| Return to Literature References Table of Contents Literature ReferencesFebruary 16, 2005 - Literature Reference Updates   Abel, E. W., Stone, F. G. A., “The chemistry of 
transition-metal carbonyls: synthesis and reactivity”, Q. Rev. Chem. Soc., 1970, 
pp. 498-552.
 Abrevaya, H., Targos, W. M., Robota, H. J., Cohn, M. J., “Metal particle size 
effects in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with supported ruthenium catalysts”, Stud. 
Surf. Sci. Catal., 38, 1988, pp. 97-114.
 
 Adesina, A. A., “Application Of Periodic Operation To The Fischer-Tropsch 
Synthesis Of Hydrocarbons”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Waterloo (Canada), 
1986.
 
 Agee, M., “Economic gas to liquids: a new tool for the energy industry”, Stud. 
Surf. Sci. Catal., 119, 1998, pp. 931-936.
 
 Agosta, A., “Development of a chemical surrogate for JP-8 aviation fuel using a 
pressurized flow reactor”, Ph. D. Thesis, Drexel University, 2002.
 
 Agrawal, P. K., Fitzharris, W. D., Katzer, J. R., “Sulfur poisoning and carbon 
deactivation of alumina-supported Ni, Co, Fe, and Ru catalysts in CO 
hydrogenation”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 6, 1980, pp. 179-200.
 
 Ahon, V. R., Costa, E. F., Monteagudo, J. E. P., Fontes, C. E., Biscaia, E. C., 
Lage, P. L. C., “A comprehensive mathematical model for the Fischer-Tropsch 
synthesis in well-mixed slurry reactors”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 60(3), 2005, pp. 
677-694.
 
 Akbarnejad, M. M., Oskooie, M., Gharanfoli, M., “Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis of 
Hydrocarbons Using Iron-Mordenite Catalysts”, Iranian J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 
10(1), 1991, pp.
 
 Akhmedov, V. M., Al-Khowaiter, S. H., Akhmedov, E., Sadikhov, A., “Low 
temperature hydrocracking of hydrocarbons on Ni-supported catalysts”, Appl. 
Catal. A, 181(1), 1999, pp. 51-61.
 
 Al-Ameeri, R. S., Owaysi, F. A., “An improved process for purification of liquid 
n-paraffins by selective adsorption on type X zeolites”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 
28(6), 1989, pp. 809-813.
 
 Al-Masry, W. A., Al-Dughaither, A. A., Al-Samari, T. A., “Relationship between 
Riser and Downcomer Gas Holdups in Semi-batch Circulating Bubble Columns”, Can. 
J. Chem. Eng., 82(3), 2004, pp. 607-612.
 
 Albal, R. S., “Mass Transfer, Power Consumption And Suspension Characteristics 
Of Surface Aerated Two And Three Phase Agitated Contactors”, Ph. D. Thesis, 
University o Pittsburgh, 1983.
 
 Alberty, R. A., “Extrapolation of standard chemical thermodynamic properties of 
alkene isomer groups to higher carbon numbers”, J. Phys. Chem., 87(24), 1983, 
pp. 4999-5002.
 
 Alexandrou, M., Nix, R. M., “The growth, structure and stability of ceria 
overlayers on Pd(111)”, Surf. Sci., 321(1-2), 1994, pp. 47-57.
 
 Alexeev, O. S., Gates, B. C., “Supported Bimetallic Cluster Catalysts”, Ind. 
Eng. Chem. Res., 42(8), 2003, pp. 1571-1587.
 
 Alexiev, V. D., Binsted, N., Evans, J., Greaves, G. N., Price, R. J., “On the 
chemisorption of [Ru3(CO)12] and [Os3(CO)12] on silica and alumina”, J. Chem. 
Soc. Chem. Commun., 1987, pp. 395-397.
 
 Alves, S. S., Orvalho, S. P., Vasconcelos, J. M. T., “Effect of bubble 
contamination on rise velocity and mass transfer”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 60(1), 2004, 
pp. 1-9.
 
 Anderson, J. A., Fernandez-Garca, M., Haller, G. L., “Surface and Bulk 
Characterisation of Metallic Phases Present during CO Hydrogenation over Pd-Cu/KL 
Zeolite Catalysts”, J. Catal., 164(2), 1996, pp. 477-483.
 
 Anderson, J. A., Khader, M. M., “A high pressure, high temperature infrared 
study of CO hydrogenation over Rh/ZrO2”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 105(3), 1996, pp. 
175-179.
 
 Anderson, J. E., Slichter, W. P., “Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Solid n-Alkanes”, 
J. Phys. Chem., 69(9), 1965, pp. 3099-3104.
 
 Anderson, J. S., “Chemistry of the metal carbonyls”, Q. Rev. Chem. Soc., 1947, 
pp. 331-357.
 
 Anderson, R. B., “Forty years with the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis”, Stud. Surf. 
Sci. Catal., 38, 1988, pp. 457-462.
 
 Anderson, R. B., “Catalysts for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis”, chapter 2 in 
“Catalysis – Volume IV” (P. H. Emmett, ed.), Reinhold Publishing, NY, 1956, pp. 
29-256.
 
 Anderson, R. B., “Kinetics and reaction mechanism of the Fischer-Tropsch 
synthesis”, chapter 3 in “Catalysis – Volume IV” (P. H. Emmett, ed.), Reinhold 
Publishing, NY, 1956, pp. 257-372.
 
 Anderson, R. B., “The thermodynamics of the hydrogenation of catbon monoxide and 
related reactions”, chapter 1 in “Catalysis – Volume IV” (P. H. Emmett, ed.), 
Reinhold Publishing, NY, 1956, pp. 1-28.
 
 Anderson, R. B., “Chain growth and iron nitrides in the Fischer-Tropsch 
synthesis”, in “Heterogeneous Catalysis – Selected Amercian Histories” (B. H. 
Davis and W. P. Hettinger, Jr., eds.), ACS Symp. Ser. 222, 1983, pp. 389-402.
 
 Anderson, R. B., Chan, Y.-C., “Chain growth in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: a 
computer simulation of a catalytic process”, chapter 9 in “Hydrocarbon Synthesis 
from Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen” (E. L. Kugler, F. W. Steffgen, eds.), ACS 
Adv. Chem. Ser. 178, 1979, pp. 113-128.
 
 Andersson, R., Andersson, B., Chopard, F., Norén, T., “Development of a 
multi-scale simulation method for design of novel multiphase reactors”, Chem. 
Eng. Sci., 59(22-23), 2004, pp. 4911-4917.
 
 Andersson, S., Persson, B. N. J., Gustafsson, T., Plummer, E. W., “Vibrational 
Excitation Cross Section for Adsorbed CO”, Solid State Comm., 34, 1980, p. 473.
 
 Ando, I., Inoue, Y., “The conformation of the unbranched paraffin chain C22H46 
in solution as studied by high pressure NMR”, Die Makromolek. Chem., 4(12), 
1983, pp. 753-757.
 
 Ando, I., Nishioka, A., “The proton chemical shifts and the conformations of the 
unbranched paraffin hydrocarbon C44H90 in solution”, Die Makromolek. Chem., 
176(10), 1975, pp. 3089-3101.
 
 Angeletti, C., Pepe, F., Porta, P., “Structure and catalytic activity of 
Co(x)Mg(1-x)Al2O4 spinel solid solutions. Part 2. Decomposition of N2O”, J. 
Chem. Soc. Far. Trans. 1, 1978, pp. 1595-1603.
 
 Antonsen, D. H., Hoffman, P. S., Stearns, R. S., “Preparation and Properties of 
Oligomers from 1-Octene”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 2(3), 1963, pp. 
224-228.
 
 Apelian, M. R., Baker, C. J., Jr., Degnan, T. F., “Production of high viscosity 
index lubricants”, Zeolites, 16(2-3), 1996, p. 219.
 
 Arai, T., Maruya, K., Domen, K., Onishi, T., “Strongly Adsorbed Species to Form 
Linear Hydrocarbons over Partially Reduced CeO2”, J. Catal., 141(2), 1993, pp. 
533-539.
 
 Arana, J., Homs, N., Sales, J., de la Piscina, P. R., “Bimetallic Pd-Zn 
silica-supported catalyst for CO hydrogenation. In situ DRIFT study”, J. Molec. 
Catal. A, 164(1-2), 2000, pp. 297-300.
 
 Archibald, R. C., Greensfelder, B. S., Holzman, G., Rowe, D. H., “Catalytic 
Hydrocracking of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 52(9), 1960, pp. 
745-750.
 
 Arcuri, K. B., “Activity And Selectivity Studies On Silica Supported Fischer-Tropsch 
Catalyst”, Ph. D. Thesis, Northwestern University, 1982.
 
 Arena, F., Frusteri, F., Parmaliana, A., “Alkali promotion of Ni/MgO catalysts”, 
Appl. Catal. A, 187(1), 1999, pp. 127-140.
 
 Arena, F., Spadaro, L., Di Blasi, O., Bonura, G., Frusteri, F., “Integrated 
Synthesis of Dimethyl-ether via CO2 Hydrogenation”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 
147, 2004, pp. 385-390.
 
 Arroyo, J. A. M., Martens, G. G., Froment, G. F., Marin, G. B., Jacobs, P. A., 
Martens, J. A., “Hydrocracking and isomerization of n-paraffin mixtures and a 
hydrotreated gasoil on Pt/ZSM-22: confirmation of pore mouth and key–lock 
catalysis in liquid phase”, Appl. Catal. A, 192(1), 2000, pp. 9-22.
 
 Asami, K., Zhang, Q.-W., Li, X.-H., Asaoka, S., Fujimoto, K., “Selective 
Synthesis of LPG from Synthesis Gas”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 
427-432.
 
 Atkinson, C. M. L., Richardson, M. J., “Phase behaviour of n-alkanes and 
polyethylene. A thermodynamic study”, Trans. Far. Soc., 1969, pp. 1749-1763.
 
 Atkinson, R. G., Storch, H. H., “Lubricating Oils from Ethylene”, Ind. Eng. 
Chem., 26(10), 1934, pp. 1120-1122.
 
 Avitabile, G., Tuzi, A., “Modeling the structure of chain-molecule liquids: A 
computer simulation of the n-alkanes C8-C30”, J. Polymer Sci. - Polymer Phys., 
21(11), 1983, pp. 2379-2387.
 
 Badri, A., Binet, C., Lavalley, J.-C., “Metal–support interaction in Pd/CeO2 
catalysts. Part 2. Ceria textural effects”, Far. Trans., 1996, pp. 1603-1608.
 
 Badyal, J. P. S., Nix, R. M., Rayment, T., Lambert, R. M., “Chemistry and 
catalysis at the metal/metal oxide interface”, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 
1989, pp. 121-132.
 
 Baerns, M., Bub, G., “Modelling of catalytic fixed bed reactors for Fischer-Tropsch-synthesis”, 
Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 7B, 1981, pp. 1438-1439.
 
 Baiker, A., “Utilization of carbon dioxide in heterogeneous catalytic 
synthesis”, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 14(12), 2000, pp. 751-762.
 
 Bailes, M., Bordiga, S., Stone, F. S., Zecchina, A., “UV reflectance and FTIR 
spectroscopic studies of CO adsorption and reaction on lanthanum oxide”, Far. 
Trans., 1996, pp. 4675-4682.
 
 Bailey, W. A., Jr., Bannerot, R. A., Fetterly, L. C., Smith, A. G., “Urea 
Extractive Crystallization of Straight-Chain Hydrocarbons”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 
43(9), 1951, pp. 2125-2129.
 
 Bair, W. G., Leppin, D., Lee, A. L., “Design and operation of catalytic 
methanation in the HYGAS pilot plant”, ACS Adv. Chem. Ser., 146, 1975, pp. 
123-137.
 
 Ballivet-Tkatchenko, D., Chau, N. D., Mozzanega, H., Roux, M. C., Tkatchenko, 
I., “Chain-length control in the conversion of syngas over carbonyl compounds 
anchored into a zeolite matrix”, chapter 12 in “Catalytic Activation of Carbon 
Monoxide”, ACS Symp. Ser. 152, 1981, pp. 187-201.
 
 Baltanas, M. A., Froment, G. F., “Computer generation of reaction networks and 
calculation of product distributions in the hydroisomerization and hydrocracking 
of paraffins on Pt-containing bifunctional catalysts”, Comp. & Chem. Eng., 9(1), 
1985, pp. 71-81.
 
 Baltanas, M. A., Van Raemdonck, K. K., Froment, G. F., Mohedas, S. R., 
“Fundamental kinetic modeling of hydroisomerization and hydrocracking on noble 
metal-loaded faujasites. 1. Rate parameters for hydroisomerization”, Ind. Eng. 
Chem. Res., 28(7), 1989, pp. 899-910.
 
 Barghi, S., Prakash, A., Margaritis, A., Bergougnou, M. A., “Flow Regime 
Identification in a Slurry Bubble Column from Gas Holdup and Pressure 
Fluctuations Analysis”, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 82(5), 2004, pp. 865-870.
 
 Bargigli, S., Raugei, M., Ulgiati, S., “Comparison of thermodynamic and 
environmental indexes of natural gas, syngas and hydrogen production processes”, 
Energy, 29(12-15), 2004, pp. 2145-2159.
 
 Barrault, J., Probst, L., “Synthesis of higher alcohols from syngas over Ni-Mo 
catalysts. Effect of methanol or ethylene”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 61, 1991, 
pp. 349-356.
 
 Barrault, J., Probst, L., Alouche, A., Percheron-Guegan, A., Paul-Boncour, V., 
Primet, M., “Characterization and catalytic properties of nickel oxide supported 
on rate earth oxides. Description of the metal-support interaction”, Stud. Surf. 
Sci. Catal., 61, 1991, pp. 357-366.
 
 Barrault, J., Rassoul, Z., Bettahar, M. M., “Promoting effects on catalytic 
properties of Cu/TiO2 in carbon oxides conversion”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 61, 
1991, pp. 367-374.
 
 Bartholomew, C. H., Katzer, J. R., “Sulfur Poisoning of Nickel in CO 
Hydrogenation”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 6, 1980, pp. 375-396.
 
 Basini, L., Patrini, R., Aragno, A., Gates, B. C., “Rhodium carbonyl clusters in 
NaY zeolite made basic by treatment with sodium azide: Characterization by 
infrared spectroscopy”, J. Molec. Catal., 70(1), 1991, pp. 29-42.
 
 Basinska, A., Kepinski, L., Domka, F., “The effect of support on WGSR activity 
of ruthenium catalysts”, Appl. Catal. A, 183(1), 1999, pp. 143-153.
 
 Batenin, V. M., Kagan, D. N., Lapidus, A. L., Pekhota, F. N., Radchenko, M. N., 
Sedyk, A. D., Shpilrain, E. E., “Short-stage technology of synthetic diesel and 
jet fuels production from natural gas for small-scale installations of 
low-pressure”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 119, 1998, pp. 901-906.
 
 Bauer, J. V., Brian, B. W., Butter, S. A., Dyer, P. N., Parsons, R. L., 
Pierantozzi, R., “Some aspects of the slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch process”, in 
“Catalytic Conversion of Synthesis Gas and Alcohols to Chemicals” (R. G. Herman, 
ed.), Plenum Press, NY, 1984, pp. 129-150.
 
 Baurle, G., Guse, K., Lohrengel, M., Papp, H., “Conversion of syngas to aromatic 
hydrocarbons on cobalt-manganese-zeolite catalysts”, in “New Frontiers in 
Catalysis – Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Catalysis, 
Budapest, 19-24 July, 1992” (L. Guczi, et al., eds.), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 
1993, Part C, pp. 2789-2792.
 
 Bazin, D., Guczi, L., “A Review of in situ XAS Study on Co-Based Bimetallic 
Catalysts Relevant to CO Hydrogenation”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 
343-348.
 
 Bedel, L., Roger, A. C., Rehspringer, J. L., Kiennemann, A., 
“Structure-Controlled La-Co-Fe Perovskite Precursors for Higher C2-C4 Olefins 
Selectivity in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, 
pp. 319-324.
 
 Behm, R. J., Christmann, K., Ertl, G., Van Hove, M. A., Weinberg, W. H., 
“Chemisorption geometry of hydrogen on a Ni(111) surface”, Surf. Sci., 89(1-3), 
1979, pp. 403.
 
 Behm, R. J., Ertl, G., Penka, V., “Adlayer geometry and structural effects in 
the CO/Ni(110) system”, Surf. Sci. Lett., 160(2), 1985, pp. 387-399.
 
 Beiny, D. H. M., Mullin, J. W., “Solubilities of higher normal alkanes in m-xylene”, 
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 32(1), 1987, pp. 9-10.
 
 Bell, A. T., “Mechanisms of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis”, in “Heterogeneous 
Catalysis - Proceedings of the Research Symposia of the Industry-University 
Cooperative Chemistry Program” (B. L. Shapiro, et al., eds.), Texas A&M 
University Press, College Station, 1984, pp. 211-229.
 
 Bell, A. T., “The influence of metal oxides on the activity and selectivity of 
transition metal catalysts”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 100(1-3), 1995, pp. 1-11.
 
 Bendler, J. T., “Phenomenology of Short-Range Order in n-Alkane Liquids”, 
Macromolecules, 10(1), 1977, pp. 162-168.
 
 Benítez, J. J., Carrizosa, I., Odriozola, J. A., “Mass spectrometry and in situ 
infrared diffuse reflectance analysis of the decomposition of HCOOH adsorbed on 
Ln2O3-promoted Rh/Al2O3 catalysts”, Far. Trans., 1993, pp. 3307-3312.
 
 Benn, F. R., Edewor, J. O., McAuliffe, C. A., “Coal conversion processes”, 
chapter 1 in “Production and Utilization of Synthetic Fuels – an Energy Economic 
Study”, Applie Science Publishers, London, 1981, pp. 19-37.
 
 Benn, F. R., Edewor, J. O., McAuliffe, C. A., “Evaluation of GER for Fischer-Tropsch 
Processes”, appendix A4 in “Production and Utilization of Synthetic Fuels – an 
Energy Economic Study”, Applie Science Publishers, London, 1981, pp. 189-190.
 
 Bennett, C. O., “Understanding heterogeneous catalysis through the transient 
method”, in “Catalysis Under Transient Conditions” (A. T. Bell, L. L. Hegedus, 
eds.), ACS Symp. Ser. 178, 1982, pp. 1-32.
 
 Bercik, P. G., Metzger, K. J., Swift, H. E., “Oligomerization of C3-C4 Olefins 
Using a Novel Nickel-Aluminosilicate Catalyst”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 
17(3), 1978, pp. 214-219.
 
 Beretta, A., Micheli, E., Tagliabue, L., Tronconi, E., “Development of a Process 
for Higher Alcohol Production via Synthesis Gas”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 37(10), 
1998, pp. 3896-3908.
 
 Berko, A., Biro, T., Solymosi, F., “Formation and Migration of Carbon Produced 
in the Dissociation of CO on Rh/TiO2(110)-(1×2) Model Catalyst: A Scanning 
Tunneling Microscopy Study”, J. Phys. Chem. B., 104(11), 2000, pp. 2506-2510.
 
 Berko, A., Menesi, G., Solymosi, F., “Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study of the 
CO-Induced Structural Changes of Rh Crystallites Supported by TiO2(110)”, J. 
Phys. Chem., 100(45), 1996, pp. 17732-17734.
 
 Bernal, S., Calvino, J. J., Cauqui, M. A., Gatica, J. M., Larese, C., Perez Omil, 
J. A., Pintado, J. M., “Some recent results on metal/support interaction effects 
in NM/CeO2 (NM: noble metal) catalysts”, Catal. Today, 50(2), 1999, pp. 175-206.
 
 Berne-Allen, A., Jr., Lincoln T. Work, L. T., “Solubility of Refined Paraffin 
Waxes in Petroleum Fractions”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 30(7), 1938, pp. 806-812.
 
 Bertola, F., Baldi, G., Marchisio, D., Vanni, M., “Momentum transfer in a swarm 
of bubbles: estimates from fluid-dynamic simulations”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 
59(22-23), 2004, pp. 5209-5215.
 
 Bezemer, G. L., van Laak, A., van Dillen, A. J., de Jong, K. P., “Cobalt 
Supported on Carbon Nanofibers - A Promising Novel Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst”, 
Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 259-264.
 
 Bhatia, V. K., Mittal, K. G., Mehrotra, R. P., Mehrotra, M., “Hydrocarbon fuels 
from biomass”, Fuel, 68(4), 1989, pp. 475-479.
 
 Bhattacharjee, S., “Thermal behavior of a slurry reactor: application to 
Fischer-Tropsch reaction”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 1985.
 
 Bian, G.-Z., Fu, Y.-I., Yamada, M., “Reaction stability and structure studies of 
sulfided K-MoO3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for the synthesis of mixed alcohols”, Appl. 
Catal. A, 144(1-2), 1996, pp. 79-91.
 
