende Düse”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 39(15), 1967, pp. 914-918.

 

Wedler, G., Colb, K. G., Heinrich, W., McElhiney, G., "The interaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide on polycrystalline iron films", Applications of Surf. Sci., 2(1), 1978, pp. 85-101.

 

Wedler, G., Colb, K. G., McElhiney, G., Heinrich, W., "An investigation of the interaction of CO with polycrystalline iron films", Applications of Surf. Sci., 2(1), 1978, pp. 30-42.

 

Wedler, G., Papp, H., Schroll, G., "The interaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide on polycrystalline nickel films at temperatures up to 353 K", J. Catal., 38(1-3), 1975, pp. 153-165.

 

Wegrzyn, J. E., Mahajan, D., Michael Gurevich, M., "Catalytic routes to transportation fuels utilizing natural gas hydrates", Catal. Today, 50(1), 1999, pp. 97-108.

 

Wehner, P. S., Mercer, P. N., Apai, G., "Interaction of H2 and CO with Rh4(CO)12 supported on ZnO", J. Catal., 84(1), 1983, pp. 244-247.

 

Wei, D.,. Goodwin, J. G. Jr., Oukaci, R., Singleton, A. H., "Attrition resistance of cobalt F-T catalysts for slurry bubble column reactor use", Appl. Catal. A, 210(1-2), 2001, pp. 137-150.

 

Wei, J., "Stoichiometric analysis of synthetic fuels and chemicals from coal", Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev., 20(2), 1981, pp. 294-298.

 

Wei, M., Okabe, K., Arakawa, H., “Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis over Metal-promoted Co-Ir-SiO2 Catalysts Prepared by the Alkoxide Method”, J. Japanese Petrol. Inst., 46(5), 2003, pp. 339-342.

 

Wei, M., Okabe, K., Arakawa, H., Teraoka, Y., "Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over cobalt catalysts supported on mesoporous alumino-silicate", New J. Chem., 26(1), 2002, pp. 20-23.

 

Wei, M., Okabe, K., Arakawa, H., Teraoka, Y., "Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over cobalt catalysts supported on modified SiO2 with mesoporous silica", React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 77(2), 2002, pp. 381-387.

 

Wei, M., Okabe, K., Arakawa, H., Teraoka, Y., "Mesoporous metallo-silicates as a support of cobalt catalysts for slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis", New J. Chem., 27(6), 2003, pp. 928-932.

 

Wei, M., Okabe, K., Arakawa, H., Teraoka, Y., "Synthesis and characterization of zirconium containing mesoporous silicates and the utilization as support of cobalt catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis", Catal. Comm., 5(1), 2004, pp. 597-603.

 

Wei, W., Sun, Y., Zhong, B., "Catalytic Dehydrogenation of n-Paraffins Mixture to C10-C14 Linear Monolefins mixture in Supercritical Phase", Chem. Comm., 1999, p. 2499.

 

Wei, W., Sun, Y., Zhong, B., “Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Long Chain Alkanes in Supercritical Phase”, Chinese J. Catal., 20(5), 1989, pp. 493-497.

 

Weibin, F., Ruifeng, L., Jinghong, M., Binbin, F., Jinghui, C., “Synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties of MFI-type zeolites prepared in the system Na2O-SiO2-Al2O3-H2N(CH2)6NH2-NH4F”, Microporous Materials”, 4(4), 1995, pp. 301-307.

 

Weigel, J. M., “Surface species in carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactions over zirconia supported catalysts for the synthesis of methanol; a drift spectroscopic study”, Dissertation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zuerich, 1996.

 

Weigel, J., Koeppel, R. A., Baiker, A., Wokaun, A., “Surface Species in CO and CO2 Hydrogenation over Copper/Zirconia Catalyst and their Role in Methanol Synthesis”, Langmuir, 12, 1996, p. 5319.

 

Weil, B. H., Lane, J. C., “Economics of the Fischer-Tropsch Process in the United States”, Part IV in “The Technology of the Fischer-Tropsch Process”, Constable & Co., London, 1949, pp. 133-174.

 

Weil, B. H., Lane, J. C., “Products and By-Products”, Part III in “The Technology of the Fischer-Tropsch Process”, Constable & Co., London, 1949, pp. 81-131.

 

Weil, B. H., Lane, J. C., “The Catalytic Synthesis”, Part II in “The Technology of the Fischer-Tropsch Process”, Constable & Co., London, 1949, pp. 39-79.

 

Weiland, P., "Influence of draft tube diameter on operation behavior of airlift loop reactors", Ger. Chem. Eng., 7, 1984, pp. 374-385.

 

Weiland, P., Bieker, A., “Einfluß der Flössigkeitsgeschwindigkeit auf die Blasengrößenverteilung in Airlift-Schlaufenreaktoren”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 53(11), 1981, pp. 869-870.

 

Weiland, P., Onken, U., "Differences in the Behavior of Bubble Columns and Airlift Loop Reactors", Ger. Chem. Eng., 4, 1981, p. 174.

 

Weiland, P., Onken, U., "Vergleich der Verhaltens von Blasensaulen und Airlift-Schlaufenreaktoren (Comparison of the behaviour of bubble columns and air lift loop reactors)", Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 52(12), 1980, pp. 986-987.

 

Weiland, P., Onken, U., “Fluiddynamik und Stoffübergang in einem Airlift-Schlaufenreaktor mit äußerem Umlauf”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 52(3), 1980, pp. 264-265.

 

Weiland, P., Sick, R., Onken, U., “Hydrazin-Oxidationsmethode - Ein sicheres Meßverfahren zur Bestimmung volumetrischer Stoffübergangskoeffizienten in Gas/Flüssigkeits-Systemen”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 57(1), 1985, pp. 72-73.

 

Weiland, P., Sick, R., Onken, U., “Zur Bestimmung des volumetrischen Stoffübergangskoeffizienten in Gas/Flüssigkeits-Dispersionen mittels Hydrazin-Oxidation”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 53(7), 1981, pp. 580-581.

