|
Executive Summary |
ES-1 |
8 |
|
Introduction and Methodology |
1 |
11 |
|
1. |
Section 1 Fluidized Catalytic Cracking |
1 |
12 |
|
1.1 |
Introduction and Methodology |
1-1 |
12 |
|
1.2 |
Technology Background |
1-2 |
13 |
|
1.3 |
Process Descriptions and Design Assumptions |
1-3 |
14 |
|
1.3.1 |
Large Scale (Side-by-Side) FCC |
1-8 |
19 |
|
1.3.2 |
Small Scale (Stacked) FCC |
1-10 |
22 |
|
1.4 |
Operating Costs and Utility Requirements |
1-12 |
23 |
|
2. |
Section 2 Natural Gas Reforming |
2-1 |
24 |
|
2.1 |
Introduction and Methodology |
2-1 |
24 |
|
2.2 |
Technology Background |
2-1 |
24 |
|
2.3 |
Process Description and Design Assumptions |
2-1 |
24 |
|
|
2.3.1 |
Small Scale SMR Design |
2-2 |
25 |
|
|
2.3.2 |
Large Scale SMR Design |
2-8 |
31 |
|
2.4 |
Operating Costs and Utility Requirements |
2-14 |
37 |
|
3. |
Section 3 Natural Gas Liquid Expanders |
3-1 |
38 |
|
3.1 |
Introduction and Methodology |
3-1 |
38 |
|
3.2 |
Technology Background |
3-1 |
38 |
|
3.3 |
Process Descriptions and Design Assumptions |
3-3 |
40 |
|
3.3.1 |
Small Scale NGL Expander Design |
3-3 |
40 |
|
3.3.2 |
Large Scale NGL Expander Design |
3-9 |
46 |
|
3.4 |
Operating Costs and Utility Requirements |
3-14 |
51 |
|
4. |
Section 4 Summary and Conclusions |
4-1 |
53 |
|
5. |
Appendix A Technology Evaluations |
A-1 |
56 |
|
5.1 |
Refinery Processes |
A-1 |
56 |
|
5.2 |
Claus Sulfur Recovery |
A-5 |
60 |
|
5.3 |
Natural Gas Reforming |
A-7 |
62 |
|
5.4 |
Methanol from Natural Gas |
A-9 |
64 |
|
5.5 |
Ammonia Production |
A-11 |
66 |
|
5.6 |
Gas-To-Liquids |
A-13 |
68 |
|
5.7 |
Natural Gas Liquids Expanders |
A-13 |
68 |
|
5.8 |
Cryogenic Oxygen Plants |
A-16 |
71 |
|
5.9 |
Ethylene and other Olefins Production |
A-18 |
73 |