 Bian, G.-Z., Fu, Y.-L., Ma, Y.-S., “Structure of Co-K-Mo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts and 
their catalytic activity for mixed alcohols synthesis”, Catal. Today, 51(1), 
1999, pp. 187-193.
 
 Bianchi, C. L., Ardizzone, S., Ragaini, V., “Synthesis gas to branched 
hydrocarbons: a comparison between Ru-based catalysts supported on ETS-10 and on 
Al2O3 (doped with suphated zirconia)”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 119, 1998, pp. 
173-178.
 
 Bidd, I., Whiting, M. C., “The synthesis of pure n-paraffins with chain-lengths 
between one and four hundred”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1985, pp. 543-544.
 
 Bjerregaard, A. P., “Crystallizing Point of Paraffin Wax”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 
17(5), 1925, pp. 507-507.
 
 Bjerregaard, A. P., “Effect of Paraffin Wax on the Properties of Mineral Oils”, 
Ind. Eng. Chem., 14(3), 1922, pp. 215-216.
 
 Blackmond, D. G., Kesraoui, S., “The effects of alkali promoters on the 
adsorptive properties of supported Rh catalysts”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 38, 
1988, pp. 33-42.
 
 Blanchard, A. A., “Valence Relations among the Metal Carbonyls”, Chem. Rev., 
26(3), 1940, pp. 409-422.
 
 Blanchard, A. A., Gilmont, P., “Preparation of Cobalt Carbonyl, Cobalt Nitrosyl 
Carbonyl and Cobalt Carbonyl Hydride by the Cyanide Method”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 
62(5), 1940, pp. 1192-1193.
 
 Blanchard, A. A., Windsor, M. M., “The Significance of the Hydrides of the 
Carbonyls of Iron and Cobalt”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 56(4), 1934, pp. 826-827.
 
 Blanchard, M., Vanhove, D., Petit, F., Mortreux, A., “Cobalt catalysts for the 
liquid phase synthesis of light olefins from CO and H2”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. 
Commun., 1980, pp. 908-909.
 
 Bleiler, R. J., “An Angle-Resolved Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Investigation 
Of Adsorbate Structure On Single Crystal Metal Surfaces”, Ph. D. Thesis, 
Pennsylvania State University, 1984.
 
 Blet, V., Berne, P., Legoupil, S., Vitart, X., “Radioactive Tracing as Aid for 
Diagnosing Chemical Reactors”, Rev. IFP, 55(2), 2000, pp. 171-183.
 
 Blouri, B., Hamdan, F., Herault, D., “Mild cracking of high-molecular-weight 
hydrocarbons”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev., 24(1), 1985, pp. 30-37.
 
 Blum, D. B., Sherwin, M. B., Frank, M. E., “Liquid-phase methanation of high 
concentration CO synthesis gas”, ACS Adv. Chem. Ser., 146, 1975, pp. 149-159.
 
 Blyholder, G., “Metal-support interaction: A theoretical approach”, J. Molec. 
Catal. A, 119(1-3), 1997, pp. 11-17.
 
 Blyholder, G., Shihabi, D., “Alkyl migration reactions on cobalt and mickel 
observed by infrared spectroscopy”, in “Proceedings of the Sixth Internation 
Congress on Catalysis” (G. C. Bond, et al., eds.), Chemical Society, London, 
1977, pp. 440-446.
 
 Boccuzzi, F., Guglielminotti, E., Chiorino, A., “Effects of structural defects 
and alloying on the FTIR spectra of CO adsorbed on Pt/ZnO”, Surf. Sci., 
368(1-3), 1996, pp. 264-269.
 
 Boccuzzi, F., Guglielminotti, E., Pinna, F., Strukul, G., “Surface composition 
and reactivity of bimetallic Au-Pt/ZrO2 samples”, Surf. Sci., 377-379, 1997, pp. 
728-734.
 
 Bogdan, C. E., Nunan, J. G., Santiesteban, J. G., Herman, R. G., Klier, K., 
“Deactivation studies of Cs/Cu/ZnO and alkali/MoS2 alcohol synthesis catalysts”, 
Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 38, 1988, pp. 745-750.
 
 Bogild Hansen, J., Joensen, F., “High conversion of synthesis gas into 
oxygenates”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 61, 1991, pp. 457-468.
 
 Boistelle, R., Madsen, H. E. L., “Solubility of long-chain n-alkanes in 
petroleum ether”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 23(1), 1978, pp. 28-29.
 
 Bond, G. C., “The hydrogenation of the oxides of carbon, and the Fischer-Tropsch 
synthesis”, chapter 15 in “Catalysis by Metals”, Academic Press, London, 1962, 
pp. 353-370.
 
 Bonivardi, A., Pistonesi, C., Menghini1, M., Juan, A., “CO on Pd(100)/SiO2: a 
computational study of the effect of CaO on the energetics of adsorption”, 
Comput. Mater. Sci., 18(1), 2000, pp. 39-47.
 
 Bonzel, H. P., “Modellexperimente zur Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 
54(10), 1982, pp. 908-909.
 
 Boo, J.-H., Ahn, W.-S., “XPS Studies of CO Adsorption on Polycrystalline Nickel 
Surface”, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 9(6), 1988, 388-393.
 
 Bor, G., “Infrared spectroscopic studies on metal carbonyl compounds-III. 
Assignment of the totally symmetric C-O stretching bands of the metal carbonyls, 
with special respect to the spectra of tetracobalt-dodekacarbonyl and 
dicobalt-octacarbonyl”, Spectrochim. Acta, 19(7), 1963, pp. 1209-1224.
 
 Bordiga, S., Garrone, E., Lamberti, C., Zecchina, A., Areán, C. O., Kazansky, V. 
B., Kustov, L. M., “Comparative IR-spectroscopic study of low-temperature H2 and 
CO adsorption on Na zeolites”, Far. Trans., 1994, pp. 3367-3372.
 
 Bowker, M., “Chemisorption and industrial catalytic processes”, Vacuum, 
33(10-12), 1983, pp. 669-685.
 
 Bowman, , J. R., Burk, H. S., “Sweating of Paraffin Wax”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 
41(9), 1949, pp. 2008-2012.
 
 Boz, I., Chadwick, D., Metcalfe, I. S., Zheng, K., “Potassium promotion of 
Cu-ZnO-Al2O3 catalysts for higher alcohol synthesis”, in “New Frontiers in 
Catalysis – Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Catalysis, 
Budapest, 19-24 July, 1992” (L. Guczi, et al., eds.), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 
1993, Part C, pp. 2785-2788.
 
 Brady, R.C. III, “Investigation of the reduction of carbon monoxide to 
hydrocarbons and methanol”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, 
1981.
 
 Bragg, L. B., “Rate of Cracking of Paraffin Wax”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 33(3), 1941, 
pp. 376-380.
 
 Braun, W., Steinrück, H.-P., Held, G., “The surface geometry of carbon monoxide 
and hydrogen co-adsorbed on Ni(111)”, Surf. Sci., 574(2-3), 2005, pp. 193-204.
 
 Braun, W., Steinrück, H.-P., Held, G., “The surface geometries of the medium and 
high coverage carbon monoxide structures c(2×4)–(2CO) and R 19°–(4CO) on 
Ni(111)”, Surf. Sci., 575(3), 2005, pp. 343-357.
 
 Breault, R., Hindermann, J. P., Kiennemann, A., Laurin, M., “CO + H2 reactions 
on rhodium catalysts: study of the reactivity and mechanism”, Stud. Surf. Sci. 
Catal., 38, 1988, pp. 489-496.
 
 Brenner, A., “Synthesis of highly dispersed catalysts of supported iron”, J. 
Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1979, pp. 251-251.
 
 Brey, W. S., Jr., Gammage, R. B., Virmani, Y. P., “Electron paramagnetic 
resonance studies of carbon monoxide absorbed on thorium oxide”, J. Phys. Chem., 
75(7), 1971, pp. 895-901.
 
 Bridger, G. W., Woodward, C., “Formulation and operation of methanation 
catalysts”, ACS Adv. Chem. Ser., 146, 1975, pp. 71-87.
 
 Bridger, G. W., Woodward, C., “Production of methanation catalysts”, in 
“Preparation of Catalysts – Scientific Bases for the Preparation of 
Heterogeneous Catalysts” (B. Delmon, et al., eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1976, 
pp. 331-341.
 
 Brill, J. R., “The role of DOE’s energy technology centers”, in “Coal conversion 
technology” (A. H. Pelofsky, ed.), ACS Symp Ser., 110, 1979, pp. 103-109.
 
 Brodskii, A. M., Lavrovskii, K. P., Rumyantsev, A. N., Timkin, V. N., Fish, Yu. 
L., “Producing higher α-olefins by high speed contact cracking of paraffinic 
petroleum derivatives”, Petrol. Chem. USSR. 4(4), 1965, pp. 335-343.
 
 Broussard, J. A., Wade, L. E., “Catalytic conversion of syn gas with perovskites”, 
ACS Div. Fuel Chem. Prepr., 31(3), 1986, pp. 75-82.
 
 Browarzik, D., Kehlen, H., “Hydrocracking process of n-alkanes by continuous 
kinetics”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 49(6), 1994, pp. 923-926.
 
 Bugyi, L., Solymosi, F., “Effects of Potassium on the Chemisorption of CO on the 
Mo2C/Mo(100) Surface”, J. Phys. Chem. B, 105(19), 2001, pp. 4337-4342.
 
 Bukur, D. B., Lang, X., “A precipitated iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst for 
synthesis gas conversion to liquid fuels”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 119, 1998, 
pp. 113-118.
 
 Bukur, D. B., Lang, X., Nowicki, L., “Activity and selectivity of iron Fischer-Tropsch 
catalysts in a stirred tank slurry reactor”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 107, 1997, 
pp. 163-168.
 
 Bulushev, D. A., Froment, G. F., “A DRIFTS study of the stability and reactivity 
of adsorbed CO species on a Rh/γ-Al2O3 catalyst with a very low metal content”, 
J. Molec. Catal. A, 139(1), 1999, pp. 63-72.
 
 Bunn, C. W., “The crystal structure of long-chain normal paraffin hydrocarbons. 
The shape of the -CH2 group”, Trans. Far. Soc., 1939, pp. 482-491.
 
 Burch, R., Flambard, A. R., “Ni/TiO2 catalysts. The role of the titania in 
providing active sites”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1981, pp. 123-124.
 
 Busse, W. F., Longworth, R., “Effect of molecular weight distribution and 
branching on the viscosity of polyethylene melts”, J. Polymer Sci., 58(166), 
1962, pp. 49-69.
 
 Caili, S., Dehua, H., Junrong, L., Zhenxing, C., Qiming, Z., “Influences of 
preparation parameters on the structural and catalytic performance of zirconia 
in isosynthesis”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 153(1-2), 2000, pp. 139-146.
 
 Calafat, A., Vivas, F., Brito1, J. L., “Effects of phase composition and of 
potassium promotion on cobalt molybdate catalysts for the synthesis of alcohols 
from CO2 and H2”, Appl. Catal. A, 172(2), 1998, pp. 217-224.
 
 Calingaert, G., Beatty, H. A., Kuder, R. C., Thomson, G. W., “Homologous Series 
of Alkanes”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 33(1), 1941, pp. 103-106.
 
 Campelo, J. M., Lafont, F., Marinas, J. M., “Hydroconversion of n-dodecane over 
Pt/SAPO-11 catalyst”, Appl. Catal. A, 170(1), 1998, pp. 139-144.
 
 Campos-Martin, J. M., Fierro, J. L. G., Guerrero-Ruiz, A., Herman, R. G., Klier, 
K., “Promoter Effect of Cesium on C-C Bond Formation during Alcohol Synthesis 
from CO/H2 over Cu/ZnO/Cr2O3Catalysts”, J. Catal., 163(2), 1996, pp. 418-428.
 
 Cannella, W. J., “Factors influencing kinetics and product distribution in 
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over iron catalysts”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of 
California, Berkeley, 1984.
 
 Cano, F. M., Gijzeman, O. L. J., de Groot, F. M. F., Weckhuysen, B. M., 
“Manganese Promotion in Cobalt-Based Fischer-Tropsch Catalysis”, Stud. Surf. Sci. 
Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 271-276.
 
 Cantor, R. S., Dill, K. A., “Statistical thermodynamic theory for the melting of 
n-alkanes from their rotator phases”, Macromolecules, 18(10), 1985, pp. 
1875-1882.
 
 Carati, A., Flego, C., Calemma, V., “Wax hydroisomerization process”, Zeolites, 
17(3), 1996, p. 321.
 
 Carcassi, M. N., Fineschi, F., “Deflagrations of H2–air and CH4–air lean 
mixtures in a vented multi-compartment environment”, Energy, 30(8), 2005, pp. 
1439-1451.
 
 Carey, P. C., Smith, J. C., “Higher aliphatic compounds. Part III. The 
preparation of paraffins”, J. Chem. Soc., 1933, pp. 346-347.
 
 Carimati, A., Marengo, S., Martinengo, S., Zanderighi, L., “Promoting effects of 
Mo on the functionality of Rh/ZrO2 catalysts in syngas conversion”, Stud. Surf. 
Sci. Catal., 61, 1991, pp. 273-280.
 
 Carlsson, A. F., Naschitzki, M., Baumer, M., Freund, H.-J., “The Structure and 
Reactivity of Al2O3-Supported Cobalt-Palladium Particles: A CO-TPD, STM, and XPS 
Study”, J. Phys. Chem. B, 107(3), 2003, pp. 778-785.
 
 Castiglioni, J., Kieffer, R., Botana, F. J., Calvino, J. J., Rodriguez-Izquierdo, 
J. M., Vidal, H., “Catalytic behaviour and surface properties of supported 
lanthana”, J. Alloys & Compounds, 180(1-2), 1992, pp. 295-301.
 
 Centi, G., Perathoner, S., “Heterogeneous catalytic reactions with CO2: Status 
and perspectives”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 153, 2004, pp. 1-8.
 
 Chae, J. O., Pyagai, R., Demidiouk, V., Moon, S. I., Lee, D. Y., Choi, I. C., 
“Influence of cobalt precursors on the catalytic activity of the cobalt 
oxide/Al2O3 catalysts”, React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 83(2), 2004, pp. 369-375.
 
 Chakrabarty, D. K., Das, D., Ravichandran, G., “Synthesis of light alkenes from 
syngas on silicalite-1 supported cobalt and cobalt-manganese catalysts”, Appl. 
Catal. A, 131(2), 1995, pp. 335-345.
 
 Chan, E. K. M., Mandelkern, L., “Thermoreversible gelation of 
low-molecular-weight linear polyethylene fractions and normal hydrocarbons”, 
Macromolecules, 25(21), 1992, pp. 5659-5664.
 
 Chang, H.-F., “Hydrodynamic Modeling Of A Fischer-Tropsch Packed-Bed Reactor 
(Trickle-Bed Reactor)”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Rhode Island, 1986.
 
 Chang, S. S., Maurey, J. R., Pummer, W. J., “Solubilities of two n-alkanes in 
various solvents”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 28(2), 1983, pp. 187-189.
 
 Chao, T. Y., Hsu, W. W., Wen, C., “A study of iron catalysts for the synthesis 
of liquid fuels from carbon monoxide and hydrogen”, J. Chinese Chem. Soc., 12, 
1945, p. 1.
 
 Chapman, D., Whittington, S. G., “Repulsion energy diagrams of rotating long 
chain paraffins”, Trans. Far. Soc., 1964, pp. 1369-1377.
 
 Chavarría, J. C., Ramírez, J., González, H., Baltanas, M. A., “Modelling of 
n-hexadecane hydroisomerization and hydrocracking reactions on a Mo/Hβ-alumina 
Bi-functional catalyst, using the single event concept”, Catal. Today, 98(1-2), 
2004, pp. 235-242.
 
 Chen, B. H., “Axial dispersion and heat transfer in gas-liquid bubble columns”, 
chapter 23 in “Handbook of Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 2: Mass Transfer and 
Reactor Design” (N. P. Cheremisinoff, ed.), Gulf Publishing, Houston, 1986, pp. 
1005-1028.
 
 Chen, C. M., Bennett, D. L., Carolan, M. F., Foster, E. P., Schinski, W. L., 
Taylor, D. M., “ITM Syngas Ceramic Membrane Technology for Synthesis Gas 
Production”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 55-60.
 
 Chen, H. C., Chen, S. H., “Tracer diffusion of crown ethers in n-decane and 
n-tetradecane: an improved correlation for binary systems involving normal 
alkanes”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 24(2), 1985, pp. 187-192.
 
 Chen, H. Y., Chen, L., Lin, J., Tan, K. L., Li, J., “Comparative Surface Studies 
of High-Zn-level and Commercial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalysts”, J. Phys. Chem. B., 
102(11), 1998, pp. 1994-2000.
 
 Chen, J.-G., Sun, Y.-H., “The Structure and Reactivity of Coprecipitated Co-ZrO2 
Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, 
pp. 277-282.
 
 Chen, K., Yan, Q., “CO hydrogenation over zirconia supported iron catalysts 
promoted with rare earth oxides”, Appl. Catal. A, 158(1-2), 1997, pp. 215-223.
 
 Chen, K. R., Hanson, F. V., Nag, N. K., Oblad, A. G., “The hydrogenation of 
carbon monoxide over Raney iron-manganese”, ACS Div. Fuel Chem. Prepr., 31(3), 
1986, pp. 95-108.
 
 Chen, N., Garwood, W. E., “High Boiling and Premium Quality Jet Fuels by 
Catalytic Dewaxing and Hydrogenation”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 25(4), 
1986, pp. 641-645.
 
 Chen, N. Y., Garwood, W. E., “Selective Hydrocracking of n-Paraffins in Jet 
Fuels”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev., 17(4), 1978, pp. 513-518.
 
 Chen, P., Sanyal, J., Dudukovic, M. P., “CFD modeling of bubble columns flows: 
implementation of population balance”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 59(22-23), 2004, pp. 
5201-5207.
 
 Chen, P., Sanyal, J., Dudukovic, M. P., “Numerical simulation of bubble columns 
flows: effect of different breakup and coalescence closures”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 
60(4), 2005, pp. 1085-1101.
 
 Chen, S. F., “Direct synthesis of higher alcohols by catalytic hydrogenation of 
carbon oxides”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Delaware, Newark, 1986.
 
 Chen, S. S., “Influence of metal-support interactions on the selectivities of 
cobalt catalysts for CO hydrogenation”, Ph. D. thesis, Texas A & M University, 
College Station, 1984.
 
 Chen, Y.-H., Cao, D.-B., Jun, Y., Li, Y.-W., Wang, J., Jiao, H., “Density 
functional theory study of CO adsorption on the Fe(111) surface”, Chem. Phys. 
Lett., 400(1-3), 2004, pp. 35-41.
 
 Chen, Y.-W., “Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Over Zeolite- And Inorganic 
Oxide-Supported Ruthenium Catalysts”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 
1982.
 
 Cheng, A. S., “Effect of Oxygenates Blended With Diesel Fuel on Particulate 
Matter Emissions From a Compression-Ignition Engine”, Ph. D. Thesis, University 
of California, Berkeley, 2002.
 
 Cheng, A. S., Damm, D. J., Dibble, R. W., Sawyer, R.F., Lucas, D., Koshland, 
C.P., “The effect of oxygenate-in-diesel blends and Fischer-Tropsch diesel on 
particulate matter emeissions from compression-ignition engines”, USCI Paper No. 
2001-10, 2nd Joint Meeting of the U.S. Sections of the Combustion Institute, 
Oakland, March 2001.
 
 Cheng, G., Carter, J. D., Guo, T., “Investigation of Co nanoparticles with EXAFS 
and XANES”, Chem. Phys. Lett., 400(1-3), 2004, pp. 122-127.
 
 Chichakli, M., Jessen, F. W., “Crystal Morphology In Hydrocarbon Systems”, Ind. 
Eng. Chem., 59(5), 1967, pp. 86-98.
 
 Chiou, H.-S., “Some Aspects Of Heterogeneous And Homogeneous Catalysis”, Ph. D. 
Thesis, University of Texas, Austin, 1982.
 
 Chirapongse, K., “Investigation of methanation kinetics over Ru and Fe-Ru 
bimetallic catalysts”, Ph. D. Thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 
1984.
 
 Chirico, R. D., An, N., Steele, W. V., Strube, M. M., Tsonopoulos, C., “The 
vapor pressure of n-alkanes revisited. New high-precision vapor pressure data on 
n-decane, n-eicosane, and n-octacosane”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 34(2), 1989, pp. 
149-156.
 
 Choi, K. H., Kim, J. W., Lee, W. K., “Bubble Properties And Mixing 
Characteristics In An Airlift Bubble Column With Redistributor”, Korean J. Chem. 
Eng., 3(2), 1986, pp. 127-134.
 