 

Weimer, A.W., Quarderer, G. J., Cochran, G. A., Conway, M. M., "Design and Performance of a High-Pressure, Fischer-Tropsch, Fluidized Bed Reactor," in "Fluidization VI" (J.R. Grace, L.W. Shemilt, M.A. Bergougnou, eds.), Engineering Foundation, New York, 1989, p. 343.

 

Weimer, J. J., Loboda-Cackovic, J., Block, J. H., "Phase Diagram and Overlayer Structures for CO on Rh(110)", Surf. Sci., 316, 1994, p. 123.

 

Weimer, J. J., Loboda-Cackovic, J., Block, J. H., "The Behavior of CO Phases on Rh(110) Under Static Pressures", J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A, 99, 1990, p. 99. 

 

Weimer, J. J., Umbach, E., "Bonding and Electronic Structure of Coadsorbed CO and K on Ru(001)", Phy. Rev. B, 30, 1984, p. 4863. 

 

Weimer, J. J., Umbach, E., Menzel, D., "Rehybridization of CO Under the Influence of Coadsorbed K on Ru(001)", J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A, 4, 1986, p. 134. 

 

Weimer, J. J., Umbach, E., Menzel, D., "The Properties of K and Coadsorbed CO + K on Ru(001): I. Adsorption, Desorption and Structure", Surf. Sci., 155, 1985, p. 132. 

 

Weimer, J. J., Umbach, E., Menzel, D., "The Properties of K and Coadsorbed CO + K on Ru(001): II. Electronic Structure", Surf. Sci., 159, 1985, p. 83. 

 

Weimert, B., Noffke, J., Fritsche, L., "Electronic and magnetic properties of a Co-monolayer on a W(110) substrate", Surf. Sci., 289, 1993, p. 397.

 

Weinberg, W. H., Comrie, C. M., Lambert, R. M., "The kinetics of adsorption of CO on group VIII transition metals", J. Catal., 41(3), 1976, pp. 489-493.

 

Weingaertner, E., "Uber die Verteilung der mit Eisen-Katalysatoren bei der Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese erhaltenen Prokukte (On the product distribution of Fischer-Tropsch-synthesis on Fe-catalysts)", Erdol u. Kohle, 9, 1956, pp. 368-377.

 

Weinspach, P.-M., “Hydrodynamisches Verhalten von Suspensionen im Rührgefäß”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 41(5-6), 1969, pp. 260-265.

 

Weintraub, M., Leva, M., "Fluid Dynamics", Ind. Eng. Chem., 45(1), 1953, pp. 74-82.

 

Weisel, M. D., Chen, J. G., Hoffmann, P. M., “Characterization of a CO/H2 reaction intermediate by FT-IRAS: potassium formate on Ru(001)”, J. Electron Spectr. & Related Phen., 54-55, 1990, pp. 787-794.

 

Weisel, M. D., Robbins, J. L., Hoffmann, F. M., "In-situ FT-IRAS study of the hydrogenation of CO on Ru(001). Potassium-promoted synthesis of formate", J. Phys. Chem., 97, 1993, pp. 9441-9450.

 

Weiss, H., “Rectisol wash for purification of partial oxidation gases”, Gas Sep. & Purif., 2(4), 1988, pp. 171-176.

 

Weiss, K., "Stoichiometric and catalytic metathesis of carbodiimides with Fischer-type carbene complexes", Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 19, 1984, pp. 397-402.

 

Weiss, R. G., Clark, K. N., Foster, N.R., "Gas Holdup in a Bench Scale Hydrogenation Reactor Using Neutron Scattering Techniques", Proceedings of 8th Australian Workshop on Coal Liquefaction, Melbourne, Australia, 1983, p.122. 

 

Weiss, R. G., Foster, N. R., Clark, K. N., "The Effect of Liquid Viscosity on Gas Hold-up in a Vertical Pipe", Can. J. Chem. Eng., 3(1), 1985, p. 173.

 

Weiß, T., "Gravimetrische Untersuchungen wahrend der Fischer-Tropsch-Synthesis an einem technischen Eisenfallungskatalysator (Gravimetrical measurements during the Fischer-Tropsch-synthesis on a technical precipitated Fe-catalyst)", Diplomarbeit, U. Karlsruhe, 1994.

 

Weiß, W., "Die Flussigkeitsdurchmischung in engen Blasensaulen (Mixing of the liquid phase in tight bubble columns)", Diplomarbeit, Technischen Universitat Berlin, 1956.

 

Weiß, W., “Zur Flüssigkeitsdurchmischung in Blasensäulen”, Dissertation, T. U. Berlin, 1964.

 

Weisz, P. B., Kern, W. P., "Hydrocarbon Synthesis On Pure Iron", J. Phys. Chem., 65(3), 1961, pp. 417-419.

 

Weitkamp, A. W., Frye, C. G., "Relation of Product Composition to Reaction Mechanism", Ind. Eng. Chem., 45(2), 1953, pp. 363-367.

 

Weitkamp, A. W., Seelig, H. S., Bowman, N. J., Cady, W. E., "Aliphatic and Alicyclic Hydrocarbons", Ind. Eng. Chem., 45(2), 1953, pp. 343-349.

 

Weitkamp, A. W., Seelig, H. S., Bowman, N. J., Cady, W. L., "Products of the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide over an iron catalyst", Ind. Eng. Chem., 45(2), 1953.

 

Weitkamp, J., "Influence of chain length in hydrocracking and hydroisomerization of n-alkanes", ACS Div. Pet. Chem. Prepr., 20(2), 1975, pp. 489-507.

 

Weitkamp, J., "The hydrocracking, cracking, and isomerization of hydrocarbons", Dtsch. Forsch. Versuchsanst. Luft- Raumfahrt Nachr., 1978, pp. 24-47.

 

Weitkamp, J., “Isomerization of long-chain n-alkanes on a Pt/CaY zeolite catalyst”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 21(4), 1982, pp. 550-558.

 

Weitkamp, J., “The influence of chain length in hydrocracking and hydroisomerization of n-alkanes”, in “Hydrocracking and Hydrotreating” (J. W. Ward, S. A. Qader, eds.), ACS Symp. Ser. 20, 1975, pp. 1-27.

