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Hydrogen and Other Synthetic Fuels. A Summary of the Work of the Synthetic Fuels Panel - 1972

U.S. Atomic Energy Commission

Table of Contents 90kb

Section 1
295kb

1

 Introduction 1

2

 Summary and Conclusions 5
  2.1 Major Findings 6
2.2 Critical Related Issues 7
Section 2
601kb		 2.3 Conclusions 10
2.4 Summary of Recommended Research and Development 15

3

 Production of Synthetic Fuels 18
 

3.1

 Hydrogen 18
  3.1.1 Water electrolysis 18
Section 3
493kb		 3.1.2 Thermochemical and radiolytic means for production of hydrogen as a fuel 29
3.1.3 Biological production of hydrogen and other synthetic fuels 37
3.1.4 Combination production systems 38

3.2

 Other Synthetic Fuels 39
  3.2.1 Ammonia 41
3.2.2 Methanol 42
Section 4
579kb		 3.2.3 Hydrazine 45
3.2.4 Methane and mixed hydrocarbons from wastes 48
3.2.5 Fuels via intensive agriculture 51

3.3

 Use of Coal as an Interim Source of Synthetic Fuels 52
  3.3.1 Hydrogen 52
Section 5
504kb		 3.3.2 Methanol 64

4

 Storage and Transportation of Synthetic Fuels 68
  4.1 Storage of Fuels 68
4.2 Transportation of Fuels 73
4.3 Safety 76
4.4 Research and Development 77

5

 Use of Synthetic Fuels 78
 

5.1

 Hydrogen 78
  5.1.1 Industrial uses of hydrogen 78
Section 6
734kb		 5.1.2 Urban uses of hydrogen 83
5.1.3 Use of hydrogen fuel for transportation systems 84
5.1.4 Use of hydrogen for electrical generation 90

5.2

 Potential for Utilization of Synthetic Fuels Other Than Hydrogen 100
  5.2.1 Utilization as a transportation fuel 101
5.2.2 Battery vehicles as a reference standard 103
5.2.3 Residential and industrial fuels 105
5.2.4 Fuels for electricity generation 105
Section 7
629kb

6

 Systems Analysis 108
  6.1 Unit Energy Cost Comparisons 110
6.2 Hydrogen for Peak Shaving 117
6.3 Resource, Economic, and Environmental Perturbations for Hydrogen System Implementation 119
References 126
Appendix 131