 Choi, S., “Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Over Iron-Rhodium Alloy Catalysts”, Ph. D. 
Thesis, Purdue University, 1983.
 
 Christmann, K., “Some General Aspects of Hydrogen Chemisorption on Metal 
Surfaces”, Prog. Surf. Sci., 48(1-4), 1995, pp. 15-26.
 
 Christmann, K., Ertl, G., “Surface studies with bimetallic model catalyst 
systems”, J. Molec. Catal., 25(1-3), 1984, pp. 31-49.
 
 Christmann, K., Muschiol, U., Lenz, J., Schwarz, E., “Interaction of hydrogen 
with Re(1010): H binding states and ordered phases”, Surf. Sci., 331-333(1), 
1995, pp. 127-132.
 
 Chuang, S. S. C., Sze, C., “Effects of alkali species and H2S on the CO 
hydrogenation over Rh/SiO2”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 38, 1988, pp. 125-130.
 
 Chung, J. W., Lee, J. W., Pak, H., Chang, T., “NMR Relaxation Study of Segmental 
Motions in Polymer-n-Alkanes”, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 13(3), 1992, pp. 
296-305.
 
 Chung, Y. W., Zhao, Y. B., “Evidence for the migration of MnO upon reduction of 
Ni-MnOx and its effects on CO chemisorption”, in “Strong Metal-Support 
Interactions” (R. T. K. Baker, et al., eds.), ACS, Washington, DC, 1986, pp. 
54-59.
 
 Ciccioli, P., Hayes, J. M., Rinaldi, G., Denson, K. B., Meinschein, W. G., 
“Graphitized carbon in gas-liquid-solid chromatography and gas 
chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis of high boiling hydrocarbon 
mixtures”, Anal. Chem., 51(3), 1979, pp. 400-408.
 
 Clark, G. L., Smit, H. A., “X-Ray Diffraction Study of Fractionated Paraffin 
Waxes”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 23(6), 1931, pp. 697-701.
 
 Clarke, E. W., “Crystal Types of Pure Hydrocarbons in the Paraffin Wax Range”, 
Ind. Eng. Chem., 43(11), 1951, pp. 2526-2535.
 
 Clarke, S. C., “Engineering gas-to-liquids projects: Part 1”, Petr. Tech. Q., 
9(3), 2004, pp. 135-139.
 
 Claude, M. C., Martens, J. A., “Monomethyl-Branching of Long n-Alkanes in the 
Range from Decane to Tetracosane on Pt/H-ZSM-22 Bifunctional Catalyst”, J. 
Catal., 190(1), 2000, pp. 39-48.
 
 Claude, M. C., Vanbutsele, G., Martens, J. A., “Dimethyl Branching of Long 
n-Alkanes in the Range from Decane to Tetracosane on Pt/H–ZSM-22 Bifunctional 
Catalyst”, J. Catal., 203(1), 2001, pp. 213-231.
 
 Clerc, R. J., Hood, A., O'Neal, M. M., Jr., “Mass Spectrometric Analysis of High 
Molecular Weight, Saturated Hydrocarbons”, Anal. Chem., 27(6), 1955, pp. 
868-875.
 
 Cochran, N. P., “Oil and gas from coal”, Sci. Amer., 234, 1976, pp. 24-29.
 
 Cohn, E. M., “The isosynthesis”, chapter 5 in “Catalysis – Volume IV” (P. H. 
Emmett, ed.), Reinhold Publishing, NY, 1956, pp. 443-472.
 
 Cole, E. A., Holmes, D. R., “Crystal lattice parameters and the thermal 
expansion of linear paraffin hydrocarbons, including polyethylenes”, J. Polymer 
Sci., 46(147), 1960, pp. 245-256.
 
 Colitti, M., “Natural gas as raw material for clean fuels and chemicals in the 
next decades”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 119, 1998, pp. 1-4.
 
 Concepcion, P., Lopez, C., Martinez, A., Puntes, V. F., “Characterization and 
catalytic properties of cobalt supported on delaminated ITQ-6 and ITQ-2 zeolites 
for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction”, J. Catal., 228(2), 2004, pp. 
321-332.
 
 Connaway, M. C., “Design And Characterization Of Zeolite Supported Cobalt 
Carbonyl Catalysts”, Ph. D. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State 
University, 1987.
 
 Conners, L., Hollis, T., Johnson, D. A., Blyholder, G., “Mobility and Clustering 
of Rh and Ru in Zeolite. Experiment and Theory”, J. Phys. Chem. B, 102(50), 
1998, pp. 10112-10116.
 
 Conrad, H., Ertl, G., Knozinger, H., Kuppers, J., Latta, E. E., “Polynuclear 
metal carbonyl compounds and chemisorption of co on transition metal surfaces”, 
Chem. Phy. Lett., 42(1), 1976, pp. 115-118.
 
 Conrad, H., Ertl, G., Kuppers, J., Latta, E. E., “Interactions between hydrogen 
and carbon monoxide on a nickel(111) surface”, in “Proceedings of the Sixth 
Internation Congress on Catalysis” (G. C. Bond, et al., eds.), Chemical Society, 
London, 1977, pp. 427-439.
 
 Cookson, D. J., Latten, J. L., Shaw, I. M., Smith, B.E., “Property-composition 
relationships for diesel and kerosene fuels”, Fuel, 64(4), 1985, pp. 509-519.
 
 Cookson, D. J., Lloyd, C. P., Smith, B. E., “Investigation of the chemical basis 
of kerosene (jet fuel) specification properties”, Energy & Fuels, 1(5), 1987, 
pp. 438-447.
 
 Cookson, D. J., Lloyd, C. P., Smith, B. E., “Investigation of the chemical basis 
of diesel fuel properties”, Energy & Fuels, 2(6), 1988, pp. 854-860.
 
 Cookson, D. J., Rix, C. J., Shaw, I. M., Smith, B. E., “High-peroformance liquid 
chromatographic procedure for direct determination of the compound class 
composition of diesel and kerosine fuels using refractive index detection”, J. 
Chromat. A, 312, 1984, pp. 237-246.
 
 Cookson, D. J., Smith, B. E., “Determination of structural characteristics of 
saturates from diesel and kerosine fuels by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance 
spectrometry”, Anal. Chem., 57(4), 1985, pp. 864-871.
 
 Cookson, D. J., Smith, B. E., “Calculation of jet and diesel fuel properties 
using carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy”, Energy & Fuels, 4(2), 1990, pp. 152-156.
 
 Cookson, D. J., Smith, B. E., Johnston, R. R. M., “Relationships between diesel 
fuel ignition quality indicators and composition”, Fuel , 72(5), 1993, pp. 
661-664.
 
 Coonradt, H. L., Ciapetta, F. G., Garwood, W. E., Leaman, W. K., Miale, J. N., 
“Platinum-Acidic Oxide Catalysts for Hydrocracking”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 53(9), 
1961, pp. 727-732.
 
 Cooper, B. R., “Report to the American Physical Society by the study group on 
research planning for coal utilization and synthetic fuel production”, Rev. Mod. 
Phys., 53, 1981, pp. S1-S168.
 
 Cornelius, G., Hilsebein, W., Supp, E., “Herstellung von Fahrbenzin aus Kohle 
oder Erdgas”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 54(2), 1982, pp. 130-136.
 
 Coteron, A., Hayhurst, A. N., “Kinetics of the synthesis of methanol from CO+H2 
and CO+CO2+H2 over copper-based amorphous catalysts”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 49(2), 
1994, pp. 209-221.
 
 Cotton, F. A., Monchamp, R. R., “High-resolution infrared spectra and structures 
of cobalt carbonyls”, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, pp. 1882-1885.
 
 Courty, P., Gruson, J. F., “Refining Clean Fuels for the Future”, Rev. IFP, 
56(5), 2001, pp. 515-524.
 
 Crabtree, R. H., “The organometallic chemistry of alkanes”, Chem. Rev., 85(4), 
1985, pp. 245-269.
 
 Craig, S. R., Hastie, G. P., Roberts, K. J., Sherwood, J. N., “Investigation 
into the structures of some normal alkanes within the homologous series C13H28 
to C60H122 using high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction”, J. 
Mater. Chem., 1994, pp. 977-981.
 
 Crawford, J. E. S., “Some ZSM-5, NU-1, Alumina Supported Metal Catalysts For The 
Fischer-Tropsch Reaction”, Ph. D. Thesis, Virginia Commonwealth University, 
1982.
 
 Croucher, M. D., Patterson, D., “Thermodynamic effects of orientational order in 
chain-molecule mixtures. Part 2. - Temperature-dependence of heats of mixing of 
branched and normal alkane mixtures”, J. Chem. Soc., Far. Trans. 2, 1974, pp. 
1479-1487.
 
 Cruickshank, A. J. B., Gainey, B. W., Hicks, C. P., Letcher, T. M., “A segment 
model for solutions of n-alkanes and n-alkenes”, Trans. Far. Soc., 1969, pp. 
2356-2371.
 
 Csencsits, R., “A study of the structure and composition of an iron silicate 
catalyst, iron-ZSM-05, via electron microscopy”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of 
California, Berkeley, 1988.
 
 Currell, B. R., Robinson, B., “Characterization and analysis of waxes by 
differential thermal analysis”, Talanta, 14(3), 1967, pp. 421-424.
 
 Cushman, D. R., Schick, J. W., “Petroleum. Wax”, Anal. Chem., 43(5), 1971, pp. 
170R-170r.
 
 Cushman, D. R., Schick, J. W., “Petroleum. Wax”, Anal. Chem., 49(5), 1977, pp. 
240R-240R.
 
 Cusumano, J. A., Dalla Betta, R. A., Levy, R. B., “Synthesis of fuels and of 
selected feedstocks from carbon monoxide and hydrogen”, chapter 19 in “Catalysis 
in Coal Conversion”, Academic Press, NY, 1978, pp. 245-266.
 
 Cusumano, J. A., Dalla Betta, R. A., Levy, R. B., “Water-gas-shift and 
methanation catalysis in the synthesis of substitute natural gas”, chapter 17 in 
“Catalysis in Coal Conversion”, Academic Press, NY, 1978, pp. 221-232.
 
 da Silva, J. F., “Catalisadores suportados em peneiras moleculares micro e 
mesoporosas para a síntese de Fischer-Tropsch”, Dissertation, Pontifícia 
Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, 2004.
 
 Dabbagh, H., Tau, L.-M., Bao, S., Halasz, J., Davis, B. H., “Fischer-Tropsch 
synthesis: comparison of product selectivity and 14C labeled ethanol 
incorporation at one and seven atmosphere conditions”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 
38, 1988, pp. 61-72.
 
 Dalas, E., Katsanos, N. A., Karaiskakis, G., “The reversed-flow 
gas-chromatography technique applied to the kinetics of the methanation of 
carbon monoxide”, J. Chem. Soc. Far. Trans. 1, 1986, pp. 2897-2909.
 
 Dalmon, J. A., Martin, G. A., “CH4, C2H6, and C3H8 formation on CO + H2 reaction 
over supported on silica nickel and nickel-copper catalysts”, Stud. Surf. Sci. 
Catal., 7A, 1981, pp. 402-417.
 
 Daly, J. G., “Hydrodynamic studies in two and three-phase slurry bubble column 
reactors. (Volumes I and II)”, Ph. D. Thesis, Texas A&M University, 1990.
 
 Das, P. C., Pradhan, N. C., Dalai, A. K., Bakshi, N. N., “Carbon Monoxide 
Hydrogenation over Zirconia Supported Ni and Co-Ni Bimetallic Catalysts”, Catal. 
Lett., 98(2/3), 2004, pp. 153-160.
 
 Das, T. K., Conner, W., Jacobs, G., Li, J.-L., Chaudhari, K., Davis, B. H., 
“Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: Effect of Water on Activity and Selectivity for a 
Cobalt Catalyst”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 331-336.
 
 Datta, N. C., Sen, B., Ganguli, N. C., “An extended Huckel molecular orbital 
study of strong metal support interactions in supported metal catalysts”, paper 
77 in “Challenges in Catalysis Science and Technology – Volume II” (S. R. Naidu, 
B. K. Banerjee, eds.), B. K. Banerjee at Allied Traders, New Delhi, 1987, pp. 
718-731.
 
 Datye, A. K., “Bimetallic ruthenium-gold catalysts: Characterization and 
catalytic behavior”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1984.
 
 Davis, D. S., “Nomograph for Paraffin Wax Solubility in Petroleum Fractions”, 
Ind. Eng. Chem., 32(1), 1940, pp. 1293-1293.
 
 Davis, G. H. B., Blackwood, A. J., “Improved Paraffins-Base Lubricating Oils”, 
Ind. Eng. Chem., 23(12), 1931, pp. 1452-1458.
 
 Davis, J. B., “Microbial Decomposition of Hydrocarbons”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 48(9), 
1956, pp. 1444-1448.
 
 Dayte, A. K., Schroff, M. D., Harrington, M. S., Sault, A. G., Jackson, N. B., 
“The role of catalyst activation on the activity and attrition of precipitated 
iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 107, 19979, pp. 
169-174.
 
 de Aquino, A. D., Gomez Cobo, A. J., “Synthesis of higher alcohols with cobalt 
and copper based model catalysts: effect of the alkaline metals”, Catal. Today, 
65(2-4), 2001, pp. 209-216.
 
 de Correa, C. M., Castrillón, F. C., “Supported bimetallic Pd–Co catalysts: 
characterization and catalytic activity”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 228(1-2), 2005, 
pp. 267-273.
 
 de Klerk, A., Engelbrecht, D. J., Boikanyo, H., “Oligomerization of 
Fischer-Tropsch Olefins: Effect of Feed and Operating Conditions on Hydrogenated 
Motor-Gasoline Quality”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 43(23), 2004, pp. 7449-7455.
 
 de Koster, A., “Quantum chemical studies of the reactivity of chemisorbed carbon 
monoxide bond and carbon hydrogen(x) on transition metal surfaces”, Dr. 
dissertation, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 1989.
 
 de la Peña O'Shea, V. A., “Cobalt and Iron Catalytic Properties. Catalytic 
Behavior in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis”, Thesis, Autónoma de Madrid, 2003.
 
 de la Torre, J. G., Freire, J. J., “Intrinsic viscosities and translational 
diffusion coefficients of n-alkanes in solution”, Macromolecules, 15(1), 1982, 
pp. 155-159.
 
 de Lasa, H., Hagey, L., Rong, S., Pekediz, A., “Compound catalyst for high 
yields of olefins from synthesis gas - Catalytic Reaction Steps”, Chem. Eng. 
Sci., 51(11), 1996, pp. 2885-2890.
 
 Dean, E. W., Cooke, M. B., “Effect of Paraffin Wax on Viscosity of Petroleum 
Oils”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 14(5), 1922, pp. 410-411.
 
 Dean, E. W., Jackson, L. E., “Effects of crystalline paraffin wax on viscosity 
of lubricating oil”, J. Franklin Inst., 192(1), 1921, pp. 118-119.
 
 Demmin, R. A., Ko, C. S., Gorte, R. J., “Support effects studied on model 
supported catalysts”, in “Strong Metal-Support Interactions” (R. T. K. Baker, et 
al., eds.), ACS, Washington, DC, 1986, pp. 48-53.
 
 Deninger, W., Korinth, J., Royen, P., “Katalytische Eigenschaften von Eisen und 
binären Systemen des Eisens. IV. Über die Wirkung von Arsen und Antimon auf die 
Hydrieraktivität des Eisens und dessen Verhalten gegen Kohlenoxid”, Z. anorg. 
Allgem. Chem., 313(3-4), 1961, pp. 144-153.
 
 Dent, A. L., Lin, M., “Cobalt-based catalysts for the production of C2-C4 
hydrocarbons from syn-gas”, chapter 6 in “Hydrocarbon Synthesis from Carbon 
Monoxide and Hydrogen” (E. L. Kugler, F. W. Steffgen, eds.), ACS Adv. Chem. Ser. 
178, 1979, pp. 47-64.
 
 Dictor, R. A., “Study of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over iron-based catalysts 
using a well-stirred slurry reactor”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of California, 
Berkeley, 1984.
 
 Diggs, S. H., Buchler, C. C., “Determination of Oil in Paraffin Wax: Direct 
Refractometer Method”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 19(1), 1927, pp. 125-127.
 
 Dombek, B. D., “Roles of metal carbonyl complexes in the homogeneous 
hydrogenation of carbon monoxide”, J. Organomet. Chem., 372(1), 1989, pp. 
151-161.
 
 Donath, E. E., “The synthetic fuels industry in Germany, 1927-1945”, in “Eighth 
Annual International Conference on Coal Gasification, Liquefaction, and 
Conversion to Electricity” (A. J. Brainard, ed.), U. Pittsburgh, 1981, NTIS 
order no. DE82905463, pp. 416-428.
 
 Dönmez, M., Avci, A. K., Akin, A. N., Önsan, Z. I., “Characterization of 
Coprecipitated Cobalt Alumina Catalysts by Thermogravimetric Analysis”, in 
“Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Heterogeneous Catalysis” (L. 
Petrov, Ch. Bonev, G. Kadinov, eds.), Institute of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy 
of Sciences, 2000, pp. 375-380.
 
 Doolittle, A. K., “Specific Volumes of n-Alkanes”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 9(2), 
1964, pp. 275-279.
 
 Doolittle, A. K., Peterson, R. H., “Preparation and Physical Properties of a 
Series of n-Alkanes”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 73(5), 1951, pp. 2145-2151.
 
 Dorschner, O., “Thermodynamische und Wärmeableitungsprobleme bei 
Synthese-Reaktionen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der 
Kohlenwasserstoff-Synthese nach Fischer-Tropsch”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 25(6), 1953, 
pp. 277-285.
 
 Dorset, D. L., “Role of symmetry in the formation of n-paraffin solid 
solutions”, Macromolecules, 20(11), 1987, pp. 2782-2788.
 
 Dorset, D. L., “Structural interactions between n-paraffins and their 
perdeuterated analogues: binary compositions with identical chain lengths”, 
Macromolecules, 24(24), 1991, pp. 6521-6526.
 
 Dorset, D. L., “The crystal structure of waxes”, Acta Cryst. B, 51(6), 1995, pp. 
1021-1028.
 
 Dorset, D. L., Alamo, R. G., Mandelkern, L., “Premelting of long n-paraffins in 
chain-extended lamellae. An electron diffraction study”, Macromolecules, 25(23), 
1992, pp. 6284-6288.
 
 Dorset, D. L., Strauss, H. L., Snyder, R. G., “Chain-length dependence of the 
melting point difference between hydrogenated and deuterated crystalline 
n-alkanes”, J. Phys. Chem., 95(2), 1991, pp. 938-940.
 
 Dorset, D. L., Zemlin, F., “Direct phase determination in electron 
crystallography: The crystal structure of an n-paraffin”, Ultramicroscopy, 
33(4), 1990, pp. 227-236.
 
 Dougherty, R. C., Mazzone, D. N., “Wax hydroisomerization process using two 
zeolite catalysts”, Zeolites, 18(4), 1997, p. 303.
 
 Dowell, F., “Reduction parameters in a phenomenological three-parameter 
corresponding states theory for n-alkanes”, J. Phys. Chem., 83(7), 1979, pp. 
802-804.
 
 Doyen, G., Ertl, G., “Theory of carbon monoxide chemisorption on transition 
metals”, Surf. Sci., 43(1), 1974, pp. 197-229.
 
 Drissel, G. M., “Economics of ethylene production via pyrolysis of coal-based 
Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons”, in “Synthetic Fuel Processing – Comparative 
Economics” (A. H. Pelofsky, ed.), Marcel Dekker, NY, 1977, pp. 319-332.
 
 Dry, M. E., Erasmus, H. B. W., “Update of the Sasol Synfuels Process”, Ann. Rev. 
Energy, 12, 1987, pp. 1-46.
 
 Ducoulombier, D., Zhou, H., Boned, C., Peyrelasse, J., Saint-Guirons, H., Xans, 
P., “Pressure (1-1000 bars) and temperature (20-100 C) dependence of the 
viscosity of liquid hydrocarbons”, J. Phys. Chem., 90(8), 1986, pp. 1692-1700.
 
 Dun, J.-W., “Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis On Molybdenum Catalysts (Potassium 
Promotion, Periodic Operation)”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Michigan, 1986.
 
 Dunn, B. C., Cole, P., Covington, D., Webster, M. C., Pugmire, R. J., Ernst, R. 
D., Eyring, E. M., Shah, N., Huffman, G. P., “Silica aerogel supported catalysts 
for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis”, Appl. Catal. A, 278(2), 2005, pp. 233-238.
 
 Durbin, T. D., Norbeck, J. M., “Effects of Biodiesel Blends and Arco EC-Diesel 
on Emissions from Light Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles”, Environ. Sci. Technol., 
36(8), 2002, pp. 1686-1691.
 