 

Weitkamp, J., Edye, E., "Status and prospects of the oil and natural gas processing technology", Erdoel Kohle, Erdgas, Petrochem. Brennst.-Chem., 33(1), 1980, pp. 16-33.

 

Weitkamp, J., Gerhardt, W., Jacobs, P. A., "Isomerization and hydrocracking of alkanes on Pt/CeY, Pt/LaY and Pd/LaY zeolites - bifunctional or metallic catalysis ?", in "Proc. Int. Symposium on Zeolite Catalysis" (P. Fejes and D. Kallo, eds.), Acta Physica et Chemica Szegediensis, 1985, pp. 261-270.

 

Weitkamp, J., Hedden, K., “Reaktionsablauf beim Hydrocracken von n-Alkanen an Edelmetall/Zeolith-Katalysatoren”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 47(12), 1975, pp. 537.

 

Weitkamp, J., Jacobs, P. A., "Hydroconversion of long-chain n-alkanes on Pt/HZSM-5 zeolite", ACS Div. Fuel Chem. Prepr., 28(2), 1983, pp. 153-162.

 

Weitkamp, J., Jacobs, P. A., "Isomerization and hydrocracking of long chain alkanes: new insight into carbenium ion chemistry", acs Div. Pet. Chem. Prepr., 26(1), 1981, pp. 9-13.

 

Weitkamp, J., Jacobs, P.A., Martens J.,A., "Isomerization and hydrocracking of C9 through C16 n-alkanes on Pt/HZSM-5 zeolite", Appl. Catal., 8 1983, pp. 123-141.

 

Weitkamp, J., Schulz, H., "Olefinic intermediates in catalytic hydrocracking of paraffins", J. Catal., 29(2), 1973, pp. 361-366.

 

Weller, S., "Kinetics of Carbiding and Hydrocarbon Synthesis with Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 69(10), 1947, pp. 2432-2436.

 

Weller, S., Friedel, R. A., "Isomer distribution in Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons", J. Chem. Phys., 18m 1950, pp. 157-158.

 

Weller, S., Hofer, L. J. E., Anderson, R. B., "The Role of Bulk Cobalt Carbide in the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 70(2), 1948, pp. 799-801.

 

Wells, R. P. K., Collier, P. J., Johns, M., Hutchings, G. J., "Examination of nitrogen diluted syn-gas feeds for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: microreactor and in situ powder X-ray diffraction study", in "Proceedings of the DGMK-Conference 'Synthesis Gas Chemistry'", September 27-29, 2000 in Dresden, Germany, p. 111.

 

Wen, C. Y., Bailie, R. C., Lin, C. Y., O'Brien, W. S., "Production of low Btu gas involving coal pyrolysis and gasification", ACS Div. Fuel Chem. Prepr., 18(1), 1976, pp. 36-55.

 

Wen, C. Y., Chen, P. W., Kato, K., Galli, A. F., "Optimization of fixed bed methanation processes", ACS Div. Fuel Chem. Prepr., 12(3), 1968, p. 104.

 

Wen, C. Y., Fan, L. S., "Axial dispersion of non-Newtonian liquids in fluidized beds", Prepr. 75th Nat. AIChE Mtg., 10, 1973, p. 11.

 

Wen, C. Y., Kim, H. N., "Optimization of fixed bed water-gas shift converter for production of pipeline gas", ACS Div. Fuel Chem. Prepr., 14(3), 1970, pp. 57-86.

 

Wen, C. Y., Li, C. T., Tscheng, S. H., O'Brien, W. S., "Comparison of alternate coal-gasification processes for pipeline-gas production", Energy Sources, 1, 1973, pp. 31-71.

 

Wen, C. Y., Tone, S., "Coal conversion reaction engineering", ACS Symp. Ser., 72, 1978, pp. 56-109.

 

Wen, J. P., Jia, X. Q., Feng, W., “Hydrodynamic and Mass Transfer of Gas-Liquid-Solid Three-Phase Internal Loop Airlift Reactors with Nanometer Solid Particles”, Chem. Eng. Tech., 28(1), 2005, pp. 53-60.

 

Wen, J. P., Lei, P., Huang, L., “Modeling and Simulation of Gas-Liquid-Solid Three-Phase Fluidization”, Chem. Eng. Comm., 192(7), 2005, pp. 941-955.

 

Wen, J., Jia, X., Mao, G., "Local liquid side mass transfer model in gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow airlift loop reactor for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids", Chinese J. Chem. Eng., 12 (3), 2004, pp. 347-350.

 

Wen, J., Xu, S., "Local hydrodynamics in a gas-liquid-solid three-phase bubble column reactor", Chem. Eng. J., 70(1), 1998, pp. 81-84.

 

Wencke, K., “Untersuchungen zur katalytischen Methangewinnung aus Kohlenmonoxyd-Wasserstoff-Gemischen”, J. Praktische Chem., 6(3-4), 1958, pp. 204-224.

 

Wender, I., "Catalysis in CO reactions: A homogeneous catalyst chemist's view of heterogeneous catalysis", ACS Div. Pet. Chem. Prepr., 27(2), 1982, p. 311.

 

Wender, I., "Catalytic synthesis of chemicals from coal", ACS Div. Fuel Chem. Prepr., 20(4), 1975, pp. 16-32.

 

Wender, I., "Catalytic synthesis of chemicals from coal", Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng., 14(1), 1976, pp. 97-129.

 

Wender, I., "Reactions of synthesis gas", Fuel Proc. Tech., 48, 1996, pp. 238-257 (189-297 ?).

 

Wender, I., "Synthesis gas as a source of fuels and chemicals: C1 chemistry", Annu. Rev. Energy, 11, 1986, pp. 295-314.

 

Wender, I., Davis, B. H., "Symposium on Synthesis Gas Chemistry: An Introduction," Energy Fuels, 10(3), 1996, p. 519.

