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Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels - 1993 - January 1995

DOE, Energy Information Administration

In this pdf format, this document has 99 pages and is 6.86MB.

Table of Contents

Executive Summary vii

1

 Introduction 1
  Purpose of Report 1
Scope of Report 1
Data Sources and Quality 2
Contents of Report 3

2

 Alternative Fueled Vehicle Inventory 5
  Background 5
  Types of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Alternative Fueled Vehicles 7
  Estimated Vehicle Stocks in 1992, 1993, and 1995 7
Estimation Methods and Data Sources 7
Alternative Fueled Vehicles by Fuel Type, Ownership, Weight Class, 1992 7
Regional Distribution of AFV's for 1993 and 1995 10
Trends in Alternative Fueled Vehicle Inventories, 1992 to 1995 11
  Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Vehicles 11
Compressed Natural Gas (LPG) Vehicles 11
Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) Vehicles 12
Methanol (M85) Vehicles 13
Methanol Neat (M100) Vehicles 13
Ethanol (E85) Vehicles 13
Ethanol (E95) Vehicles 13
Electric Vehicles 14

3

 Alternative and Replacement Fuel Consumption 17
  Background 17
Estimated Vehicle Fuel Consumption in 1992, 1993, and 1995 17
  Estimation Methods 17
Alternative Fuel Consumption by Fuel Type, Vehicle Ownership, and Weight Class, 1992 17
  Fuel Consumption by Weight Class 20
Federal Alternative Fuel Consumption 20
State and Local Government Alternative Fuel Consumption 20
Privately Owned Alternative Fueled Vehicle Consumption 21
Oxygenate Consumption in 1992 21
Alternative Fuel Consumption Estimates by Fuel Type, and by Vehicle Ownership and Weight Class, 1993 and 1995 22
  Fuel Consumption by Weight Class 22
Federal Fuel Consumption 22
State and Local Government Alternative Fuel Consumption 24
Privately Owned Alternative Fueled Vehicle Consumption 24
Oxygenate Consumption in 1993 and 1995 24
Regional Distribution of Alternative and Oxygenate Fuel Consumption for 1993 and 1995 25
  Alternative Fuels 25
  Oxygenates 26

4

 Greenhouse Gas Emissions 29
  Background 29
Emission Estimates 29
Direction of Future Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimates 33
Appendices

A

 U.S. Census Region Map 37

B

 Estimation Methods and Data Quality 39
C The Greenhouse Effect 45
D Fuel Cycle and Energy Efficiency Considerations 49
E Biomass Land-use Impacts on Greenhouse Gases 55
F List of Converters, Original Equipment Manufacturers, and Training Centers 57

Glossary

 83
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Estimated Alternative Fueled Vehicles in Use by Fuel, 1992, 1993, and 1995 8
Table 2 Estimated Methods and Sources for Privately Owned and State and Local Government Vehicle Counts 9
Table 3 Estimated Alternative Fueled Vehicles in Use by Fuel, Ownership, and Weight Class, 1992 10
Table 4 Estimated Alternative Fueled Vehicles in Use by Fuel, Ownership, and Weight Class, 1993 11
Table 5 Projected Alternative Fueled Vehicles in Use by Fuel, Ownership, and Weight Class, 1995 12
Table 6 Estimated Privately Owned and State and Local Government Alternative Fueled Vehicles in Use by Census Region, 1993 14
Table 7 Projected Privately Owned and State and Local Government Alternative Fueled Vehicles in Use by Census Region, 1993 14
Table 8 Consumption of Vehicle Fuels, 1992, 1993, and 1995 18
Table 9 Consumption of Vehicle Fuels, 1992 19
Table 10 Consumption of Alternative Fuels by Vehicle Weight Classification, 1992 20
Table 11 Consumption of Alternative Fuels by Vehicle Ownership Class, 1992 21
Table 12 Consumption of Alternative Fuels by Vehicle Ownership Class, 1992 21
Table 13 Consumption of Alternative Fuels by Vehicle Weight Classification, 1993 and 1995 24
Table 14 Consumption of Alternative Fuels by Vehicle Ownership Class, 1993 and 1995 25
Table 15 Non-Federal Consumption of Liquefied Petroleum Gases and Natural Gas by Region, 1993 and 1995 27
Table 16 Consumption of Alcohol Fuels by Region, 1993 and 1995 27
Table 17 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions per Vehicles Mile 30
Table 18 Methane (CH4) Emissions per Vehicle Mile 31
Table 19 Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Emissions per Vehicle Mile 32
Table 20 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Emissions per Vehicle Mile 33
Table 21 Carbon Monoxide (CO) Emissions per Vehicle Mile 34
Table 22 Total Fuel-Cycle Emissions from Gasoline and from Alternative and Replacement Fuels 35
Table B1 Alternative Fueled Vehicles Distribution by Vehicle, Fuel, Ownership, and Classification, 1995 41
Table B2 Typical Conventional Vehicle Characteristics 42
Table B3 Original and Adjusted Lower Heating Values of Conventional and Replacement Fuels 43
Table C1 Direct Global Warming Potentials 48
Table D1 Energy Efficiency for Stages in Providing Transportation Fuels to Consumers 52
Table D2 Energy Consumption for Stages in Providing Transportation Fuels to Consumers 53
Table F1 Companies Performing Conversions by State 59
Table F2 Original Equipment Manufacturers by State 77
Table F3 Training Centers by State 80

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Alternative Fuel Vehicle Configurations and Fuel Types 6
Figure D1 Entire Fuel Cycle for Transportation Fuels 55