 Dutta, P., Elbashir, N. O., Manivannan, A., Seehra, M. S., Roberts, C. B., 
“Characterization of Fischer–Tropsch Cobalt-Based Catalytic Systems (Co/SiO2 and 
Co/Al2O3) by X-ray Diffraction and Magnetic Measurements”, Catal. Lett., 98(4), 
2004, pp. 203-210.
 
 Dwyer, D. J., Robbins, J. L., Cameron, S. D., Dudash, N., Hardenbergh, J., 
“Chemisorption and catalysis over TiO2-modified Pt surfaces”, in “Strong 
Metal-Support Interactions” (R. T. K. Baker, et al., eds.), ACS, Washington, DC, 
1986, pp. 21-33.
 
 Dwyer, D. J., Yoshida, K., Somorjai, G. A., “Hydrogenation of CO and CO2 on 
clean rhodium and iron foils: correlations of reactivities and surface 
compositions”, chapter 7 in “Hydrocarbon Synthesis from Carbon Monoxide and 
Hydrogen” (E. L. Kugler, F. W. Steffgen, eds.), ACS Adv. Chem. Ser. 178, 1979, 
pp. 65-92.
 
 Dwyer, F. G., Garwood, W. E., “Conversion of synthesis gas to olefins over 
physical mixtures of high SiO2/Al2O3 ZSM-5 and Fe(K)”, in “Catalytic Conversion 
of Synthesis Gas and Alcohols to Chemicals” (R. G. Herman, ed.), Plenum Press, 
NY, 1984, pp. 167-178.
 
 Dyakonov, A. J., Grider, D. A., McCormick, B. J., Kahol, P. K., “Modification of 
transition metal catalysts with rare-earth elements”, Appl. Catal. A, 192(2), 
2000, pp. 235-246.
 
 Dybkjaer, I., Hansen, J. B., “Large-scale production of alternative synthetic 
fuels from natural gas”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 107, 1997, pp. 99-116.
 
 Dziembaj, R., Lojewska, J., “Model of activation of the cobalt foil as a 
catalyst for CO2 methanation”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 122(1), 1997, pp. 1-11.
 
 Edgell, W. F., Magee, C., Gallup, G., “The Infrared Spectrum of Cobalt Carbonyl 
Hydride”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 78(17), 1956, pp. 4185-4188.
 
 Edwards, R. T., “Composition and Tensile Strength of Paraffin Waxes”, Ind. Eng. 
Chem., 47(12), 1955, pp. 2555-2558.
 
 Edwards, R. T., “Crystal Habit of Paraffin Wax”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 49(4), 1957, 
pp. 750-757.
 
 Edwards, R. T., Cushman, D. R., “Petroleum. Wax”, Anal. Chem., 39(5), 1967, pp. 
164R-164r.
 
 Egiebor, N. O., “The Preparation, Characterization And Evaluation Of 
Precipitated Iron Catalysts For The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis”, Ph. D. Thesis, 
Queen's University at Kingston (Canada), 1985.
 
 Egiebor, N. O., Cooper, W. C., Cameron, J., Farrand, B., “The production and 
testing of iron-based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis”, Stud. Surf. Sci. 
Catal., 38, 1988, pp. 481-488.
 
 Egloff, G., Twomey, T. J., “The Production of Aromatic Hydrocarbons from 
Paraffin Wax”, J. Phys. Chem., 20(6), 1916, pp. 515-521.
 
 Ehsasi, M., Christmann, K., “The interaction of hydrogen with a rhodium (110) 
surface”, Surf. Sci., 194(1-2), 1988, pp. 172-198.
 
 Eischens, R. P., Francis, S. A., Pliskin, W. A., “The Effect of Surface Coverage 
on the Spectra of Chemisorbed CO”, J. Phys. Chem., 60(2), 1956, pp. 194-201.
 
 Eisenberg, B., Fiato, R. A., Mauldin, C. H., Say, G. R., Soled, S. L., “Exxon’s 
advanced gas-to-liquids technology”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 119, 1998, pp. 
943-948.
 
 Eisenlohr, K.-H., Moeller, F. W., Dry, M., “Effect of certain reaction 
parameters on methanation of coal gas to SNG”, ACS Adv. Chem. Ser., 146, 1975, 
pp. 113-122.
 
 Elattar, A., Wallace, W. E., Craig, R. S., “Hydrocarbon synthesis using 
catalysts formed by intermetallic compound decomposition”, chapter 2 in 
“Hydrocarbon Synthesis from Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen” (E. L. Kugler, F. W. 
Steffgen, eds.), ACS Adv. Chem. Ser. 178, 1979, pp. 7-14.
 
 Elbashir, N. O., “Utilization of Supercritical Fluids in the Fischer-Tropsch 
Synthesis Over Cobalt-Based Catalytic Systems”, Ph.D. Dissertation, Auburn 
University, 2004.
 
 Elbashir N. O., Roberts, C. B., “Enhanced Incorporations of a-olefins in the 
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Chain-Growth Process Over an Alumina Supported Cobalt 
Catalyst in Near-Critical and Supercritical Hexane Medium”, Ind. Eng. Chem. 
Res., 44, 2005, pp. 502-521.
 
 Ellgen, P. C., Bartley, W. J., Bhasin, M. M., Wilson, T. P., “Rhodium-based 
catalysts for the conversion of synthesis gas to two-carbon chemicals”, chapter 
11 in “Hydrocarbon Synthesis from Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen” (E. L. Kugler, 
F. W. Steffgen, eds.), ACS Adv. Chem. Ser. 178, 1979, pp. 147-158.
 
 Elsenacher, K, Adesima, A. A., “A Statistical Evaluation of Preparation 
conditions on the Performance of Ce-Promoted Co-Mo Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst”, 
Korean J. Chem. Eng., 17(1), 2000, pp.71-75.
 
 Engineering and Economics Research, “Coal Liquefaction”, chapter A.10 in 
“Emerging clean coal technologies”, Noyes Data Corporation, Park Ridge, NJ, 
1986, pp. 172-212.
 
 Erofeev, B. V., Runtso, A. P., Volkove, A. A., “Kinetics of the catalytic 
reduction to hydrocarbons of carbon monoxide by hydrogen on a Cobalt-Thorium 
catalysts”, Acta Physicochim. URSS, 13, 1940, p. 111.
 
 Ertl, G., “Relations between metal clusters and metal surfaces”, Stud. Surf. 
Sci. Catal., 29, 1986, pp. 577-604.
 
 Ertl, G., Neumann, M., Streit, K. M., “Chemisorption of CO on the Pt(111) 
surface”, Surf. Sci., 64(2), 1977, pp. 393-410.
 
 Ertl, H., Dullien, F. A. L., “Self-diffusion and viscosity of some liquids as a 
function of temperature”, AIChE J., 19(6), 1973, pp. 1215-1223.
 
 Evans, A., Hibbard, R. R., Powell, A. S., “Determination of Carbon-Hydrogen 
Groups in High Molecular Weight Hydrocarbons by Near-Infrared Absorption”, Anal. 
Chem., 23(11), 1951, pp. 1604-1610.
 
 Fabuss, B. M., Smith, J. O., Lait, R. I., Borsanyi, A. S., Satterfield, C. N., 
“Rapid Thermal Cracking of n-Hexadecane at Elevated Pressures”, Ind. Eng. Chem. 
Proc. Des. Dev., 1(4), 1962, pp. 293-299.
 
 Fabuss, B. M., Smith, J. O., Lait, R. I., Fabuss, M. A., Satterfield, C. N., 
“Kinetics of Thermal Cracking of Paraffinic and Naphthenic Fuels at Elevated 
Pressures”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev., 3(1), 1964, pp. 33-37.
 
 Falbe, J., Frohning, C. D., “The raw materials future: critical examination of 
the roled played by catalysis”, J. Molec. Catal., 17(2-3), 1982, pp. 117-132.
 
 Falter, W., Finkeldei, C.-H., Jager, B., Keim, W., Verkerk, K. A. N., 
“Isobutanol synthesis from syngas”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 119, 1998, pp. 
465-472.
 
 Fan, L., Han, Y. Z., Yokota, K., Fujimoto, K., “Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in Gas 
Phase, Liquid Phase and Supercritical Phase”, Sekiyu Gakkaishi, 39, 1996, pp. 
111-119.
 
 Fan, L., Nakano, J., Fujimoto, K., “Development of Active and Stable Supported 
Pd Catalysts for Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol”, Ionics, 21, 1995, pp. 87-90.
 
 Fan, L.-S., “Bubble dynamics in liquid-solids suspensions”, AIChE Symp. Ser. 
308, 91, 1995, pp. 1-43.
 
 Fan, W., Li, R., Fan, B., Ma, J., Cao, J., “Effects of introduction of different 
alkali metal halides on crystallization and characteristics of ZSM-48 in a solid 
reaction mixture system - Effects of alkali metal chlorides”, Appl. Catal. A, 
143(2), 1996, pp. 299-308.
 
 Fang, K., Ren, J., Sun, Y., “Effect of nickel precursors on the performance of 
Ni/AlMCM-41 catalysts for n-dodecane hydroconversion”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 
229(1-2), 2005, pp. 51-58.
 
 Fasman, A. B., Sokolsky, “Catalytic activation of carbon monoxide in homogeneous 
and heterogeneous systems”, in “Catalysis – Proceedings of the Fifth 
International Congress on Catalysis, Miami Beach, Fla., 20-26 August, 1972”, (J. 
W. Hightower, ed.), North-Holland Publishing, Amsterdam, 1973, pp. 453-464.
 
 Fatou, J. G., Marco, C., Mandelkern, L., “The crystallization kinetics of 
low-molecular-weight polyethylene fractions”, Polymer, 31(5), 1990, pp. 890-898.
 
 Feimer, J. L., “A Study Of Forced-Feed Composition Cycling In The 
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis”, Ph. D. Thesis, University Of Waterloo, Canada, 1982.
 
 Fenic, C., Dabu, R., Stratan, A., Nistor, L., Dragulinescu, D., Chis, I., 
Marginean, P., Ivana, E., Lacatusu, V., Craiu, M., “Laser enhanced H2 
chemisorption on Ni(1-y)O catalysts for CO2 reduction”, Appl. Surf. Sci., 106, 
1996, pp. 198-204.
 
 Ferguson, G. S., “Early/Late Heterobimetallic Complexes: Homogeneous Models For 
Heterogeneous Catalyst Surfaces”, Ph. D. Thesis, Cornell University, 1988.
 
 Ferris, S. W., Cowles, H. C., “Crystal Behavior of Paraffin Wax”, Ind. Eng. 
Chem., 37(11), 1945, pp. 1054-1062.
 
 Ferris, S. W., Cowles, H. C. Jr., Henderson, L. M., “Composition of Paraffin 
Wax”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 21(11), 1929, pp. 1090-1092.
 
 Fiorel, F., Lietti, L., Pederzani, G., Tronconi, E., Zennaro, R., Forzatti, P., 
“Reactivity of Paraffins, Olefins and Alcohols during Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 
on a Co/Al2O3 Catalyst”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 289-294.
 
 Fisher, I. A., Bell, A. T., “A Comparative Study of CO and CO2 Hydrogenation 
over Rh/SiO2”, J. Catal., 162(1), 1996, pp. 54-65.
 
 Fisher, I. A., Bell, A. T., “In Situ Infrared Study of Methanol Synthesis from 
H2/CO over Cu/SiO2 and Cu/ZrO2/SiO2”, J. Catal., 178(1), 1998, pp. 153-173.
 
 Fleisch, T. H., Sills, R. A., “Large-Scale Gas Conversion through Oxygenates: 
Beyond GTL-FT”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 31-36
 
 Fleisch, T. H., Sills, R. A., Briscoe, M. D., “2002- Emergence of the 
Gas-to-Liquids Industry: a Review of Global GTL Developments”, J. Nat. Gas 
Chem., 11, 2002, pp. 1-14.
 
 Flinn, R. A., Larson, O. A., Beuther, H., “The Mechanism of Catalytic 
Hydrocracking”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 52(2), 1960, pp. 153-156.
 
 Flory, P. J., Vrij, A., “Melting Points of Linear-Chain Homologs. The Normal 
Paraffin Hydrocarbons”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 85(22), 1963, pp. 3548-3553.
 
 Foley, H. C., Lowenthal, E. E., Te, M., Allard, L. F., “Evidence for kinetic and 
oxidative stabilization of Rh on Mo-promoted Rh/Al2O3”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 
100(1-3), 1995, pp. 129-145.
 
 Fornasari, G., La Torretta, T. M. G., Vaccari, A., Bednarova, S., Jiru, P., 
Tvaruzkova, Z., “Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on zeolite supported cobalt 
catalysts”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 61, 1991, pp. 333-340.
 
 Foster, E. P., Tijm, P. J. A., Bennett, D. L., “Advanced gas-to-liquids 
processes for syngas and liquid-phase conversion”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 119, 
1998, pp. 867-874.
 
 France, J. E., “Study of some intermetallic compounds in connection with the 
catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of 
Pittsburgh, 1982.
 
 Francis, A. W., “Higher Paraffin Hydrocarbons”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 36(3), pp. 
256-261.
 
 Francis, F., “The composition of paraffin wax. Part I”, J. Chem. Soc. Trans., 
1922, pp. 496-513.
 
 Francis, F., Gauntlett, H. F., “The non-acidic oxidation products of paraffin 
wax”, J. Chem. Soc., 1926, pp. 2377-2384.
 
 Francis, F., Watkins, C. M., Wallington, R. W., “The composition of paraffin 
wax. Part II”, J. Chem. Soc. Trans., 1922, pp. 1529-1535.
 
 Francis, F., Watkins, C. M., Wallington, R. W., “The composition of paraffin 
wax. Part III”, J. Chem. Soc. Trans., 1922, pp. 2804-2810.
 
 Francis, F., Wood, N. E., “The boiling points of some higher aliphatic 
n-hydrocarbons”, J. Chem. Soc., 1926, pp. 1420-1423.
 
 Freide, J. J. H. M. F., “Gas Conversion - Its Place in the World”, Stud. Surf. 
Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 61-66.
 
 Fréty, R., Tournayan, L., Primet, M., Bergeret, G., Guenin, M., Baumgartner, J. 
B., Borgna, A., “Influence of the reduction temperature on the properties of 
silica-supported nickel catalysts”, Far. Trans., 1993, pp. 3313-3318.
 
 Frohning, D., “Fischer-Tropsch synthesis for fuel production from coal”, in 
“Synthetic Fuels” (G. E. Beghi, ed.), D. Riedel Publishing Co., Boston, 1985, 
pp. 113-134.
 
 Froment, G. F., “Kinetics of the hydroisomerization and hydrocracking of 
paraffins on a platinum containing bifunctional Y-zeolite”, Catal. Today, 1(4), 
1987, pp. 455-473.
 
 Fu, Q., Deng, W., Saltsburg, H., Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, M., “Activity and 
stability of low-content gold–cerium oxide catalysts for the water–gas shift 
reaction”, Appl. Catal. B., 56(1-2), 2005, pp. 57-68.
 
 Fujimoto, K., “Synthetic Fuels”, Chem. Ind., 48(8), 1997, p. 57.
 
 Fujimoto, K., Shikada, T., “Selective synthesis of C2-C5 hydrocarbons from 
carbon dioxide utilizing a hybrid catalyst composed of a methanol synthesis 
catalyst and zeolite”, App. Catal., 31(1), 1987, pp. 13-23.
 
 Fukuoka, A., Kimura, T., Ichikawa, M., “Selective hydrogenation of CO into C1 
and C2 alcohols by SiO2-supported RhFe, PtFe, and PdFe bimetallic 
cluster-derived catalysts”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., 1988, pp. 428-430.
 
 Fukushima, T., Arakawa, H., Ichikawa, M., “High-pressure IR spectroscopic 
evidence of acetyl and acetate species directly formed in CO–H2 conversion on 
SiO2-supported Rh and Rh–Mn catalysts”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., 1985, pp. 
729-731.
 
 Fukushima, T., Araki, K., Ichikawa, M., “Promoting effects of Fe addition in 
MeOH synthesis catalysed by SiO2-supported Pd”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., 1986, 
pp. 148b-150.
 
 Fukushima, T., Ichikawa, M., Matsushita, S., Tanaka, K., Saito, T., “Highly 
selective synthesis of C2-oxygenates in CO hydrogenation on SiO2-supported Rh–lr 
and Rh–Ti–lr catalysts”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1985, pp. 1209-1211.
 
 Fukushima, T., Ishii, Y., Onda, Y., Ichikawa, M., “Promoting role of Fe in 
enhancing activity and selectivity of MeOH production from CO and H2 catalysed 
by SiO2-supported Ir”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1985, pp. 1752-1754.
 
 Funk, C. S., Davis, H. D., Hanson, J. E., Segesser, J. R., “Determination of 
Sealing Strength of Paraffin Wax”, Anal. Chem., 22(1), 1950, pp. 179-182.
 
 Furfari, S., “Liquefaction and gasification of solid fuels – demonstration 
programme of the EEC”, in “Synthetic Fuels” (G. E. Beghi, ed.), D. Riedel 
Publishing Co., Boston, 1985, pp. 435-454.
 
 Furuya, T., Teja A. S., “Kirschevskii parameters and the solubility of heavy 
n-alkanes in supercritical carbon dioxide”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 39, 2000, pp. 
4828-4830.
 
 Gajardo, P., Apple, T. M., Dybowski, C., “Observation of surface states of 
hydrogen on a Rh/TiO2 catalyst by NMR spectroscopy”, Chem. Phys. Lett., 74(2), 
1980, pp. 306-308.
 
 Gall, D., “Production of lubricating oils from the olefins produced in the 
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis”, J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 65, 1946, p. 185.
 
 Galarraga, C. K., “Heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of middle distillate 
hydrocarbons”, ME Science Thesis, University of Western Ontario, 1998.
 
 Galuszka, J., Chang, J. R., Amenomiya, Y., “Investigation of surface species in 
the methanation of carbon monoxide on a supported nickel catalyst”, Stud. Surf. 
Sci. Catal., 7A, 1981, pp. 529-541.
 
 Galuszka, J., Amenomiya, Y., “Infrared study of co-adsorption of CO and H2 on 
alumina-supported nickel catalysts”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 19, 1984, pp. 
63-70.
 
 Gambs, G. C., “The future of coal as a source of synthetic fuels”, in “Coal 
conversion technology” (A. H. Pelofsky, ed.), ACS Symp Ser., 110, 1979, pp. 
135-170.
 
 Gao, X., Wachs, I. E., “Titania-silica as catalysts: molecular structural 
characteristics and physico-chemical properties”, Catal. Today, 51(2), 1999, pp. 
233-254.
 
 Garbowski, E., Guenin, M., Marion, M.-C., Primet, M., “Catalytic properties and 
surface states of cobalt-containing oxidation catalysts”, Appl. Catal., 64, 
1990, pp. 209-224.
 
 Garibaldi, P., “Automotive synfuels: a possible strategy for the future”, in 
“Synthetic Fuels” (G. E. Beghi, ed.), D. Riedel Publishing Co., Boston, 1985, 
pp. 323-348.
 
 Garibaldi, P., “Environmental problems from ‘synfuels’ production and 
utilization”, in “Synthetic Fuels” (G. E. Beghi, ed.), D. Riedel Publishing Co., 
Boston, 1985, pp. 365-416.
 
 Garner, W. E., Van Bibber, K., King, A. M., “The melting points and heats of 
crystallisation of the normal long-chain hydrocarbons”, J. Chem. Soc., 1931, pp. 
1533-1541.
 
 Gates, B. C., Lamb, H. H., “Supported metals and supported organometallics”, J. 
Molec. Catal., 52(1), 1989, pp. 1-18.
 
 Gaube, J., Hochstadt, G., “Verweilzeit und Olefin-Ausbeute bei der 
Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 50(8), 1978, p. 627.
 
 Ge, Q., Jenkins, S. J., King, D. A., “Localisation of Adsorbate-Induced 
Demagnetisation: CO Chemisorbed on Ni{110}”, Chem. Phys. Lett., 327, 2000, pp. 
125-130.
 
 Geng, C.-H., Zhang, F., Gao, Z.-X., Zhao, L.-F., Zhou, J.-L., 
“Hydroisomerization of n-tetradecane over Pt/SAPO-11 catalyst”, Catal. Today, 
93-95, 2004, pp. 485-491.
 
 Ghosh, J. C., Basak, N. G., Badami, G. N., “Nickel-Thoria-Kieselguhr Catalyst 
for the Fischer-Tropsch Reaction - Part I”, Current Science, 16, 1947, p. 318.
 
 Ghosh, J. C., Basak, N. G., Badami, G. N., “Ni-Thoria-Kieselguhr (100:18:100) 
Catalyst for the Fischer-Tropsch Reaction - Part II”, Current Science, 16, 1947, 
p. 353.
 