 

Wender, I., Steffgbn, F. W., Yavorsky. P. W., "Clean liquid and gaseous fuels from organic solid wastes", in "Recycling and Disposal of Solid Wastes" (T.F. Yen, ed.), Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann. Arbor, Mi., 1974, pp. 43-99.

 

Wender, I., Sternberg, H. W., Orchin, M., "The Chemistry of Metal Carbonyls. I. New Concepts Applied to Carbonyls of Cobalt", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 74(5), 1952, pp. 1216-1219.

 

Wendt, R., "Untersuchungen zum Waermeuebergang an Einzelrohren und querangestroemten Rohrbuendelwaermeaustauschern in Blasensaeulenreaktoren (Investigations on the heat transfer in single tubes and in transfer flow multitubular heat exchangers in bubble column reactors)", Dissertation, Dortmund Univ., 1983. 

 

Wendt, R., Deuerler, F., Steiff, A., Weinspach, P.-M., “Untersuchungen zum Wärmeübergang an Einzelrohren und querangeströmten Rohrbündeln in Blasensäulenreaktoren”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 56(12), 1984, pp. 946-947.

 

Wendt, R., Steiff, A., Weinspach, P. M., "Liquid phase dispersion in bubble columns", Ger. Chem. Eng., 7, 1984, p. 267-273.

 

Wendt, R., Steiff, A., Weinspach, P.-M., “Flüssigphasenrückvermischung in Blasensäulenreaktoren”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 55(1), 1983, pp. 796-797.

 

Weng, H. S., Smith, J. M., “Mass transfer, adsorption and reaction in slurry reactors”, Chem. Eng. J., 28, 1984, pp. 115-124.

 

Wentrcek, P. R., McCarty, J. G., Ablow, C. M., Wise, H., "Deactivation of alumina-supported nickel and ruthenium catalysts by sulfur compounds", J. Catal., 61(1), 1980, pp. 232-241.

 

Wentrcek, P. R., McCarty, J. G., Wood, B. J., Wise, H., "Formation of surface carbon and methanation catalysis on alumina supported nickel", ACS Div. Fuel Chem. Prepr., 21(4), 1976, pp. 52-63.

 

Wentrcek, P. R., Wood, B. J., Wise, H., "Role of surface carbon in catalytic methanation", J. Catal., 43(13), 1976, pp. 363-366.

 

Wenzell, L. P. Jr., Dressier, R. G., Batchelder, H. R., "Plant Purification of Synthesis Gas", Ind. Eng. Chem., 46(5), 1954, pp. 858-861.

 

Werner, H., Kletzin, H., Höhn, A., Paul, W., Knaup, W., Ziegler, M. L., Serhadli, O., "Ethylen(hydrido)-metallkomplexe aus M(=CH2)CH3-Vorstufen: Modellreaktionen für einen Elementarschritt der Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese", J. Organomet. Chem., 306, 1986, pp. 227-239.

 

Wesner, D. A., Coenen, F. P., Bonzel, H. P., "Influence of potassium on carbon monoxide hydrogenation over iron: a surface analytical study", Langmuir, 1(4), 1985, pp. 478-487.

 

Wesner, D. A., Linden, G., Bonzel, H. P., "Alkali promotion on cobalt: Surface analysis of the effects of potassium on carbon monoxide adsorption and Fischer-Tropsch reaction", Appl. Surf. Sci., 26(3), 1986, pp. 335-356.

 

Westerterp, K. R., "Interfacial Area and Gas Holdup in a Bubble Column Reactor at Elevated Pressures", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 35(11), 1996, pp. 3842-3847.

 

Westerterp, K. R., Kuczynski, M., “Neues Verfahren zur Methanol- und Ammoniak-Synthese. Der Gas/Feststoff/Feststoff-Rieselströmungsreaktor - ein neuer Reaktortyp zur Führung chemischer Gleichgewichtsprozesse”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 58(12), 1986, pp. 929-933.

 

Westerterp, K. R., Kuczynski, M., Bodewes, T. N., Vrijland, M. S. A., “Neue Konvertersysteme für die Methanol-Synthese”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 61(3), 1989, pp. 193-199.

 

Westerterp, K. R., Kuczynski, M., Kamphuis, C. H. M., "The synthesis of methanol in a reactor system with interstage product removal", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 28(6), 1989, pp. 763-771.

 

Westphely, H., “Rückvermischung in Blasen- und Füllkörpersäulen”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 46(5), 1974, p. 203.

 

Westre, E. D., Brown, D. E., Kutzner, J., George, M., "Anisotropy and coverage dependence of CO surface diffusion on Ru(S)-[15(001) × 2(100)]", Surf. Sci., 302(3), 1994, pp. 280-294.

 

Wetli, E., Kreutz, T. J., Schmid, H., Greber, T., Osterwalder, J., Hochstrasser, M., "High-resolution photoemission study of hcp-Co(0001)", Surf. Sci., 402-404(1-3), 1998, pp. 551-555.

 

Weyant, J. P., “A comparative analysis of three of ERDA's major R & D programs”, Energy, 3(6), 1978, pp. 701-735.

 

Wezorke, H., "Einfluss von Grossblasen in Blasensäulenreaktoren (On the influence of large bubbles in bubble column reactors)", Dissertation, Univeristy of Dortmund, 1986. 

 

Wezorke, H., Steiff, A., Weinspach, P.-M., “Zum Einfluß von Großblasen in Blasensäulenreaktoren”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 60(11), 1988, pp. 918-919.

 

Whalley, P. B., Davidson, J. F., "Liquid circulation in bubble columns", ICheme Symp Ser. No. 38, Symp. Multiphase Flow Systems, 1974, J5.

 

Wheeler, C., Jhalani, A., Klein, E. J., Tummala, S., Schmidt, L. D., "The water-gas-shift reaction at short contact times", J. Catal., 223(1), 2004, pp. 191-199.

 

Whitaker, S., "The transport equations for multi-phase systems", Chem. Eng. Sci., 28(1), 1973, pp. 139-147.

 

White, C. M., Jensen, K. L., Rohar, P. C., Tamilia, J., "Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst/Wax Mixtures Using Dense- Gas and Liquid Extraction", Coal Sci. Tech., 24(V1), 1995, p. 731.

 

White, E. C., Shultz, J. F., "Fused Cobalt Oxide as a Water Gas Catalyst", Ind. Eng. Chem., 26(1), 1934, pp. 95-97.

 

White, E. T., Beardmore, R. H., "The velocity of rise of single cylindrical air bubbles through liquids contained in vertical tubes", Chem. Eng. Sci., 17(5), 1962, pp. 351-361.

 

White, G. A., Roszkowski, T. R., Stambridge, D. W., "RM Process", Energy Commun., 2(1), 1976, pp. 45-63.

 

White, G. A., Roszkowski, T. R., Stanbridge, D. W., “The RMProcess”, ACS Adv. Chem. Ser., 146, 1975, pp. 138-148.

 

White, J. M., "Surface interactions in nonreactive coadsorption: hydrogen and carbon monoxide on transition metal surfaces", J. Phys. Chem., 87(6), 1983, pp. 915-924.

 

White, M. W., Jr., "Structure-Activity Relationships Of Ruthenium Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts (Metal Particle Size Effects)", Ph.D. Thesis, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1989.

 

White, T. A., Benton, A. F., "The Adsorption of Hydrogen by Nickel poisoned with Carbon Monoxide", J. Phys. Chem., 35(6), 1931, pp. 1784-1789.

 

Whithers, H. P. Jr., Eleizer, K. F., Mitchell, J. W., "Slurry-phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and kinetic studies over supported cobalt carbonyl derived catalysts", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 29, 1990, pp. 1807-1814.

 

Whiting, G. K., “Development of a microreactor system for unsteady-state Fischer-Tropsch synthesis”, Ph. D. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, 1985.

 

Whyman, R., "Selective conversion of synthesis gas into C2-oxygenated products using mixed-metal homogeneous catalysts", ACS Div. Pet. Chem. Prepr., 31(1), 1986, pp. 32-37.

 

Wiberley, J. S., Rather, J. B., Jr., “Determination of Oil in Petroleum Waxes”, Anal. Chem., 20(10), 1948, pp. 972-976.

 

Wicke, E., “Über die stationären Zustände exothermer Gasreaktionen an porösen Katalysatoren”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 29(5), 1957, pp. 305-311.

 

Wieczorek, F., “Physikalisch-chemische Struktur und Aktivität von Eisenkatalysatoren auf unterschiedlichen Aktivkohleträgern am Beispiel der Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese”, Dissertation, Univ.-Gesamthochschule Essen, 1989.

 

Wiedmann, J. A., "Zum fluiddynamischen Verhalten zwei- und dreiphasig betriebener Rührreaktoren (On the fluid dynamic behaviour of two- and three-phase stirred tank reactors)", Dissertation, University of Dortmund, 1982.

 

Wiedmann, J. A., Steiff, A., Weinspach, P.-M., “Fluid Dynamics of Stirred Three-Phase-Reactors”, German Chem. Eng., 4, 1981, pp. 125-136.

 

Wiedmann, J. A., Steiff, A., Weinspach, P.-M., “Suspension Behaviour of Two- and Three-Phase Stirred Reactors”, German Chem. Eng., 8(2), 1985, pp. 321-335.

 

Wiedmann, J. A., Steiff, A., Weinspach, P.-M., “Untersuchungen zur Leistungs-, Suspendier- und Überflutungscharakteristik in gerührten, begasten Suspensionsreaktoren”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 52(3), 1980, p. 257.

 

Wiedmann, J. A., Steiff, A., Weinspach, P.-M., “Zum Suspendierverhalten zwei- und dreiphasig betriebener Rührreaktoren”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 56(11), 1984, pp. 864-865.

 

Wiedmann, J. A., Steiff, A., Weinspach, P.-M., “Zur Hydrodynamik von gerührten Dreiphasenreaktoren”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 52(12), 1980, pp. 990-991.

 

Wielers, A. F. H., Hop, C. E. C. A., van Beijnum, J., Geus, J. W., van der Kraan, A. M., "On the properties of silica-supported bimetallic Fe-Cu catalysts. Part 1. Preparation and characterization", J. Catal., 121, 1990, pp. 364-374.

 

Wielers, A. F. H., Koebrugge, G. W., Geus, J. W., "On the properties of silica-supported bimetallic Fe-Cu catalysts. Part II. Reactivity in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis", J. Catal., 121, 1990, pp. 125-135.

 

Wiemann, D., Mewes, D., “Calculation of flow fields in two and three-phase bubble columns considering mass transfer”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 60(22), 2005, pp. 6085-6093.

 

Wiemann, D., Mewes, D., “Prediction of Backmixing and Mass Transfer in Bubble Columns Using a Multifluid Model”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44(14), 2005, pp. 4959-4967.

 

Wiemann, D., Mewes, D., “Sind Dispersionsmodelle noch sinnvoll?”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 76(9), 2004, pp. 1301-1302.

 

Wierzchowski, T., “Hydrogenation of CO2”, React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 30(2), 1986, pp. 203-207.

 

Wigmans, T., Moulijn, J. A., “Activity and mechanism of CO methanation on activated carbon-supported nickel”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1980, pp. 170-171.

 

Wijeyesekera, S. D., Hoffmann, R., Wilker, C. N., "Reactivity of transition metal cluster carbides which have an exposed carbon atom", Organometallics, 3(7), 1984, pp. 962-970.

 

Wild, G., Nacef, S., Laurent, A., Kim, S. D., “The hydrodynamics of gas-liquid-solid fluidized beds:  Influence of the distributor and scale effects”, in “Fluidization VI” (J. R. Grace, et al., eds.), Engineering Foundation, NY, 1989, pp. 515-522.

 

Wild, G., Poncin, S., “Hydrodynamics”, chapter 1 in “Three-phase sparged reactors” (K. D. P. Nigam and A. Schumpe, eds.), Gordon and Breach Publishers, Amsterdam, 1996, pp. 11-112.