 Ghosh, J. C., Basak, N. G., Venkatesan, C., “Ni-Thoria-Kieselguhr (100:18:100) 
Catalyst for the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis at Medium Pressure - Part III”, 
Current Science, 16, 1947, p. 377.
 
 Gil, A., Clotet, A., Ricart, J. M., Kresse, G., Garca-Hernandez, M., Rosch, N., 
Sautet, P., “Site preference of CO chemisorbed on Pt(111) from density 
functional calculations”, Surf. Sci., 530(1-2), 2003, pp. 71-87.
 
 Gilchrist, H. S., Karlik, B., “Separation of normal long-chain hydrocarbons by 
fractional distillation in high vacuum”, J. Chem. Soc., 1932, pp. 1992-1995.
 
 Godbole, S. P., “Study Of Hydrodynamic And Mass Transfer Characteristics Of 
Multiphase Bubble Column Reactor”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 
1983.
 
 Goguen, S., “Alternative fuels in heavy duty vehicles”, in “Gas-to-Liquids 
Processing, March 18-20, 1998, San Antonio, Texas”, Intertech Conferences, 
Portland, ME, 1998, speaker 15.
 
 Goldfarb, Yu. Ya., Katsobashvili, Ya. R., Rozenthal, A. L., “Hydrocracking 
product distributions from n-alkanes and iso-alkanes”, J. Catal., 101(2), 1986, 
pp. 515-516.
 
 Goldstein-Getty, C. S., Drago, R. S., Weiss, K. D., Miller, J. G., “Attempts to 
heterogenize the Ir4(Co)12-Al2Cl6 homogeneous carbon monoxide hydrogenation 
catalyst”, J. Molec. Catal., 53(2), 1989, pp. 229-245.
 
 Goldwasser, M. R., Cubeiro, M. L., De Silva, M. C., Perez Zurita, M. J., 
Leclercq, G., Leclercq, L., Dufour, M., Gengembre, L., Bond, G. C., Hooper, A. 
D., “Zirconia modified Ru/Al2O3 catalysts for the synthesis of oxygenated 
products from syngas”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 107, 1997, pp. 15-22.
 
 Gomez Cobo, A., Mouaddib, N., Dalmon, J. A., Mirodatos, C., Perrichon, V., 
Primet, M., Chaumette, P., Courty, Ph., “Evidence and role of carbonyl adspecies 
in higher alcohols synthesis on heterogeneous cobalt-copper catalysts”, Stud. 
Surf. Sci. Catal., 61, 1991, pp. 257-264.
 
 Gomez-Nieto, M., Thodos, G., “A New Vapor Pressure Equation and Its Application 
to Normal Alkanes”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 16(2), 1977, pp. 254-259.
 
 Gontier-Moya, E. G., Erdélyi, G., Moya, F., Freitag, K. “Solubility and 
diffusion of cobalt in alumina”, Philosophical Magazine A, 81, 2001, pp. 
2665-2673.
 
 Good, G. M., Voge, H. H., Greensfelder, B. S., “Catalytic Cracking of Pure 
Hydrocarbons”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 39(8), 1947, pp. 1032-1036.
 
 Goodman, D. W., “The role of promoters and poisons in CO hydrogenation”, in 
“Heterogeneous Catalysis - Proceedings of the Research Symposia of the 
Industry-University Cooperative Chemistry Program” (B. L. Shapiro, et al., 
eds.), Texas A&M University Press, College Station, 1984, pp. 230-251.
 
 Goodman, D. W., Kelley, R. D., Madey, T. E., Yatets, J. T. Jr., “Kinetics of CO 
hydrogenation on nickel(100)”, chapter 1 in “Hydrocarbon Synthesis from Carbon 
Monoxide and Hydrogen” (E. L. Kugler, F. W. Steffgen, eds.), ACS Adv. Chem. Ser. 
178, 1979, pp. 1-6.
 
 Goodman, D. W., Peden, C. H. F., “Adsorption and reaction on strained-metal 
overlayers Cu/Ru(0001)”, J. Chem. Soc. Far. Trans. 1, 1987, pp. 1967-1973.
 
 Goodman, D. W., Peebles, D. E., White, J. M., “CO2 dissociation on rhodium: 
Measurement of the specific rates on Rh(111)”, Surf. Sci., 140(1), 1984, pp. 
L239-L243.
 
 Goodwin, J. G. Jr., Chen, Y. W., Chuang, S. C., “Catalyst support effects on 
selectivity in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis”, in “Catalytic Conversion of 
Synthesis Gas and Alcohols to Chemicals” (R. G. Herman, ed.), Plenum Press, NY, 
1984, pp. 179-192.
 
 Goodwin, J. G. Jr., Goa, D. O., Erdal, S., Rogan, F. H., “Reactive metal 
volatilization from Ru/Al2O3 as a result of ruthenium carbonyl formation”, Appl. 
Catal., 24(1-2), 1986, pp. 199-209.
 
 Gorte, R. J., Cordatos, H., Bunluesin, T., “Study of CO, NO, and H2 adsorption 
on model Pd/α-Al2O3(0001) catalysts”, Surf. Sci., 323(3), 1995, pp. 219-227.
 
 Gotti, A., Prins, R., “Basic Metal Oxides as Cocatalysts for Cu/SiO2Catalysts in 
the Conversion of Synthesis Gas to Methanol”, J. Catal., 178(2), 1998, pp. 
511-519.
 
 Gotti, A., Prins, R., “Basic Metal Oxides as Co-Catalysts in the Conversion of 
Synthesis Gas to Methanol on Supported Palladium Catalysts”, J. Catal., 175(2), 
1998, pp. 302-311.
 
 Grabbe, A., “A mass spectrometry study of the surface chemical activities of 
thorium oxide and cerium-doped thorium oxide”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of 
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1989.
 
 Grabke, H. J., “The use of isotope exchange reactions for the study of oxygen 
transfer from H2O and from CO2 to metals and oxides”, in “The Use of Tracers to 
Study Heterogeneous Catalysis” (J. Happel, M. A. Hnatow, eds.), Ann. NY Acad. 
Sci., 213, 1973, pp. 110-136.
 
 Gradassi, M. J., “Economics of selected natural gas conversion processes”, Stud. 
Surf. Sci. Catal., 119, 1998, pp. 35-44.
 
 Gradassi, M. J., “Catalysis: Wrapping it in Concrete and Steel”, Stud. Surf. 
Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 49-54.
 
 Grassi, G., “Energy from biomass in the European communities”, in “Synthetic 
Fuels” (G. E. Beghi, ed.), D. Riedel Publishing Co., Boston, 1985, pp. 455-489.
 
 Grau, J. M., Parera, J. M., “Conversion of heavy n-alkanes into light isomers 
over H-mordenite, platinum/H-mordenite, platinum/alumina and composite 
catalysts”, Appl. Catal. A, 106(1), 1993, pp. 27-49.
 
 Grau, J. M., Vera, C. R., Parera, J. M., “Preventing self-poisoning in [Pt/Al2O3 
+ (SO4)2−-ZrO2] mixed catalysts for isomerization-cracking of heavy alkanes by 
prereduction of the acid function”, Appl. Catal. A, 227(1-2), 2002, pp. 217-230.
 
 Gray, D., “Gas-to-liquids: the opportunities, technologies, and issues”, in 
“Gas-to-Liquids Processing, March 18-20, 1998, San Antonio, Texas”, Intertech 
Conferences, Portland, ME, 1998, speaker 3.
 
 Gray, D., Tomlinson, G., “A technical and economic comparison of natural gas and 
coal feedstocks for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 107, 
1997, pp. 145-152.
 
 Greensfelder, B. S., Voge, H. H., “Catalytic Cracking of Pure Hydrocarbons – 
cracking of paraffins”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 37(6), 1945, pp. 514-520.
 
 Greensfelder, B. S., Voge, H. H., “Catalytic Cracking of Pure Hydrocarbons – 
cracking of olefins”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 37(10), 1945, pp. 983-988.
 
 Greensfelder, B. S., Voge, H. H., Good, G. M., “Catalytic Cracking of Pure 
Hydrocarbons – aromatics and comparison of hydrocarbon classes”, Ind. Eng. 
Chem., 37(12), 1945, pp. 1168-1176.
 
 Greyson, M., “Methanation”, chapter 6 in “Catalysis – Volume IV” (P. H. Emmett, 
ed.), Reinhold Publishing, NY, 1956, pp. 473-512.
 
 Grimes, G., “Economicas and experience of blendin Fischer-Tropsch diesel at 
Paramount Petroleum”, in “Gas-to-Liquids Processing ’99 – Bringing clean fuels 
and chemicals to market”, Intertech Conferences, Portland, ME, 1999, speaker 17.
 
 Gronchi, P., Marengo, S., Mazzocchia, C., Tempesti, E., Del Rosso, R., “On the 
formation of oxygenated products by CO hydrogenation with lanthana promoted 
rhodium catalysts”, React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., January, 1997, pp.
 
 Grubb, D. T., “Extrapolation of n-alkane melting temperatures”, Macromolecules, 
18(11), 1985, pp. 2282-2285.
 
 Guan, N., Liu, Y., Zhang, M., “Development of catalysts for the production of 
aromatics from syngas”, Catal. Today, 30(1-3), 1996, pp. 207-213.
 
 Guczi, L., “Supported bimetallic catalysts derived from molecular metal 
clusters”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 29, 1986, pp. 547-574.
 
 Guczi, L., Lazar, K., Boskovic, G., Kis, E., Putanov, P., “Promotor effects of 
Ca, Mo, Al on Fe/MgO catalyst on CO hydrogenation”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 61, 
1991, pp. 251-256.
 
 Guczi, L., Schay, Z., “Role of bimetallic catalysts in catalytic hydrogenation 
and hydrogenolysis”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 27, 1986, pp. 313-335.
 
 Guczi, L., Schay, Z., Matusek, K., Bogyay, I., Stefler, G., “Structure and 
Catalytic Activity of RuFe Bimetallic Catalysts Prepared from Metal Carbonyl 
Cluster”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 7A, 1981, p. 211-223.
 
 Guerrero-Ruiz, A., Badenes, P., Rodrguez-Ramos, I., “Study of some factors 
affecting the Ru and Pt dispersions over high surface area graphite-supported 
catalysts”, Appl. Catal. A, 173(2), 1998, pp. 313-321.
 
 Guglielminotti, E., Bond, G. C., “Effect of oxidation–reduction treatments on 
the infrared spectra of carbon monoxide chemisorbed on a Ru/TiO2 catalyst”, Far. 
Trans., 1990, pp. 979-987.
 
 Guglielminotti, E., Giamello, E., Pinna, F., Strukul, G., Martinengo, S., 
Zanderighi, L., “Hydrogenation of carbon monoxide over Rh/ZrO2 catalysts 
promoted by molybdenum oxide”, in “New Frontiers in Catalysis – Proceedings of 
the 10th International Congress on Catalysis, Budapest, 19-24 July, 1992” (L. 
Guczi, et al., eds.), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1993, Part C, pp. 2761-2764.
 
 Guglielminotti, E., Osella, D., Stanghellini, P.L., “The anchoring of 
[HFeCo3(CO)12] to oxide supports”, J. Organomet. Chem., 281(2-3), 1985, pp. 
291-298.
 
 Guglielminotti, E., Pinna, F., Rigoni, M., Strukul, G., Zanderighi, L., “The 
effect of iron on the activity and the selectivity of Rh/ZrO2 catalysts in the 
CO hydrogenation”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 103(2), 1995, pp. 105-116.
 
 Guglielminotti, E., Spoto, G., Zecchina, A., “An IR investigation of CO 
chemisorbed on ruthenium microcrystals supported on silica”, Surf. Sci., 161(1), 
1985, pp. 202-220.
 
 Gupta, A., Teja, A. S., Zhu, J-Y., Chai, X. S., “Henry's constants of n-alkanols 
in water at temperatures between 40 C and 90 C”, Fluid Phase Equ., 17, 2000, pp. 
183-192.
 
 Gupta, P., “Churn-turbulent bubble columns: Experiments and modeling”, 
Dissertation, Washington University, St. Louis, 2002.
 
 Guseva, A.N., Ashkinadze, L. D., Leifman, I. Y., “Study of infra-red spectra of 
solid petroleum waxes”, Petrol. Chem. USSR, 2(4), 1963, pp. 445-449.
 
 Gusmão, J., Brodzki, D., Djéga-Mariadassou, G., Frety, R., “Utilization of 
vegetable oils as an alternative source for diesel-type fuel: hydrocracking on 
reduced Ni/SiO2 and sulphided Ni-Mo/-Al2O3”, Catal. Today, 5(4), 1989, pp. 
533-544.
 
 Gustafson, B. L., Wehner, P. S., “Selective production of alpha olefins from 
synthesis gas over ZnO supported Pd_Fe bimetallics”, ACS Div. Fuel Chem. Prepr., 
31(3), 1986, pp. 116-123.
 
 Gut, G., Kut, O. M., Yuecelen, F., Wagner, D., “Liquid-phase hydrogenation: the 
role of mass and heat transfer in slurry reactors”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 27, 
2986, pp. 517-545.
 
 Guyer, A., Gartenmann, E., Guyer, P., List, B., “Über die Mikrostruktur von 
Kobalt-Katalysatoren”, Helv. Chim. Acta, 38(4), 1955, pp. 960-971.
 
 Guyer, A., Guyer, P., Schneider, F., Marfurt, H. R., “Über die 
Kohlenoxyd-Hydrierung an Ruthenium-Katalysatoren”, Helv. Chim. Acta, 38(3), 
1955, pp. 798-809.
 
 Guyer, A., Jutz, J., Guyer, P., “Über die Kohlenoxydhydrierung an 
Rutheniumkatalysatoren. 2. Mitteilung. Selektivität und Mikrostruktur von 
Ruthenium-Kontakten”, Helv. Chim. Acta, 38(4), 1955, pp. 971-976.
 
 Guyer, P., Thomas, D., Guyer, A., “Über die Kohlenoxyd-Hydrierung an 
Ruthenium-katalysatoren 3. Mitteilung. Kohlenoxyd-Hydrierung zwischen 100 und 
2000 at”, Helv. Chim. Acta, 42(2), 1959, pp. 481-484.
 
 Habermehl-Cwirzen K., Kauraala K. and Lahtinen J., “Hydrogen on Cobalt: The 
Effects of CO and S on the D2/Co(0001) System”, Physica Scripta, T108, 2004, pp. 
28-32.
 
 Habermehl-Ćwirzeń, K., Lahtinen, J., “Sulfur poisoning of the CO adsorption on 
Co(0001)”, Surf. Sci., 573(2), 2004, pp. 183-190.
 
 Hadden, S. T., “Heat capacity of hydrocarbons in the normal liquid range”, J. 
Chem. Eng. Data, 15(1), 1970, pp. 92-98.
 
 Hagemann, H., Strauss, H. L., Snyder, R. G., “Structure and crystallization of 
n-C21H44, n-C36H74, and low-molecular-weight polyethylene glasses”, 
Macromolecules, 20(11), 1987, pp. 2810-2819.
 
 Halvorsen, S., Vinje, K., Lofthus, S., Dahl, I. M., “CO-hydrogenation over 
Co-catalysts on surface modified silica support”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 61, 
1991, pp. 281-288.
 
 Hamilton, G. W., “Texas lignite and the national synthetic fuel effort”, M. S. 
Thesis, University of Texas, Austin, 1980.
 
 Hammers, W. E., De Ligny, C. L., Vaas, L. H., “Thermodynamics of n-alkane 
systems and the solution theories of Flory and Prigogine”, J. Polymer Sci. - 
Polymer Phys., 11(3), 1973, pp. 499-510.
 
 Han, Y. Z., Fujimoto, K., Shikada, T., “Dimethyl Ether Synthesis from Syngas in 
Slurry Phase”, Ionics, 21, 1995, pp. 61-64.
 
 Hanaoka, T., Arakawa, H., Matsuzaki, T., Sugi, Y., Kanno, K., Abe, Y., “Ethylene 
hydroformylation and carbon monoxide hydrogenation over modified and unmodified 
silica supported rhodium catalysts”, Catal. Today, 58(4), 2000, pp. 271-280.
 
 Hanlon, R. T., Kennedy, C. R., Ware, R. A., Wong, S. S., “High temperature 
sensitivity of paraffin hydrocracking”, in “New Frontiers in Catalysis – 
Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Catalysis, Budapest, 19-24 
July, 1992” (L. Guczi, et al., eds.), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1993, Part C, 
pp. 2423-2426.
 
 HanSheng, L., Fei, R., Jinfu, W., “Progress in Development of Direct Mass 
Production Technique of Dimethyl Ether from Synthesis Gas in a Slurry Reactor”, 
Chem. Ind. Eng. Prog., 23(9), 2004, pp. 921-924.
 
 Happel, J., Fthenakis, V., Suzuki, I., Yoshida, T., Ozawa, S., “Transient 
itotope tracing of methanation over nickel catalyst”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 
7A, 1981, pp. 542-553.
 
 Harris, M. M., “Investigations Into The Reduction Of Coordinated Carbon Monoxide 
On Carbonyl Complexes Of Cobalt And Iron”, Ph. D. Thesis, State University of 
New York, Buffalo, 1986.
 
 Harrison, C., Winnick, J., “Excess volume of mixing on n-alkane mixtures”, J. 
Chem. Eng. Data, 12(2), 1967, pp. 176-178.
 
 Harrison, D., Reingold, A., Turner, W., “Volume Changes in Petroleum Waxes as 
Determined from Refractive Index Measurements”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Eng. Data Ser., 
3(2), 1958, pp. 352-359.
 
 Haulait-Pirson, M. C., Huys, G., Vanstraelen, E., “New predictive equation for 
the solubility of solid n-alkanes in organic solvents”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 
26(3), 1987, pp. 447-452.
 
 Hausberger, A. L., Knight, C. B., Atwood, K., “Development of methanation 
catalysts for the synthetic natural gas processes”, ACS Adv. Chem. Ser., 146, 
1975, pp. 41-70.
 
 Haw, J. F., Glass, T. E., Hausler, D. W., Motell, E., Dorn, H. C., “Direct 
coupling of a liquid chromatograph to a continuous flow hydrogen nuclear 
magnetic resonance detector for analysis of petroleum and synthetic fuels”, 
Anal. Chem., 52(7), 1980, pp. 1135-1140.
 
 Hayek, K., Kramer, R., Paal, Z., “Metal-support boundary sites in catalysis”, 
Appl. Catal. A, 162(1-2), 1997, pp. 1-15.
 
 Hayes, R. E., Thomas, W. J., “Catalyst deactivation by carbon formation in 
methanation”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 38, 1988, pp. 463-470.
 
 Haynes, W. P., Forney, A. J., Elliott, J. J., Pennline, H. W., “Synthesis of 
methane in hot gas recycle reactor pilto plant tests”, ACS Adv. Chem. Ser., 146, 
1975, pp. 87-112.
 
 Heilbronner, E., “A Simple Equivalent Bond Orbital Model for the Rationalization 
of the C2s-Photoelectron Spectra of the Higher n-Alkanes, in Particular of 
Polyethylene”, Helv. Chim. Acta, 60(7), 1977, pp. 2248-2257.
 
 Heitz, W., Wirth, Th., Peters, R., Strobl, G., Fischer, E. W., “Synthese und 
eigenschaften molekulareinheitlicher n-paraffine bis zum C140H282”, Die 
Makromolek. Chem., 162(1), 1972, pp. 63-79.
 
 Hekkert, M. P., Hendriks, F. H. J. F., Faaij, A. P. C., Neelis, M. L., “Natural 
gas as an alternative to crude oil in automotive fuel chains well-to-wheel 
analysis and transition strategy development”, Energy Policy, 33(5), 2005, pp. 
579-594.
 
 Henderson, L. M., Ferris, S. W., “Determination of Paraffin Wax in Crude Wax”, 
Ind. Eng. Chem., 19(2), 1927, pp. 262-264.
 
 Heng, H. C., Idrus, S., “The future of gas to liquids as a gas monetisation 
option”, J. Nat. Gas Chem., 13, 2004, pp. 63-70.
 
 Hensman, J. R., Ashley, M., “Modularised technology for GTL applications”, Petr. 
Tech. Q., 9(1), 2004, pp. 131-135.
 
 Herman, R. G., “Perspectives on the United States feedstocks for the production 
of energy and chemicals”, in “Catalytic Conversion of Synthesis Gas and Alcohols 
to Chemicals” (R. G. Herman, ed.), Plenum Press, NY, 1984, pp. 3-36.
 
 Herman, R. G., “Calssical and non-classical route for alcohol synthesis”, Stud. 
Surf. Sci. Catal., 64, 1991, pp. 265-349.
 