 

Wild, G., Poncin, S., Li, H.-Z., Olmos, E., “Some Aspects of the Hydrodynamics of Bubble Columns”, Internat. J. Chem. React. Eng., 1, 2003, R7.

 

Wild, G., Saberian, M., Schwartz, J. L., Charpentier, J. C., “Gas-liquid-solid fluidized bed reactors.  State of the art and industrial possibilities”, Internat. Chem. Eng., 24, 1984, pp. 639-678.

 

Wild, G., Saberian, M., Schwartz, J. L., Charpentier, J. C., “Les reacteurs a lits fluidise gaz-liquide-solide.  Etat de l’art et perspectives industrielles”, Entropie, 106, 1982, pp. 3-36.

 

Wilford, D. F., Yao, J. X., Tadrous, T., Daly, D. T., "Opportunity for Diesel Emission Reductions Using Advanced Catalysts and Water Blend Fuel", SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-0182, 2000.

 

Wilhelm, A. M., Syaiful, S., Svendsen, H. F., Delmas, H., "Upward cocurrent gas-liquid-(solid) contactors: hold-up, axial dispersions, gas-liquid mass transfer", Chem. Eng. Res. Des. A, 73(A6), 1995, pp. 643-648. 

 

Wilhelm, D. J., Simbeck, D. R., Karp, A. D., Dickenson, R. L., "Syngas production for gas-to-liquids applications: technologies, issues and outlook", Fuel Proc. Tech., 71(1-3), 2001, pp. 139-148.

 

Wilkinson, P. M., "Mass Transfer and Bubble Size in a Bubble Column Under Pressure," in "Mixed-flow Hydrodynamics", Gulf publishing, Houston, Texas, 1996, pp. 563-580.

 

Wilkinson, P. M., "Physical Aspects and Scale-up of High Pressure Bubble Columns", Ph.D. Thesis, University of Groningen, The Netherlands, 1991.

 

Wilkinson, P. M., Haringa, H., "Mass Transfer and Bubble Size in a Bubble Column Under Pressure," Chem. Eng. Sci., 49, 1994, pp. 1417-1427.

 

Wilkinson, P. M., Haringa, H., Stokman, F. P. A., and van Dierendonck, L. L., "'Liquid Mixing in Bubble Columns Under Pressure", Chem. Eng. Sci., 48, 1993, pp. 1785-1791.

 

Wilkinson, P. M., Spek, A. P., Van Dierendonck, L. L., "Design Parameters Estimation for Scale-Up of High-Pressure Bubble Columns," AIChE J., 38(4), 1992, pp. 544-554.

 

Wilkinson, P. M., Van Dierendonck, L. L., "Comments on 'Studies on gas holdup in a bubble column operated at elevated temperatures'", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 29(5), 1990, pp. 927-928.

 

Wilkinson, P. M., Van Dierendonck, L. L., "Pressure and Gas Density Effects on Bubble Break-up and Gas Holdup in Bubble Columns," Chem. Eng. Sci., 45(8), 1990, pp. 2309-2315.

 

Wilkinson, P. M., Van Dierendonck, L. L., “A theoretical model for the influence of gas properties and pressure on single-bubble formation at an orifice”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 49, 1994, pp. 1429-1438.

 

Wilkinson, P. M., van Schayk, A., Spronken, J. P. M., van Dierendonck, L. L., “The influence of gas density and liquid properties on bubble breakup”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 48, 1993, pp. 1213-1226.

 

Willacy, K., "A Chemical Route to the Formation of Water in the Circumstellar Envelopes around Carbon-rich Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars: Fischer-Tropsch Catalysis", Astrophysical J., 600(2), 2004, p. L87.

 

Willard, J. E., "Applications of Radiotracers to the Study of Surfaces", J. Phys. Chem., 57(2), 1953, pp. 129-134.

 

Willey, R. J., Kittrell, J. R., "Fluidized-bed deactivation model of a methanation system", Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 23(2), 1984, pp. 206-208.

 

Willey, R. J., Kittrell, J. R., "Fluidized-bed deactivation model of a methanation system", Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 23, 1984, pp. 206-208.

 

Williams C. T., Black, C. A., Weaver, M. J., Takoudis, C. G., "Adsorption and Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide on Polycrystalline Rhodium at High Gas Pressures," J. Phys. Chem. 101, 1997, pp. 2874-2883.

 

Williams, A., Collins, D., “Petroleum - Future Possibilities”, (Australian) Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering Symposium, November, 1997.

 

Williams, B., “A structure/function study of wax selective cobalt catalysts for the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis”, Thesis, Liverpool University, Great Britain, 1993.

 

Williams, C. T., Chen, E. K.-Y., Takoudis, C. G., Weaver, M. J., "Reduction Kinetics of Surface Rhodium Oxide by Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide at Ambient Gas Pressures as Probed by Transient Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy," J. Phys. Chem. B, 102, 1998, pp. 4785-4794.

 

Williams, D. E., Thiel, P. A., Weinberg, W. H., Yates, J. T., "Segregation of co-adsorbed species: hydrogen and carbon monoxide on the (111) surfacde of Rhodium", J. Chem. Phys., 72, 1980, p. 3496.

 

Williams, D. E., Weinberg, W. H., "The geometric structure of carbon monoxide chemisorbed on the ruthenium (001) surface at low temperatures", Surf. Sci., 82, 1979, p. 93.

 

Williams, D. E., Weinberg, W. H., Sobrero, A. C., "CO on Ru(001): Island size and disordering", J. Chem. Phys., 76, 1982, p. 1150.

 

Williams, E. D., Weinberg, W. H., Yates, J. T., "Segregation of Co-absorbed Species: Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide on the Rh(111) Surface," Chem. Phys., 72, 1980, p. 3496.

 

Williams, F. J., Lambert, R. M., "A Study Of Sodium Promotion In F-T Synthesis: Electrochemical Control Of A Ruthenium Model Catalyst", Catal. Lett., 70, 2000, pp. 9-14.

 

Williams, G. C., "High B. T. U. Gas", Ind. Eng. Chem., 52(7), 1960, pp. 575-576.

 

Williams, J. A., Blackmond, D. G., Wender, I., "Chemical trapping of CO/H2 surface species", ACS Div. Fuel Chem. Prepr., 31(3), 1986, pp. 5-10.

 

Williams, K. J., Boffa, A. B., Lahtinen, J., Salmeron, M., Bell, A. T., Somorjai, G. A., “Hydrogenation of CO2, acetone, and CO on a Rh foil promoted by titania overlayers”, Catal. Lett., 5(4-6), 1990, pp. 385-394.

 

Williams, K. J., Boffa, A. B., Salmeron, M., Bell, A. T., Somorjai, G. A., “The kinetics of CO2 hydrogenation on a Rh foil promoted by titania overlayers”, Catal. Lett., 9(5-6), 1991, pp. 415-426.

 

Williams, K. J., Salmeron, M., Bell, A. T., Somorjai, G. A., "An ISS, AES, and CO chemisorption study of titania overlayers on Rh(111)", Surf. Sci., 204(3), 1988, p. L745.

 

Williams, R. H., Larson, E. D., " A comparison of direct and indirect liquefaction technologies for making fluid fuels from coal", Energy for Sustainable Development, 7(4), 2003, pp. 103-129.

 

Willner, I., Maidan, R., Mandler, D., Duerr, H., Doerr, G., Zengerle, K., "Photosensitized reduction of CO2 to CH4 and H2 evolution in the presence of ruthenium and osmium colloids: strategies to design selectivity of products distribution", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 109(20), 1987, pp. 6080-6086.

 

Wilson, E., "Isomerization of Hydrocarbons", Chem. Rev., 21(1), 1937, pp. 129-167.

 

Wilson, J. H., de Groot, C. P. M., "Atomic-scale restructuring in high-pressure catalysis", J. Phys. Chem,  99(20), 1995, pp. 7860-7866.

 

Wilson, K. G., “Nickel/titania catalysts for carbon monoxide hydrogenation: effect of potassium promoters”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1987.

 

Wilson, M. W., Plants, K. D., "Shift Conversion of Synthesis Gas Containing Sulfur, Dust, and Carbon Dioxide", Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev., 7(4), 1968, pp. 526-529.

 

Wilson, R. E., Wilkin, R. E., “The Solvent-Index of Refraction Method of Determining Oil in Wax”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 16(1), 1924, pp. 9-12.

 

Wilson, R. J., Danner, R. P., "Adsorption of synthesis gas-mixture components on activated carbon", J. Chem. Eng. Data, 28(1), 1983, pp. 14-18.

 

Wilson, T. P., "Comments on heterogeneous methanation: Absence of H2-D2 kinetic isotope effect on Ni, Ru, and Pt", J. Catal., 60(1), 1979, pp. 167-168.

 

Wilson, T. P., Kasai, P. H.,; Ellgen, P. C., "State of manganese promoter in rhodium-silica gel catalysts", J. Catal., 69(1), 1981, pp. 193-201.

 

Wimmer, E., Fu, C. L., Freeman, A. J., "Catalytic Promotion and Poisoning: All-Electron Local-Density-Functional Theory of CO on Ni(001) Surfaces Coadsorbed with K or S", Phys. Rev. Lett., 55, 1985, pp. 2618-2621.

 

Wimmers, O. J., Fortuin, J. M. H., "The use of adhesion of catalyst particles to gas bubbles to achieve enhancement of gas absorption in slurry reactors - II. Determination of the enhancement in a bubble-containing slurry reactor", Chem. Eng. Sci., 43, 1988, pp. 313-319.

 

Wimmers, O. J., Fortuin, J. M. H., “The use of adhesion of catalyst particles to gas bubbles to achieve enhancement of gas absorption in slurry reactors – I.  Investigation of particle-to-bubble adhesion using the bubble pick-up method”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 43, 1988, pp. 303-312.

 

Windawi, H., Katzer, J. R., "Regeneration of metallic methanation catalysts", ACS Div. Pet. Chem. Prepr., 25(2), 1980, pp. 324-331.

 

Windsor, M. M., Blanchard, A. A., "Nickel Carbonyl. A Study of the Mechanism of its Formation from Nickel Sulfide and Carbon Monoxide", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 55(5), 1933, pp. 1877-1883.

 

Winkler, D. R., "Fischer-Tropsch-Mitteldruck-Synthese an Eisenkontakten mit Zeolithen ZSM 11, L, Mordenit und Erionit (Fischer-Tropsch-medium pressure synthesis with zeolite ZSM-5, L, mordenite and erionite)", Dissertation RWTH, Aachen, 1990.

 

Winkler, K., Kastanek, F., Kratochvil, J., "Influence of liquid properties on mass transfer coefficients in bubble columns", Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 53(4), 1988, pp. 763-770.

 

Winograd, N., Garrison, B. J., Fleisch, T., Delgass, W. N., Harrison, D. E. Jr., "Particle ejection from ion-bombarded clean and reacted single-crystal surfaces", J. Vac. Sci. Tech., 16(2), 1979, pp. 629-634.

 

Winslow, J. C., "Coal-Derived Liquid Fuels: An Option to Help Meet a Growing Demand", ACS Div. Fuel Chem. Prepr., 49(2), 2004, p. 728.

 

Winslow, P., Bell, A. T., "Application of transient response techniques for quantitative determination of adsorbed carbon monoxide and carbon present on the surface of Ruthenium catalyst during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis", J. Catal., 86, 1984, p. 158-172.

 

 

Winslow, P., Bell, A. T., "Studies of carbon-and hydrogen -containing adspecies persent during CO hydrogenation over unsupported Ru, Ni, and Rh", J. Catal., 94, 1985, p. 385.

 

Winslow, P., Bell, A. T., "Studies of surface coverage of unsupported Ruthenium by carbon and hydrogen containing adspecies during CO-hydrogenation", J. Catal., 91, 1985, p. 142.

 

Winter, B. J., Klots, T. D., Parks, E. K., Riley, S. J., "Adsorbate Binding Energies For Ammonia On Cobalt And Nickel Clusters", Z. Phys. D, 19, 1991, pp. 381-384.