 Hermsen, R. W., Prausnitz, J. M., “Statistical thermodynamics of liquid 
hydrocarbons Part I-Pure components”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 21(9), 1966, pp. 791-802.
 
 Herrmann, J.-M., “Metal-TiO2 catalysts – electronic effects during H2 
chemisorption, CO-H2 interactions, and photocatalysis”, in “Strong Metal-Support 
Interactions” (R. T. K. Baker, et al., eds.), ACS, Washington, DC, 1986, pp. 
200-211.
 
 Herzog, K., Gaube, J., “Untersuchungen zur Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese an 
alkalisierten Eisen-Katalysatoren - Abhängigkeit der C-Zahl-Verteilung der 
Produkte von den Reaktions-bedingungen”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 57(9), 1985, pp. 
773-775.
 
 Herzog, K., Gaube, J., “Die Bedeutung der konkurrierenden Adsorption von 
1-Alkenen und Kohlenmonoxid für die 1-Alken-Selektivität der 
Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 56(12), 1984, pp. 916-917.
 
 Heskett, D., Plummer, E. W., dePaola, R. A., Eberhardt, W., Moser, H. R., “Angle 
Resolved Photoemission Study of the Orientation and Electronic Interactions of 
CO+K/Ru(001) in the Low Coverage Regime”, Phys. Rev. B, 33, 1986, p. 5171.
 
 Hicks, C. P., Young, C. L., “Activity coefficients of C4–C8 n-alkanes in C16–C32 
n-alkanes”, Trans. Far. Soc., 1968, pp. 2675-2682.
 
 Hilberath, F., “Composition of the synthetic benzine from carbon monoxide and 
hydrogen (kogasin) and suitability of its mono-olefins fro production of 
lubricating oil”, Feuerungstech., 29, 1941, p. 191.
 
 Hillman, D. E., “Characterization and analysis of waxes by gel permeation 
chromatography”, Anal. Chem., 43(8), 1971, pp. 1007-1013.
 
 Hilsenrath, P. E., “Coal-Based Synthetic Fuels: The South African Experience”, 
Ph. D. Thesis, University of Texas, Austin, 1985.
 
 Himpsel, F. J., Christmann, K., Heimann, P., Eastman, D. E., Feibelman, P. J., 
“Adsorbate band dispersions for C on Ru(0001)”, Surf. Sci. Lett., 115(3), 1982, 
pp. L159-L164.
 
 Hinman, J. C., “Fuels and chemicals from biomass : shifting the industrial 
resource base”, M. S. Thesis, University of Texas, Austin, 1984.
 
 Hipeaux, J. C., Born, M., Durand, J. P., Claudy, P., Letoffe, J. M., 
“Physico-chemical characterization of base stocks and thermal analysis by 
differential scanning calorimetry and thermomicroscopy at low temperature”, 
Thermochim. Acta, 348(1-2), 2000, pp. 147-159.
 
 Hissam, M. A., Nichols, D. G., “An integrated process model of the 
Fischer-Tropsch process for liquid fuels production from coal”, in “Modeling and 
simulation. Volume 7 - Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Pittsburgh Conference, 
Pittsburgh, Pa., April 26, 27, 1976”, Instrument Society of America, 1976, part 
1, pp. 671-675.
 
 Hoek, A., Kersten, L. B. J. M., “The Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis Process: 
Technology, Products and Perspective”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 
25-30.
 
 Hofer, L. J. E., “Crystalline phases and their relation to Fischer-Tropsch 
catalysts”, chapter 4 in “Catalysis – Volume IV” (P. H. Emmett, ed.), Reinhold 
Publishing, NY, 1956, pp. 373-442.
 
 Hoffman, J. D., “Growth rate of extended-chain crystals: the lateral surface 
free energy of pure n-C94H190 and a fraction ~C207H416”, Macromolecules, 18(4), 
1985, pp. 772-786.
 
 Hoffman, J. D., Decker, B. F., “Solid State Phase Changes in Long Chain 
Compounds”, J. Phys. Chem., 57(5), 1953, 520-529.
 
 Hoffmann, F. M., Weisel, M. D., “In situ observation of a formate intermediate 
during CO hydrogenation over alkali-promoted Ru(001) at high pressures”, Surf. 
Sci., 253(1-3), 1991, pp. L402-L406.
 
 Hoflund, G. B., Mount, C. K., Gilbert, R. E., “Evidence for a surface reaction 
between H and CO adsorbed on polycrystalline Pt”, Reac. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 
1995, pp.
 
 Houalla, M., Kibby, C. L., Pourarian, F., Petrakis, L., Hercules, D. M., 
“Surface characterization of methanation catalysts formed by oxidation of 
nickel-cerium intermetallics”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 38, 1988, pp. 243-250.
 
 Hsiung, S. Y., Kung, K. M., “A study on the synthesis of liquid fuels from 
carbon monoxide and hydrogen”, J. Chinese Chem. Soc., 8, 1941, p. 112.
 
 Hu, C., Chen, Y., Li, P., Min, H., Tian, A., Chen, Y., “Temperature-programmed 
FT-IR study of the adsorption of CO and co-adsorption of CO and H2 on Ni/Al2O3”, 
J. Molec. Catal. A, 110(2), 1996, pp. 163-169.
 
 Hu, C., Hu, H., Li, M., Tian, A., “Comparative study of the interaction of CO 
and CO2 with Ni2 cluster”, J. Molec. Struc., 491(1-3), 1999, pp. 155-160.
 
 Hu, P., King, D. A., Lee, M.-H., Payne, M. C., “Orbital Mixing in CO 
Chemisorption on Transition Metal Surfaces”, Chem. Phys. Lett., 246, 1995, pp. 
73-78.
 
 Huang, T. J., Haag, W. O., “Aronatic gasoline from hydrogen/carbon monoxide over 
ruthenium/zeolite catalysts”, chapter 20 in “Catalytic Activation of Carbon 
Monoxide”, ACS Symp. Ser. 152, 1981, pp. 307-323.
 
 Huang, Y.-J., Schwarz, J. A., “The effect of catalyst preparation on catalytic 
activity: II. The design of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts prepared by wet impregnation”, 
Appl. Catal., 30(2), 1987, pp. 255-263.
 
 Huang, Y.-J., Schwarz, J. A., “The effect of catalyst preparation on catalytic 
activity: III. Thecatalytic activity of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts prepared by incipient 
wetness”, Appl. Catal., 32, 1987, pp. 45-57.
 
 Hucul, D. A., “Supported Transition Metal Carbonyls As A New Class Of 
Heterogeneous Catalysts”, Ph. D. Thesis, Wayne State University, 1980.
 
 Hueper, W. C., “Experimental carcinogenic studies on hydrogenated coal oils. II. 
Fischer-Tropsch oils”, Ind. Med. Surg., 25(10), 1956, pp. 459-462.
 
 Hugues, F., Bussiere, P., Basset, J. M., Commereuc, D., Chauvin, Y., Bonneviot, 
L., Olivier, D., “Catalysis by supported clusters: chemisorption, decomposition 
and catalytic properties in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of Fe3(CO)12, 
[HFe3(CO)11]- (and Fe(CO)5) supported on highly divided oxides”, Stud. Surf. 
Sci. Catal., 7A, 1981, pp. 418-431.
 
 Huh, B. K., “Structural effects in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over bimetallic 
supported catalysts”, Ph. D. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 
1985.
 
 Hussain, S, T., Atta, M. A., “Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation Over Ru-Mn-K/Al2O3 
Catalysts”, Turk. J. Chem., 21, 1997, pp. 77-83.
 
 Hwang, S. J., “Hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a draft tube gas-liquid solid 
spouted bed”, Ph. D. Thesis, Ohio State University, Columbus, 1985.
 
 Ibok, E. E., “The Theory And Application Of Temperature Programmed Desorption In 
The Study Of Unsupported Iron And Iron-Copper Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 
Catalysts”, Ph. D. Thesis, Princeton University, 1981.
 
 Ichikawa, M., “Catalytic synthesis of ethanol from CO and H2 under atmospheric 
pressure over pyrolysed rhodium carbonyl clusters on TiO2, ZrO2, and La2O3”, J. 
Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1978, pp. 566-567.
 
 Ichikawa, M., Fukushima, T., “Mechanism of syngas conversion into C2-oxygenates 
such as ethanol catalysed on a SiO2-supported Rh–Ti catalyst”, J. Chem. Soc. 
Chem. Comm., 1985, pp. 321-323.
 
 Ichikawa, M., Fukushima, T., Yokoyama, T., Kosugi, N., Kuroda, H., “EXAFS 
evidence for direct rhodium-iron bonding in silica-supported rhodium-iron 
bimetallic catalysts”, J. Phys. Chem., 90(7), 1986, pp. 1222-1224.
 
 Ichikawa, M., Hoffmann, P. E., Fukuoka, A., “13C and 18O labelling Fourier 
transform IR studies on C- and O-ended CO chemisorption on Mn-promoted Rh/SiO2 
catalysts”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., 1989, pp. 1395-1396.
 
 Ichikawa, M., Sekizawa, K., Shikakura, K., Kawai, M., “Metal-support interaction 
of Rh4 Rb13 carbonyl clusters impregnated on Ti- and Zr-oxide-containing silica 
and and their catalytic activities in the conversion of CO-H2 to ethanol”, J. 
Molec. Catal., 11(2-3), 1981, pp. 167-179.
 
 Ichikawa, M., Xiao, F.-S., Magpanty, C. G., Fukuoka, A., Henderson, W., Shriver, 
D. F., “RuCo and IrFe bimetallic carbonyl cluster-derived catalysts for 
selectivity control in CO hydrogenation towards C1-C3 alcohols”, Stud. Surf. 
Sci. Catal., 61, 1991, pp. 297-204.
 
 Ichikawa, S., “Preparation and chemisorption properties of a supported rhodium 
catalyst approaching atomic dispersion”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1989, pp. 
403-405.
 
 Idriss, H., Diagne, C., Hindermann, J. P., Kinnemann, A., Barteau, M. A., 
“Effect of addition of Pd, Co, and Pd-Co on CeO2. Syngas conversion and 
acetaldehyde reaction”, in “New Frontiers in Catalysis – Proceedings of the 10th 
International Congress on Catalysis, Budapest, 19-24 July, 1992” (L. Guczi, et 
al., eds.), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1993, Part C, pp. 2123-2126.
 
 Iglesia, E., “Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on cobalt catalysts: structural 
requirements and reaction pathways”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 107, 1997, pp. 
153-162.
 
 Iizuka, T., Tanaka, Y., Tanabe, K., “Hydrogenation of carbon monoxide and carbon 
dioxide over supported rhodium catalysts”, J. Molec. Catal., 17(2-3), 1982, pp. 
381-389.
 
 Inoue, T., Iizuka, T., “Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide over 
supported platinum catalysts”, J. Chem. Soc. Far. Trans. 1, 1986, pp. 1681-1686.
 
 Inoue, T., Iizuka, T., Tanabe, K., “Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide and carbon 
monoxide over supported rhodium catalysts under 10 bar pressure”, Appl. Catal., 
46(1), 1989, pp. 1-9.
 
 Inoue, M., Miyake, T., Inui, T., Takegami, Y., “Ruthenium-based catalyst for the 
gas-phase synthesis of alcohols from CO and H2”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 
1983, pp. 70-72.
 
 Inui, T., Sezume, T., Miyaji, K., Takegami, Y., “Pronounced improvement of 
methanation activity by modification of the pore structure of the catalyst 
support”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1979, pp. 873-874.
 
 Inui, T., Yamamoto, T., Inoue, M., Hara, H., Takeguchi, T., Kim, J.-B., “Highly 
effective synthesis of ethanol by CO2-hydrogenation on well balanced 
multi-functional FT-type composite catalysts”, Appl. Catal. A, 186(1-2), 1999, 
pp. 395-406.
 
 Iranmahboob, J., Hill, D. O., Toghiani, H., “Characterization of K2CO3/Co-MoS2 
catalyst by XRD, XPS, SEM, and EDS”, Appl. Surf. Sci., 185(1-2), 2001, pp. 
72-78.
 
 Ishihara, T., Eguchi, K., Arai, H., “Importance of surface hydrogen 
concentration in enhancing activity of CoNi alloy catalyst for CO 
hydrogenation”, J. Molec. Catal., 72(2), 1992, pp. 253-261.
 
 Ishino, M., Deguchi, T., Takano, T., Nakamura, S., “Ethylene glycol formation 
from carbon monoxide and hydrogen by homogeneous rhenium catalysts”, J. Molec. 
Catal., 49(3), 1989, pp. 315-322.
 
 Ivanovszky, L., “Waxes: Colloidal properties and systems”, J. Polymer Sci., 
58(166), 1962, pp. 273-288.
 
 Jackson, N. B., “Technical opportunities in Fischer-Tropsch processing”, in 
“Gas-to-Liquids Processing ’99 – Bringing clean fuels and chemicals to market”, 
Intertech Conferences, Portland, ME, 1999, speaker 11.
 
 Jacobs, G., Graham, U. M., Chenu, E., Patterson, P. M., Dozier, A., Davis, B. 
H., “Low-temperature water–gas shift: impact of Pt promoter loading on the 
partial reduction of ceria and consequences for catalyst design”, J. Catal., 
229(2), 2005, pp. 499-512.
 
 Jacobs, P. A., “Metal clusters and zeolites”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 29, 1986, 
pp. 357-414.
 
 Jacobs, P. A., Martens, J. A., Weitkamp, J., Beyer, H. K., “Shape-selectivity 
changes in high-silica zeolites”, Far. Disc. Chem. Soc., 1981, pp. 353-369.
 
 Jarrett, W. L., Mathias, L. J., Alamo, R. G., Mandelkern, L., Dorset, D. L., 
“Thermally-induced molecular motion and premelting in hexacontane”, 
Macromolecules, 25(13), 1992, pp. 3468-3472.
 
 Jasper, J. J., Kerr, E. R., Gregorich, F., “The Orthobaric Surface Tensions and 
Thermodynamic Properties of the Liquid Surfaces of the n-Alkanes, C5 to C28”, J. 
Am. Chem. Soc., 75(21), 1953, pp. 5252-5254.
 
 Jenkins, S. J., King, D. A., “Adsorbate/Substrate Bonding in Co{1010}/K-c(2x2) 
Elucidated Through First-Principles Theory”, Chem. Phys, Lett., 317, 2000, pp. 
372-380.
 
 Jennings, D. W., Weispfennig, K., “Experimental solubility data of various 
n-alkane waxes: effects of alkane chain length, alkane odd versus even carbon 
number structures, and solvent chemistry on solubility”, Fluid Phase Equ., 
227(1), 2005, pp. 27-35.
 
 Jeon, S. H., Ree, T., Oh, I. J., “Chain Length Effect on the Configurational 
Properties of an n-Alkane Chain in Solution”, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 7(5), 
1986, pp. 367-371.
 
 Jha, S. K., Madras, G., “Modeling the solubilities of high molecular weight 
n-alkanes in supercritical carbon dioxide”, Fluid Phase Equil., 225, 2004, pp. 
59-62.
 
 Ji, D.-C., Liu, S.-L., Wang, Q.-X., Xu, L.-Y., “Catalytic Alcohols Synthesis 
from CO and H2O on TiO2 Catalysts Calcined at Various Temperatures”, Stud. Surf. 
Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 433-438.
 
 Ji, W., Kuo, Y., Shen, S., Li, S., Wang, H., XANES, EXAFS, and reaction studies 
of some well-dispersed ferric oxide catalysts”, in “New Frontiers in Catalysis – 
Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Catalysis, Budapest, 19-24 
July, 1992” (L. Guczi, et al., eds.), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1993, Part C, 
pp. 2069-2062.
 
 Ji, Y., Xiang, H., Li, Y., Zhong, B., “Catalytic Performance of Coprecipitated 
Fe-Mn Catalyst in F-T Synthesis”, J. Chem. Ind. Eng., 55(10), 2004, pp. 
1644-1649.
 
 Jiang, M., Liu, Y., Wong, S. T., Howe, R. F., “CO hydrogenation over metal 
clusters in zeolites”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 61, 1991, pp. 305-312.
 
 Jin, H., Liu, D., Yang, S., He, G., Guo, Z., Tong, Z., “Experimental Study of 
Oxygen Mass Transfer Coefficient in Bubble Column with High Temperature and High 
Pressure”, Chem. Eng. Tech., 27(12), 2004, pp. 1267-1272.
 
 Jin, H., Yang, S., Tong, Z., “Application of gamma-Ray Attenuation for Axial 
Distribution of Holdups in Large-scale Bubble Column with Evaluated Pressure”, 
J. Chem. Ind. Eng., 55(9), 2004, pp. 1523-1527.
 
 Jin, Y., Wunderlich, B., “Heat capacities of paraffins and polyethylene”, J. 
Phys. Chem., 95(22), 1991, pp. 9000-9007.
 
 Jingfa, D., Qi, S., Yulong, Z., Songying, C., Dong, W., “A novel process for 
preparation of a Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 ultrafine catalyst for methanol synthesis from CO2 
+ H2: comparison of various preparation methods”, Appl. Catal. A, 139(1-2), 
1996, pp. 75-85.
 
 Johnson. J. F., “Phase Transformations in Commercial Paraffin Waxes”, Ind. Eng. 
Chem., 46(5), 1954, pp. 1046-1048.
 
 Jones, D. F., “Microbiological oxidation of long-chain aliphatic compounds. Part 
II. Branched-chain alkanes”, J. Chem. Soc. C, 1968, pp. 2809-2815.
 
 Jones, D. F., Howe, R., “Microbiological oxidation of long-chain aliphatic 
compounds. Part I. Alkanes and alk-1-enes”, J. Chem. Soc. C, 1968, pp. 
2801-2808.
 
 Joo, O.-S., Jung, K.-D., Moon, I., Rozovskii, A. Ya., Lin, G. I., Han, S.-H., 
Uhm, S.-J., “Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation To Form Methanol via a 
Reverse-Water-Gas-Shift Reaction (the CAMERE Process)”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 
38(5), 1999, pp. 1808-1812.
 
 Jordan, D. S., “The Influence Of Low Molecular Weight Olefins On Co 
Hydrogenation Over Silica-Supported Ruthenium”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of 
California, Berkeley, 1987.
 
 Joyce, P. C., “Vapor-liquid equilibria for long-chain hydrocarbons in 
supercritical alkane solvents”, Ph. D. Thesis, Clemson University, 1999.
 
 Joyner, R. W., “Electron spectroscopy applied to the study of reactivity at 
metal surfaces - A review”, Surf. Sci., 63, 1977, pp. 291-314.
 
 Ju, W.-S., Choi, C. W., Lee, S.-H., Cho, W., Hwang, J.-S., Park, S.-E., Baek, 
Y.-S., “Catalytic reactivity for the formation of dimethyl ether from synthesis 
gas over hybrid catalysts”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 153, 2004, pp. 441-444.
 
 Juan, A., Moro, C. C., Damiani, D. E., “Molybdenum oxide-supported Pd catalysts; 
characterisation and evaluation in the syngas reaction”, Coll. & Surf. A. 
122(1-3), 1997, pp. 257-263.
 
 Jung, H., “Dynamic x-ray diffraction studies of reduction and carbon monoxide 
hydrogenation over iron catalysts”, Ph. D. Thesis, Washington State University, 
1991.
 
 Juntgen, H., “Activated carbon as catalyst support - A review of new research 
results”, Fuel, 65(10), 1986, pp. 1436-1446.
 
 Kadinov, G., Todorova, S., Palazov, A., “Transient response study of the 
oxidation and hydrogenation of catbon monoxide adsorbed on Pd/Al2O3”, in “New 
Frontiers in Catalysis – Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on 
Catalysis, Budapest, 19-24 July, 1992” (L. Guczi, et al., eds.), Akademiai 
Kiado, Budapest, 1993, Part C, pp. 2817-2820.
 
 Kalakkad, D. S., Datye, A. K., Robota, H. J., “Pt-CeO2 Contact and Its Effect on 
CO Hydrogenation Selectivity”, J. Catal., 148(2), 1994, pp. 729-736.
 
 Kaliko, M. A., Pelevina, R. S., Pervushina, M. N., Fedotova, T. V., “Preparation 
of higher normal α-olefins by catalytic conversion of paraffins”, Petrol. Chem. 
USSR, 5(1), 1966, pp. 10-21.
 
 Kalt, J. P., Stillman, R. S., “The Role of Governmental Incentives in Energy 
Production: An Historical Overview”, Ann. Rev. Energy, 5, 1980, pp. 1-32.
 
 Kamble, V. S., Gupta, N. M., Iyer, R. M., “Temperature programmed desorption of 
carbon monoxide adsorbed on molecular sieves: and Ru/molecular sieves”, paper 73 
in “Challenges in Catalysis Science and Technology – Volume II” (S. R. Naidu, B. 
K. Banerjee, eds.), B. K. Banerjee at Allied Traders, New Delhi, 1987, pp. 
691-698.
 