 

Winterson, R. H. S., “A simple method of predicting bubble size in bubble columns”, Chem. Eng. Proc., 33(1), 1994, pp. 1-5.

 

Wise, H., "ACS meeting symposium overview. Catalysis in synthesis gas conversions", ACS Div. Pet. Chem. Prepr., 25(2), 1980, pp. 406-407.

 

Wise, H., McCarty, J., "Thermodynamic properties of surface carbon on ruthenium", Surf. Sci., 133(1), 1983, pp. 311-320.

 

Wise, H., McCarty, J., Oudar, J., "Sulfur and carbon interactions with metal surfaces", in "Deactivation and Poisoning of Catalysts" (J. Oudar, H. Wise, eds.), Marcel Dekker, 1985, chapter 1.

 

Wisecarver, K. D., “Characterization and modeling of gas-liquid-solid fluidized-bed reactors”, Ph. D. Thesis, Ohio State University, Columbus, 1987.

 

Wisecarver, K. D., Fan, L.-S., "Optimum particle size in a gas-liquid-solid fluidized-bed catalytic reactor", Chem. Eng. Sci., 43(10), 1988, pp. 2741-2750.

 

Wiser, W. H., Anderson, L. L., "Transformation of solids to liquid fuels", Annual Rev. Phys. Chem., 26, 1975, pp. 339-357. 

 

Wiswanathan, B., Gupta Balaji, R., "Adsorption studies in relation to fischer tropsch synthesis", Hung. J. Ind. Chem., 7(4), 1979, p. 447.

 

Withers, H. P., Jr., Eliezer, K. F., Mitchell, J. W., "Slurry-phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and kinetic studies over supported cobalt carbonyl derived catalysts", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 29(9), 1990, pp. 1807-1814.

 

Wöhler, F., Steiner, R., “Zur Dimensionierung von technischen Blasensäulenreaktoren”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 42(7), 1970, pp. 481-488.

 

Wohlers, M., Herzog, B., Belz, T., Bauer, A., Braun, T., Schlogl, R., Ruhle, T., “Ruthenium C60 compounds: Properties and catalytic potential”, Synthetic Metals, 77(1-3), 1996, pp. 55-58.

 

Wohlrab, S., Ehrlich, D., Wambach, J., Kuhlenbeck, H., Freund, H.-J., “Promoter action of alkali in the activation of CO2 on Pd(111): A HREELS case study”, Surf. Sci., 220(2-3), 1989, pp. 243-252.

 

Woinsky, S. G., "Kinetics of Thermal Cracking of High Molecular Weight Normal Paraffins", Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev., 7(4), 1968, pp. 529-538.

 

Wojchiechowski, B. W., "Economics of carbon processing", Hydrocarbon Proc., 58(7), 1979, pp. 105-110.

 

Wojchiechowski, B. W., "Kinetics of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis", Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng., 30, 1988, pp. 629-702.

 

Wojtania, J., Marquardt, M., "General aspects of replacement of petrochemical raw materials by coal", Przegl. Chem., 60(3), 1981, pp. 68-71.

 

Wolczanski, P. T., Bercaw, J. E., "Mechanisms of carbon monoxide reduction with zirconium hydrides", Acc. Chem. Res., 13(4), 1980, pp. 121-127.

 

Wolff, C., “Untersucheungen mit Mehrkanal-Mikrosonden zum Einfluss suspendierter Festoffe auf die Hydrodynamik in Blasensaulen-Reaktoren fur Chemie und Biotechnologie”, Thesis, Technische Hochschule Aachen, Germany, 1989.

 

Wolff, C., Briegleb, F. U., Bader, J., Hektor, K., Hammer, H., "Measurements with Multi-point Microprobes: : Effect of suspended solids on the hydrodynamics of bubble columns for application in chemical and biotechnological processes ," Chem. Eng. Tech., 13, 1990, pp. 172-184.

 

Wolff, C., Briegleb, F. U., Bader, J., Hektor, K., Hammer, H., “Untersuchungen mit mehrkanaligen Mikrosonden zum Einfluß suspendierter Feststoffpartikeln auf die Hydrodynamik von Blasensäulen in Chemie und Biotechnologie”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 62(6), 1990, pp. 516-517.

 

Wolff, C., Hammer, H., "Analyse lokaler hydrodynamischer Funktionen in dreiphasigen Blasensäulen mit Mikrosonden (Analysis of local hydrodynamic functions in threephase bubble columns by means of microprobe)", Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 61, 1989, pp. 430-436.

 

Wolter, K., Seiferth, O., Baumer, M., Kuhlenbeck, H., Freund, H.-J., “Infrared spectroscopic investigation of CO adsorbed on Pd aggregates deposited on an alumina model support”, Surf. Sci., 399(2-3), 1998, pp. 190-198.

 

Wolter, K., Seiferth, O., Libuda, J., Kuhlenbeck, H., Baumer, M., Freund, H.-J., “Infrared study of CO adsorption on alumina supported palladium particles”, Surf. Sci., 402-404, 1998, pp. 428-432.

 

Wolter, K., Seiferth, O., Libuda, J., Kuhlenbeck, H., Baumer, M., Freund, H.-J., “IR spectroscopy of a Pd-carbonyl surface compound”, Chem. Phys. Lett., 277(5-6), 1997, pp. 513-520.

 

Won, K. W., "Thermodynamics for solid solution-liquid-vapor equilibria: wax phase formation from heavy hydrocarbon mixtures", Fluid Phase Equ., 30, 1986, pp. 265-279.

 

Won, K. W., “Thermodynamic calculation of cloud point temperatures and wax phase compositions of refined hydrocarbon mixtures”, Fluid Phase Equ., 53, 1989, pp. 377-396.

 

Wong, A., Atwood, J. D., "Hydridic reductions of carbon monoxide to hydrocarbons on iron complexes", J. Organomet. Chem., 199(1), 1980, pp. C9-C12.

 

Wong, A., Atwood, J. D., "Investigation of the mechanism of hydridic reductions of carbon