 Kaminsky, M. P., “Investigation of the reaction intermediates and catalyst 
composition that are relevant for CO hydrogenation”, Ph. D. Thesis, Pennsylvania 
State University, University Park, 1985.
 
 Kamoun, S., Ledard, V., Gal, J., Barrault, J., Yu, L. T., “Electrochemical 
characterization of Mn-Fe oxides catalysts used in the conversion of syngas into 
light olefins”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 61, 1991, pp. 325-332.
 
 Kang, Y., Kim, S. D., “On The Heat Transfer Mechanism In Three Phase Fluidized 
Beds”, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 5(2), 1988, pp. 154-163.
 
 Kang, Y., Shim, J. S., Kim, S. D., Ko, M. H., Kim, S. D., “Fractal Analysis Of 
Pressure Fluctuations In A Three Phase Bubble Column Reactor Operating At Low 
Pressure”, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 13(3), 1996, pp. 317-323.
 
 Kao, S.-C., “Synthetic Aspects Of Carbon-Monoxide Chemistry”, Ph. D. Thesis, 
University of Texas, Austin, 1981.
 
 Kapteijn, F., Moulijn, J. A., “Methanation of CO over alkali metal–carbon 
catalysts”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1984, pp. 278-279.
 
 Karandikar, B. M., “An Experimental Study Of Gas Liquid Mass Transfer At 
Fischer-Tropsch Reaction Conditions”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 
1986.
 
 Karger, B. L., Hartkopf, A., “Rapid gas chromatographic separation of 
hydrocarbons over 200.degree. below their boiling points using water as liquid 
phase”, Anal. Chem., 40(1), 1968, pp. 215-217.
 
 Karimi, A., Tavassoli, A., Azizi, M., “Comparing the Effects of Promoters on 
Cobalt Catalyst in FTS at SBCR and FB reactors”, Tahghigh, Quart. Bull. RIPI, 
47, 2003.
 
 Kaukasoina, P., Lindroos, M., Hu, P., King, D. A., Barnes, C. J., “Full 
Structure Determination of an Alkali Metal/CO co-Adsorption Phase, for 
Co{1010}-c(2x2)-(K+CO)”, Phys. Rev. B, 51, 1995, pp. 17063-17067.
 
 Kaul, B. K., Prausnitz, J. M., “Second Virial Coefficients of Gas Mixtures 
Containing Simple Fluids and Heavy Hydrocarbons”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 
16(3), 1977, pp. 335-340.
 
 Kazi, A. M., Chen, B., Goodwin, J. G., Marcelin, G., Rodriguez, N., Baker, T. 
K., “Li+ Promotion of Pd/SiO2: The Effect on Hydrogenation, Hydrogenolysis, and 
Methanol Synthesis”, J. Catal., 157(1), 1995, pp. 1-13.
 
 Kelley, R. D., Madey, T. E., Revesz, K., Yates, J. T., Jr., “Kinetics of carbon 
monoxide hydrogenation on a polycrystalline nickel ribbon catalyst”, Appl. Surf. 
Sci., 1(2), 1978, pp. 266-277.
 
 Kellner, C. S., “The Mechanism And Kinetics Of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Over 
Supported Ruthenium Catalysts”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of California, 
Berkeley, 1981.
 
 Kelusky, E. C., Smith, I. C. P., Elliger, C. A., Cameron, D. G., “Molecular 
motions in the solid phases of n-heneicosane: a deuteron NMR study”, J. Am. 
Chem. Soc., 106(8), 1984, pp. 2267-2270.
 
 Keogh, R. A., Srinivasan, R., Davis, B. H., “The effect of Pt concentration on 
the activity and selectivity of (SO4)2−-ZrO2 catalysts for the hydrocracking and 
hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane”, Appl. Catal. A, 140(1), 1996, pp. 47-57.
 
 Kertes, A. S., King, C. J., “Extraction chemistry of low-molecular-weight 
aliphatic alcohols”, Chem. Rev., 87(4), 1987, pp. 687-710.
 
 Khanra, B. C., Bertolini, J. C., Rousset, J. L., “Effect of surface segregation 
on the catalytic activity of alloys: CO hydrogenation on Pd-Ni(111) surface”, J. 
Molec. Catal. A, 129(2-3), 1998, pp. 233-240.
 
 Khodakov, A. Y., Ducreux, O., Lynch, J., Rebours, B., Chaumette, P., “Structural 
modification of cobalt catalyst: effect of wetting studied by x-ray and infrared 
techniques”, Rev. IFP, 54(4), 1999, pp. 525-536.
 
 Khodakov, A. Y., Girardon, J. S., Griboval-Constant, A., Lermontov, A. S., 
Chernavski, P. A., “Genesis of Active Sites in Silica Supported Cobalt 
Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts: Effect of Cobalt Precursor and Support Texture”, 
Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 295-300.
 
 Kieffer, R., Varela, J., Deluzarche, A., “Reaction of carbon monoxide and 
hydrogen on rare earth metal oxide catalysts”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 
1983, pp. 763-764.
 
 Kiennemann, A., Boujana, S., Diagne, C., Courty, Ph., Chaumette, P., “Use of 
probe molecules to predict the performances of alcohols synthesis catalysts”, 
Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 61, 1991, pp. 243-250.
 
 Kijemski, J., Glinski, M., Pepllonski, R., “The carbon monoxide hydrogenation 
over superbasic and superbase-ferrous metal bifunctional catalysts”, J. Molec. 
Catal., 25(1-3), 1984, pp. 227-239.
 
 Kikuchi, E., Aranishi, Y., Koizumi, A., Morita, Y., “Hydrogenation of CO on 
lamellar compound of graphite with iron”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 7B, 1981, pp. 
1436-1437.
 
 Kilo, M., Hund, M., Sauer, G., Wokaun, A., Baiker, A., “Reaction induced surface 
segregation in amorphous CuZr, NiZr and PdZr alloys - an XPS and SIMS depth 
profiling study”, J. Alloys & Compounds, 236(1-2), 1996, pp. 137-150.
 
 Kilo, M., Weigel, J., Baiker, A., Wokaun, A., Koeppel, R.A., Stoeckli, A., 
“Effect of the addition of chromium- and manganese oxides on structural and 
catalytic properties of copper/zirconia catalysts for the synthesis of methanol 
from carbon dioxide”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 126(2-3), 1997, pp. 169-184.
 
 Kim, H., Jang, Y. H., Hwang, S., “C-H bond activation of formate on clean and 
K-covered Ru(001): A theoretical study”, Surf. Sci., 340(3), 1995, pp. 245-257.
 
 Kim, J.-S., Lee, S.-B., Choi, M.-J., Lee, Y. K., Lee, K.-W., “Catalytic 
hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to light olefins in a fluidized bed reactor”, 
Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 153, 2004, pp. 177-180.
 
 Kim, J.-S., Lee, S.-B., Kang, M. C., Lee, K. W., Choi, M. J., Kang, Y., 
“Promotion of CO2 Hydrogenation to Hydrocarbons in Three-Phase Catalytic 
(Fe-Cu-K-Al) Slurry Reactors”, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 20(5), 2003, pp. 967-972.
 
 Kim, J.-S., Song, S.-H., Lee, S.-B., Choi, M.-J., Ko, M.-H., Kang, Y., “Heat 
Transfer Characteristics in Gas-Liquid-Liquid-Solid Fluidized Beds”, J. Korean 
Ind. Eng. Chem., 15(7), 2004, pp. 797-802.
 
 Kim, K., “FT-IR Spectroscopic Characterization of Oxidized and Reduced Titania”, 
Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 11(5), 1990, pp. 396-398.
 
 Kim, W.-Y., Hanaoka, T., Kishida, M., Wakabayashi, K., “Hydrogenation of carbon 
monoxide over zirconia-supported palladium catalysts prepared using water-in-oil 
microemulsion”, Appl. Catal. A, 155(2), 1997, pp. 283-289.
 
 Kim, Y., Strauss, H. L., Snyder, R. G., “Conformational disorder in crystalline 
n-alkanes prior to melting”, J. Phys. Chem., 93(21), 1989, pp. 7520-7526.
 
 King, A. M., Garner, W. E., “The melting points of long-chain carbon compounds”, 
J. Chem. Soc., 1936, pp. 1368-1372.
 
 King, R. W., Kust, M. A., Kurtz, S. S., Jr., “Carbon-Type Analysis of 
Lubricating Oil. Significance of Pure Compound Data”, Anal. Chem., 32(7), 1960, 
pp. 738-745.
 
 Kinsel, A., Phillips, J., “Method for Classification of Petroleum Waxes”, Ind. 
Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed., 17(3), 1945, pp. 152-156.
 
 Kis, E., Lomic, G., Boskovic, G., Neducin, R., Putanov, P., Catalyst component 
interactions in Ag-Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst for carbon oxygenate synthesis”, in 
“New Frontiers in Catalysis – Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on 
Catalysis, Budapest, 19-24 July, 1992” (L. Guczi, et al., eds.), Akademiai 
Kiado, Budapest, 1993, Part C, pp. 2809-2812.
 
 Kishida, M., Hanaoka, T., Kim, W. Y., Nagata, H., Wakabayashi, K., “Size control 
of rhodium particles of silica-supported catalysts using water-in-oil 
microemulsion”, Appl. Surf. Sci., 121-122, 1997, pp. 347-350.
 
 Kishida, M., Ichiki, K.-I., Hanaoka, T., Nagata, H., Wakabayashi, K., 
“Preparation method for supported metal catalysts using w/o microemulsion: Study 
on immobilization conditions of metal particles by hydrolysis of alkoxide”, 
Catal. Today, 45(1-4), 1998, pp. 203-208.
 
 Kiskinova, M., “Interaction of CO with single crystal metal surfaces”, Stud. 
Surf. Sci. catal., 64, 1991, pp. 37-86.
 
 Kiselev, S. B., Ely, J. F., “Crossover SAFT Equation of State: Application for 
Normal Alkanes”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 38(12), 1999, pp. 4993-5004.
 
 Kislev, A. V., Nikitin, Y. S., Petrova, R. S., Shcherbakova, K. D., Yashin, Y. 
I., “Effect of Pore Size of Silica Gels on the Separation of Hydrocarbons”, 
Anal. Chem., 36(8), 1964, pp. 1526-1533.
 
 Kitzelmann, D., Vielstich, W., Dittrich, T., “Zur selektiven Hydrierung von 
Kohlenmonoxid zu C2- bis C4-Olefinen”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 49(6), 1977, pp. 
463-468.
 
 Klier, K., “Catalytic chemistry of low alcohol synthesis – following R. B. 
Anderson’s lead”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 38, 1988, pp. 439-456.
 
 Knapstad, B., Skjoelsvik, P. A., Oeye, H. A., “Viscosity of pure hydrocarbons”, 
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 34(1), 1989, pp. 37-43.
 
 Knifton, J. F., Grigsby, R. A. Jr., Herbstman, S., “Alcohol/ester fuels from 
synthesis gas”, in “Catalytic Conversion of Synthesis Gas and Alcohols to 
Chemicals” (R. G. Herman, ed.), Plenum Press, NY, 1984, pp. 81-96.
 
 Knoechel, D. J., “Moessbauer Spectroscopic Studies Of Iron-57-Surface Enriched 
Iron-56 Core Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Catalysis”, Ph. D. Thesis, Purdue 
University, 1986.
 
 Knozinger, H., Gates, B. C., “CO hydrogenation catalysis and supported metal 
clusters”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 29, 1986, pp. 531-545.
 
 Ko, E. I., Lester, J. E., Marcelin, G., “Metal-support ineractions in Ni 
catalusys – a comparative study of kinetic and magnetic behavior between Nb2O5 
and phosphate supports”, in “Strong Metal-Support Interactions” (R. T. K. Baker, 
et al., eds.), ACS, Washington, DC, 1986, pp. 123-135.
 
 Ko, M. K., “Mass-transfer analysis of the liquid-phase methanol synthesis 
process”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Akron, 1987.
 
 Koch, H. Billig, R., “The preparation of solid paraffin hydrocarbons produced in 
the benzine synthesis of Franz Fischer and Tropsch (atmospheric pressure 
synthesis), Brennstoff-Chem., 21, 1940, p. 157.
 
 Koch, H. Billig, R., “The preparation of lubricants from solid paraffin 
hydrocarbons of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (atmospheric pressure synthesis) 
by way of their olefinic cracked distillates”, Brennstoff-Chem., 21, 1940, p. 
169.
 
 Koerts, T., van Santen, R.A., “The reaction path for recombination of surface 
CHx species”, J. Molec. Catal., 70(1), 1991, pp. 119-127.
 
 Koerts, T., Welters, W. J. J., van Santen, R. A., Nonneman, L. E. Y., Ponec, V., 
“Promotion by vanadium compounds of the reaction steps in the synthesis gas 
reaction catalysed by rhodium”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 61, 1991, pp. 235.242.
 
 Kohno, Y., Yamamoto, T., Tanaka, T., Funabiki, T., “Photoenhanced reduction of 
CO2 by H2 over Rh/TiO2 - Characterization of supported Rh species by means of 
infrared and X-ray absorption spectroscopy”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 175(1-2), 2001, 
pp. 173-178.
 
 Kohno, Y., Tanaka, T., Funabiki, T., Yoshida, S., “Photoreduction of carbon 
dioxide with hydrogen over ZrO2”, Chem. Comm., 1997, pp. 841-842.
 
 Kolb, M., Agnelli, M., Mirodatos, C., “Kinetics of bimodal grain size 
distribution of a Ni catalyst during hydrogenation of CO”, in “New Frontiers in 
Catalysis – Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Catalysis, 
Budapest, 19-24 July, 1992” (L. Guczi, et al., eds.), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 
1993, Part C, pp. 2833-2836.
 
 Komatsu, T., Fukui, Y., “Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on RuTi intermetallic 
compound catalyst”, Appl. Catal. A, 279(1-2), 2005, pp. 173-180.
 
 Komiyama, M., Yamamoto, K., Ogino, Y., “Preparation of supported rhenium 
carbonyls and their characterization by IR and XPS studies”, J. Molec. Catal., 
56(1-3), 1989, pp. 78-85.
 
 Korili, S. A., Sakellaropoulos, G. P., “Activity and selectivity of 
ruthenium-cobalt bimetallic catalysts in carbon monoxide hydrogenation”, in “New 
Frontiers in Catalysis – Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on 
Catalysis, Budapest, 19-24 July, 1992” (L. Guczi, et al., eds.), Akademiai 
Kiado, Budapest, 1993, Part C, pp. 2725-2728.
 
 Kose, R., Brown, W. A., King, D. A., “The Role of Lateral Interactions in 
Adsorption Kinetics:CO/Rh{100}”, J.Phys.Chem. B., 103, 1999, pp. 8722-8725.
 
 Kostas, J. N., “Temperature-programmed studies of alkali-promoted Ni/SiO2 
catalysts”, Ph. D. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986.
 
 Kostka, W. D., “The Preparation, Characterization, And Use Of Unsupported 
Iron-Cobalt Catalysts For Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis”, Ph. D. Thesis, Purdue 
University, 1981.
 
 Kovalchuk, V. I., Chesnokov, N. V., Mikova, N. M., Naimushina, L. V., Kuznetsov, 
B. N., “Mixed iron-rhodium carbidocarbonyl clusters on oxide supports: Chemistry 
and catalysis of syn-gas reactions”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 107(1-3), 1996, pp. 
329-337.
 
 Kovalchuk, V. I., Kuznetsov, B. N., “Hydrocarbon synthesis from CO and H2 on 
(Fe+Pt)/SiO2 catalysts”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 102(2), 1995, pp. 103-110.
 
 Kozlowski, R. H., Mason, H. F., Scott, J. W., “Preparation of Low Freezing Jet 
Fuels by Isocracking”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev., 1(4), 1962, pp. 276-280.
 
 Kramer, S., “Meeting the EPC challenge of large gas-to-liquids projects”, in 
“Gas-to-Liquids Processing, March 18-20, 1998, San Antonio, Texas”, Intertech 
Conferences, Portland, ME, 1998, speaker 6.
 
 Kreitman, K. M., “Manganese Oxide - Supported Iron Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 
Catalysts: Physical And Catalytic Characterization”, Ph. D. Thesis, Northwestern 
University, 1986.
 
 Krishna, R., “A Scale-up Strategy for a Commercial Scale Bubble Column Slurry 
Reactor for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis”, Rev. IFP, 55(4), 2000, pp. 359-393.
 
 Krishnamurthy, R., Chuang, S. S. C., “Temperature-programmed reaction and in 
situ infrared study of CO adsorbed on Rh/SiO2 and Ag-Rh/SiO2 catalysts”, 
Thermochim. Acta, 262, 1995, pp. 215-226.
 
 Krishnankutty, N., Vannice, M. A., “The Effect of Pretreatment on Pd/C Catalysts 
- II. Catalytic Behavior”, J. Catal., 155(2), 1995, pp. 327-335.
 
 Kroeker, R. M., Hansma, P. K., Kaska, W. C., “Hydrogenation of carbon monoxide 
on alumina-supported metals: a tenneling spectroscopy study”, chapter 13 in 
“Catalytic Activation of Carbon Monoxide”, ACS Symp. Ser. 152, 1981, pp. 
203-212.
 
 Krump, H., Alexy, P., Luyt, A. S., “Preparation of a maleated Fischer-Tropsch 
paraffin wax and FTIR analysis of grafted maleic anhydride”, Polymer Testing, 
24(2), 2005, pp. 129-135.
 
 Krzan, M., Lunkenheimer, K., Malysa, K., “On the influence of the surfactant's 
polar group on the local and terminal velocities of bubbles”, Colloids Surf. A, 
250(1-3), 2004, pp. 431-441.
 
 Kudchadker, A. P., Zwolinski, B. J., “Vapor Pressure and Boiling Points of 
Normal Alkanes, C21 to C100”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 11(2), 1966, pp. 253-255.
 
 Kuei, C.-K., Lee, J.-F., Lee, M.-D., “Temperature-programmed hydrogenation of 
carbon monoxide on supported nickel catalyst, multiple reaction sites and their 
interactions on Ni/TiO2”, J. Molec. Catal., 59(3), 1990, pp. 333-351.
 
 Kuipers, J. A. M., “Multilevel Modelling of Dispersed Multiphase Flows”, Rev. 
IFP, 55(4), 2000, pp. 427-435.
 
 Kulawska, M., Skrzypek, J., “Kinetics of the synthesis of higher aliphatic 
alcohols from syngas over a modified methanol synthesis catalyst”, Chem. Eng. 
Proc., 40(1), 2001, pp. 33-40.
 
 Kulkarni, A. A., “Hydrodynamic And Mass Transfer Characteristics Of Cocurrent 
Downflow Bubble Column”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 1983.
 
 Kulkarni, A. A., “Effect of Sparger Design on the Local Flow Field in a Bubble 
Column: Analysis Using LDA”, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 83(1), 2005, pp. 59-66.
 
 Kulkarni, A. A., Joshi, J. B., Ramkrishna, D., “Determination of bubble size 
distributions in bubble columns using LDA”, AIChE J., 50(12), 2004, pp. 
3068-3084.
 
 Kulshreshtha, S. K., Sasikala, R., Pushpa, K. K., Rao, K. A., Iyer, R. M., “On 
activation of FeTi: Surface effects”, Mater. Res. Bull., 24(5), 1989, pp. 
545-550.
 
 Kusama, H., Okabe, K., Arakawa, H., “Characterization of Rh-Co/SiO2 catalysts 
for CO2 hydrogenation with TEM, XPS and FT-IR”, Appl. Catal. A, 207(1-2), 2001, 
pp. 85-94.
 
 Kuznetsova, L. L., Anan’in, V. N., Pashis, A. V., Zaikovskii, V. I., Ziborov, A. 
V., Plyasova, L. M., “New metallo-ceramic supported catalysts for conversion of 
C1-compounds”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 61, 1991, pp. 383-392.
 
 Kuznetsov, V. L., Aleksandrov, M. N., Bulgakova, L. N., “Peculiarities of CO 
activation on ultra-dispersed Co catalysts obtained via thermal decomposition of 
surface carbonyl CO complexes”, J. Molec. Catal., 55(1), 1989, pp. 146-158.
 
 Kwon, H. W., Han, J. H., Kang, Y., Kim, S. D., “Bubble Properties And Pressure 
Fluctuations In Bubble Columns”, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 11(3), 1994, pp.204-210.
 
 Kwon, H. W., Kim, S. D., “Axial Dispersion Characteristics In Three Phase 
Fluidized Beds”, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 7(3), 1990, pp. 182-187.
 
 Loboda-Cackovic, J., Mousa, M. S., Block, J. H., Hammoudeh, A., “CO 
chemisorption on PdCu(110): A work function study”, Vacuum, 48(3-4), 1997, pp. 
187-190.
 
 Lafyatis, D. S., “The design and synthesis of carbon molecular sieve catalysts 
for shape selective catalysis”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Delaware, 1992.
 
 Lai, W. J., “Quantum chemistry study on the nature of the CO and H2 activation 
over CuO-ZnO catalysts for methanol synthesis”, J. Molec. Struct., 257(1-2), 
1992, pp. 217-224.
 
 Laine, J., Calafat, A., “High pressure reaction of methanol with CO or CO+H2 
catalyzed by sulfided CoMo/C”, Appl. Catal. A, 133(1), 1995, pp. 67-79.
 
 Larson, E. D., Tingjin, R., “Synthetic fuel production by indirect coal 
liquefaction”, Energy Sustain. Dev., 7(4), 2003, pp. 79-102.
 
 Lau, C. P., Chen, Y. Z., “Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formic acid using a 
6,6'-dichloro-2,2'-bipyridine complex of ruthenium, 
cis-[Ru(6,6′-Cl2bpy)2(H2O)2](CF3SO3)2”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 101(1), 1995, pp. 
33-36.
 
 Lavrov, N. V., Korobov, V. V., Filippova, V. I., “Equilibria in synthesis 
reactions from industrial gases”, chapter 4 in “The Thermodynamics of 
Gasification and Gas-Synthesis Reactions” (G. H. Skinner, trans.), Pergamon 
Press, NY, 1963, pp. 99-110.
 
 Laxmi Narasimhan, C. S., Thybaut, J. W., Marin, G. B., Denayer, J. F., Baron, G. 
V., Martens, J. A., Jacobs, P. A., “Relumped single-event microkinetic model for 
alkane hydrocracking on shape-selective catalysts: catalysis on ZSM-22 pore 
mouths, bridge acid sites and micropores”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 59(22-23), 2004, pp. 
4765-4772.
 
 Layton, C. W., “Determination of Oil in Paraffin Waxes”, Anal. Chem., 22(9), 
1950, pp. 1168-1169.
 
 Ledakowicz, S., “Methanol synthesis”, chapter 1 in “Three-phase sparged 
reactors” (K. D. P. Nigam and A. Schumpe, eds.), Gordon and Breach Publishers, 
Amsterdam, 1996, pp. 387-421.
 
 Ledford, J. S., Kim, Y.-M., Houalla, M., Proctor, A., Hercules, D. M., “Surface 
analysis of lanthanum-modified cobalt catalysts. Invited lecture”, Analyst, 
1992, pp. 323-327.
 
 Lee, C. P., “Microstructure and kinetics on supported metal catalysts”, Ph. D. 
Thesis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 1986.
 
 Lee, G. H., Huh, S. H., Jung, H. I., “Nanophase Iron Clusters Produced by CO2 
Laser Multiphoton-Decomposition of Fe(CO)5: Their Generation and 
Characterization”, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 17(8), 1996, pp. 686-687.
 
 Lee, J. W., Chang, S., Chung, W.-I., “A Study on the Chemisorption of Carbon 
Monoxide on Silica-Supported Rhodium”, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 10(6), 1989, pp. 
535-542.
 
 Lee, R., Kalichevsky, V. A., “Determining Oil Content of Paraffin Waxes”, Ind. 
Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed., 14(10), 1942, pp. 767-769.
 
 Lee, S., “Coal liquefaction for alternative liquid fuels”, Chapter 4 in 
“Alternative Fuels”, Taylor & Francis, Washington D. C., 1996, pp. 165-222.
 
 Lee, S.-B., Kim, J.-S., Lee, W.-Y., Lee, K.-W., Choi, M.-J., “Product 
distribution analysis for catalytic reduction of CO2 in a bench scale fixed bed 
reactor”, Stud. Surf. Sci. catal., 153, 2004, pp. 73-78.
 
 Lee, S.-C., Jang, J.-H., Lee, B.-Y., Jeong, T., Choung, S.-J., “The effect of 
catalyst pore structure change into the selectivity and conversion of CO2 
hydrogenation over Fe-K/gamma-Al2O3”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 153, 2004, pp. 
185-188.
 
 Lee, S.-C., Kim, D.-J., Jang, J.-H., Kim, Y.-C., Kang, M., Jang, B.-H., Choung, 
S.-J., “Preparation and Characteristics of Catalytic Pellets for CO2 
Hydrogenation”, J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem., 15(7), 2004, pp. 720-727.
 
 Lee, T.-W., Greenkorn, R. A., Chao, K.-C., “Statistical Thermodynamics of Group 
Interactions in Pure-n-Alkane and n-Alkanol-1 Liquids”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 
11(3), 1972, pp. 293-302.
 
 Leet, J., “Potential applications of Fischer-Tropsch fuels”, in “Gas-to-Liquids 
Processing, March 18-20, 1998, San Antonio, Texas”, Intertech Conferences, 
Portland, ME, 1998, speaker 16.
 
 Leibner, W., Rothaemel, M., Wagner, J., “Creating value from stranded natural 
gas”, Petr. Tech. Q., 8(4), 2003, pp.
 
 Leibnitz, E., Hager, W., Finke, M., “Studien zur Chemie der Paraffine und 
Paraffinmassen. III. Über Harnstoffeinschlußverbindungen eines Paraffingatsches 
aus der Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese”, J. Praktische Chem., 7(3-4), 1958, pp. 
155-162.
 
 Leibnitz, E., Heinze, G., Pitzler, R.-J., “Studien zur Harnstoffaddition. I. Die 
Trennung von Fischer-Gatsch in methanolischer Harnstofflösung”, J. Praktische 
Chem., 12(1-2), 1960, pp. 35-43.
 
 Leibnitz, E., Herrmann, W., Hager, W., Heinze, G., Kaiser, R., Mittelstaedt, O., 
Moll, H., Schlief, H., “Studien über die Oxydation von n-Alkanen bei niederen 
Temperaturen (100°-130° C) mit Luft zu vorwiegend Fettsäuren. VII. Die 
Technische Paraffin-Oxydation im Spiegel der Kennzahlen”, J. Praktische Chem., 
6(3-4), 1958, pp. 145-169.
 
 Lenhert, D., “The oxidation of JP-8 and its surrogates in the low and 
intermediate temperature regime”, Ph. D. Thesis, Drexel University, 2005.
 
 Leon y Leon, C. A., Vannice, M., A., “Adsorption and catalytic properties of 
Pd/SiO2, Cu/SiO2, and Pd-Cu/SiO2 systems - III. Carbon monoxide and benzene 
hydrogenation over Pd-Cu/SiO2 catalysts”, Appl. Catal., 69(1), 1991, pp. 
305-321.
 
 Levec, J., Goto, S., “Mass transfer and kinetics in three-phase reactors”, 
chapter 19 in “Handbook of Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 2: Mass Transfer and 
Reactor Design” (N. P. Cheremisinoff, ed.), Gulf Publishing, Houston, 1986, pp. 
869-902.
 
 Levin, M., Salmeron, M., Bell, A. T., Somorjai, G. A., “The influence of TiOx 
deposits on a polycrystalline Rh foil on CO adsorption and deposition”, Surf. 
Sci., 169(1), 1986, pp. 123-137.
 
 Lewnard, J. J., Hsiung, T. H., “Temperature effects on catalyst activity in the 
liquid phase methanol process”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 38, 1988, pp. 141-152.
 
 Ley, W. W., Drickamer, H. G., “Vibrational pressure tuning spectroscopy of the 
polymethylene chain. 1. Various n-alkanes from C8H18 to C36H74”, J. Phys. Chem., 
93(20), 1989, pp. 7257-7261.
 
 Li, D., Ichikuni, N., Shimazu, S., Uematsu, T., “Catalytic properties of sprayed 
Ru/Al2O3 and promoter effects of alkali metals in CO2 hydrogenation”, Appl. 
Catal. A, 172(2), 1998, pp. 351-358.
 
 Li, D.-B., Yang, C., Zhang, H.-R., Li, W.-H., Sun, Y.-H.; Zhong, B., “A Catalyst 
with High Activity and Selectivity for the Synthesis C2.+-OH: ADM Catalyst 
Modified by Nickel”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 391-396.
 
 Li, J., Davis, B. H., “Effect of Water on the Catalytic Properties of Supported 
Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 
307-312.
 
 Li, J.-L., Zhu, Q.-M., Hu, J.-L., Yuan, N.-J., “Surface kinetics and periodic 
operation of higher alcohol synthesis”, in “New Frontiers in Catalysis – 
Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Catalysis, Budapest, 19-24 
July, 1992” (L. Guczi, et al., eds.), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1993, Part C, 
pp. 2729-2732.
 
 Li, X., Feng, L., Liu, Z., Zhong, B., Dadyburjor, D. B., Kugler, E. L., “Higher 
Alcohols from Synthesis Gas Using Carbon-Supported Doped Molybdenum-Based 
Catalysts”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 37(10), 1998, pp. 3853-3863.
 
 Li, X.-H., Asami, K., Luo, M.-F.; Fujimoto, K., “Synthesis of Isoparaffins from 
Synthesis Gas”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 367-372.
 
 Li, Y., He, D., Cheng, Z., Su, C., Li, J., Zhu, Q., “Effect of calcium salts on 
isosynthesis over ZrO2 catalysts”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 175(1-2), 2001, pp. 
267-275.
 
 Li, Y., He, D., Yuan, Y., Cheng, Z., Zhu, Q., “Influence of acidic and basic 
properties of ZrO2 based catalysts on isosynthesis”, Fuel, 81(11-12), 2002, pp. 
1611-1617.
 
 Li, Y., He, D., Yuan, Y., Cheng, Z., Zhu, Q., “Selective Formation of Isobutene 
from CO Hydrogenation over Zirconium Dioxide Based Catalysts”, Energy & Fuels, 
15(6), 2001, pp. 1434-1440.
 
 Li, Z., Fu, Y., Bao, J., Jiang, M., Hu, T., Liu, T., Xie, Y.-N., “Effect of 
cobalt promoter on Co-Mo-K/C catalysts used for mixed alcohol synthesis”, Appl. 
Catal. A, 220(1-2), 2001, pp. 21-30.
 
 Li, Z.-R., Fu, Y.-L., Jiang, M., “Structures and performance of Rh-Mo-K/Al2O3 
catalysts used for mixed alcohol synthesis from synthesis gas”, Appl. Catal. A, 
187(2), 1999, pp. 187-198.
 
 Lillard, J. G., Jones, W. C., Jr., Anderson, J. A., Jr., “Molecular Structure 
and Properties of Lubricating Oil Components”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 44(11), 1952, 
pp. 2623-2631.
 
 Lin, F. N., Pennella, F., “Effects of cobalt on synthesis gas reactions over 
copper based catalysts”, in “Catalytic Conversion of Synthesis Gas and Alcohols 
to Chemicals” (R. G. Herman, ed.), Plenum Press, NY, 1984, pp. 53-64.
 
 Lin, P.-Z., Liang, D.-B., Luo, H.-Y., Xu, C.-H., Zhou, H.-W., Huang, S.-Y., Lin, 
L.-W., “Synthesis of C2+-oxygenated compounds directly from syngas”, Appl. 
Catal. A, 131(2), 1995, pp. 207-214.
 
 Lin, T., “Zeolite supported iron-cobalt catalysts for the Fischer-Tropsch 
synthesis”, Ph. D. Thesis, Northwestern University, Evanston, 1984.
 
 Lin, T.-J., “Pressure and temperature effects on bubble column and liquid-solid 
fluidized bed”, Ph. D. Thesis, Ohio State University, 1996.
 
 Linek, V., Moucha, T., Kordac, M., “Mechanism of mass transfer from bubbles in 
dispersions”, Chem. Eng. Proc., 44(3), 2005, pp. 353-361.
 
 Lisitsyn, A. S., Golovin, A. V., Chuvilin, A. L., Kuznetsov, V. L., Romanenko, 
A. V., Danilyuk, A. F., Yermakov, Y. I., “Thermal decomposition of metal 
carbonyls on oxide supports containing surface hydrides: A route to highly 
dispersed metal catalysts with unusual properties”, Appl. Catal., 55(1), 1989, 
pp. 235-258.
 
 Liu, K.-J., Ullman, R., “On the possibility of chain folding in solutions of 
normal paraffins and polyethylene”, J. Polymer Sci. A-2, 6(3), 1968, pp. 
451-456.
 
 Liu, Z., Sun, C., Wang, G., Wang, Q., Cai, G., “New progress in R&D of lower 
olefin synthesis”, Fuel Proc. Tech., 62(2-3), 2000, pp. 161-172.
 
 Liu, Z.-P., Hu, P., “General Trends in CO Dissociation on Transition Metal 
Surfaces”, J. Chem. Phys., 114, 2001, pp. 8244-8247.
 
 Llorca, J., Homs, N., Rossell, O., Seco, M., Fierro, J.-L. G., de la Piscina, P. 
R., “Highly dispersed cobalt in CuCo/SiO2 cluster-derived catalyst”, J. Molec. 
Catal. A, 149(1-2), 1999, pp. 225-232.
 
 Lo, H. Y., “Diffusion coefficients in binary liquid n-alkane systems”, J. Chem. 
Eng. Data, 19(3), 1974, pp. 236-241.
 
 Lo Jacono, M., Schiavello, M., “The influence of preparation methods on 
structural and catalytic properties of transition metal ions supported on 
alumina”, in “Preparation of Catalysts – Scientific Bases for the Preparation of 
Heterogeneous Catalysts” (B. Delmon, et al., eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1976, 
pp. 473-487.
 
 Loaiza-Gil, A., Arenas, J., Villarroel, M., Imbert, F., del Castillo, H., 
Fontal, B., “Heavier alcohols synthesis on cobalt phyllosilicate catalysts”, J. 
Molec. Catal. A, 228(1-2), 2005, pp. 339-344.
 
 Loek, T., Favre, F., van der Lee, G., Ponec, V., “Heterogeneous catalytic 
insertion mechanism of the C2 oxygenate formation”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 
1985, pp. 230-231.
 
 Logan, A. D., Braunschweig, E. J., Datye, A. K., Smith, D. J., “The oxidation of 
small rhodium metal particles”, Ultramicroscopy, 31(1), 1989, pp. 132-137.
 
 Loggenberg, P. M., Copperthwaite, R. G., Everson, R. C., Sellschop, J. P.F., 
“Surface characterisation of carbon monoxide hydrogenation catalysts under 
reducing conditions, using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and auger electron 
spectroscopy”, Appl. Surf. Sci., 31(3), 1988, pp. 327-340.
 
 Lok, C. M., “Novel Highly Dispersed Cobalt Catalysts for Improved 
Fischer-Tropsch Productivity”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 283-288.
 
 Londhe, V. P., Kamble, V. S., Gupta, N. M., “Effect of hydrogen reduction on the 
CO adsorption and methanation reaction over Ru/TiO2 and Ru/Al2O3 catalysts”, J. 
Molec. Catal. A, 121(1), 1997, pp. 33-44.
 
 Lopmann, B., “The production of motor fules by the Fischer-Tropsch process”, Oel 
u. Kohle, 40, 1944, p. 183.
 
 Lowe, A., Mendoza-Frohn, C., “Soot oxidation on supported catalysts - Effects of 
pretreatment at high temperatures”, Appl. Catal., 66(1), 1990, pp. L11-L16.
 
 Lübbert, A., Lapin, A., “Dynamic Numerical Experiments with 3D-Bubble Columns. 
Analysis of some Key Mixing Mechanisms”, Rev. IFP, 51(2), 1996, pp. 269-277.
 
 Ludwig, F. J., “Analysis of Microcrystalline and Paraffin Waxes by Means of 
Infrared Spectra in the Molten State”, Anal. Chem., 37(13), 1965, pp. 1737-1741.
 
 Ludwig, F. J., “Analysis of Microcrystalline Waxes by Gas-Liquid 
Chromatography”, Anal. Chem., 37(13), 1965, pp. 1732-1737
 
 Luengo, M. A. M., Sermon, P. A., Sun, Y., Vong, M. S. W., Self, V. A., 
“Comparison of the surface reactivity and bulk properties of ZnO and ZrO2: 
supports for CO hydrogenation catalysts”, Solid State Ionics, 101-103(2), 1997, 
pp. 1049-1052.
 
 Lundqvist, B. I., “Theoretical aspects of adsorption and heterogeneous 
catalysis”, Vacuum, 33(10-12), 1983, pp. 639-649.
 
 Luo, H. Y., Zhang, W., Zhou, H. W., Huang, S. Y., Lin, P. Z., Ding, Y. J., Lin, 
L. W., “A study of Rh-Sm-V/SiO2 catalysts for the preparation of C2-oxygenates 
from syngas”, Appl. Catal. A, 214(2), 2001, pp. 161-166.
 
 Lyerla, J. R., Jr., McIntyre, H. M., Torchia, D. A., “A 13C Nuclear Magnetic 
Resonance Study of Alkane Motion”, Macromolecules, 7(1), 1974, pp. 11-14.
 
 MacLaren, F. H., “Evaluation of Quality of Paraffin Wax”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 
42(10), 1950, pp. 2134-2141.
 
 MacLaren, J. M., Pendry, J. P., Joyner, R. W., “The role of adatom geometry in 
the strength and range of catalyst poisoning”, Surf. Sci., 165(2-3), 1986, pp. 
L80-L84.
 
 MacPhail, R. A., Strauss, H. L., Snyder, R. G., Elliger, C. A., “Carbon-hydrogen 
stretching modes and the structure of n-alkyl chains. 2. Long, all-trans 
chains”, J. Phys. Chem., 88(3), 1984, pp. 334-341.
 
 Madden, H. H., Ertl, G., “Decomposition of carbon monoxide on a (110) nickel 
surface”, Surf. Sci., 35, 1973, pp. 211-226.
 
 Madey, T. E., “The geometry of CO on Ru(001): Evidence for bending vibrations in 
adsorbed molecules”, Surf. Sci., 79(2), 1979, pp. 575-588.
 
 Madikizela-Mnqanqeni, N. N., Coville, N. J., “The effect of cobalt and zinc 
precursors on Co (10%)/Zn (x%)/TiO2 (x=0, 5) Fischer-Tropsch catalysts”, J. 
Molec. Catal. A, 225(2), 2005, pp. 137-142.
 
 Madix, R. J., Ertl, G., Christmann, K., “Preexponential factors for hydrogen 
desorption from single crystal metal surfaces”, Chem. Phys. Lett., 62(1), 1979, 
pp. 38-41.
 
 Madon, R. J., Taylor, W. F., “Effect of sulfur on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: 
alkali-promoted precipitated cobalt-based catalysts”, chapter 8 in “Hydrocarbon 
Synthesis from Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen” (E. L. Kugler, F. W. Steffgen, 
eds.), ACS Adv. Chem. Ser. 178, 1979, pp. 93-112.
 
 Madsen, H. E. L., Boistelle, R., “Solubility of long-chain n-paraffins in 
pentane and heptane”, J. Chem. Soc. Far. Trans. 1, 1976, pp. 1078-1081.
 
 Madsen, H. E. L., Boistelle, R., “Solubility of octacosane and hexatriacontane 
in different n-alkane solvents”, J. Chem. Soc. Far. Trans. 1, 1979, pp. 
1254-1258.
 
 Maesen, Th. L. M., Schenk, M., Vlugt, T. J. H., de Jonge, J. P., Smit, B., “The 
Shape Selectivity of Paraffin Hydroconversion on TON-, MTT-, and AEL-Type 
Sieves”, J. Catal., 188(2), 1999, pp. 403-412.
 
 Maesen, Th. L. M., Schenk, M., Vlugt, T. J. H., Smit, B., “Differences between 
MFI- and MEL-Type Zeolites in Paraffin Hydrocracking”, J. Catal., 203(2), 2001, 
pp. 281-291.
 
 Maglietta, M., Zanazzi, E., Bardi, U., Jona, F., Jepsen, D. W., Marcus, P. M., 
“LEED analysis of the Co{001}c(2 × 2)-O structure”, Surf. Sci., 77(1), 1978, pp. 
101-108.
 
 Mahajan, D., Vijayaraghavan, P., “Selective synthesis of mixed alcohols 
catalyzed by dissolved base-activated highly dispersed slurried iron”, Fuel, 
78(1), 1999, pp. 93-100.
 
 Mair, B. J., Marculaitis, W. J., Rossini, F. D., “Separation of C18 to C25 
Fraction of Petroleum”, Anal. Chem., 29(1), 1957, pp. 92-100.
 
 Mair, B. J., Rossini, F. D., “Composition of Lubricating Oil Portion of 
Petroleum”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 47(5), 1955, pp. 1062-1068.
 
 Maitlis, P. M., “Fischer-Tropsch, organometallics, and other friends”, J. 
Organomet. Chem., 689(24), 2004, pp. 4366-4374.
 
 Mak, F. K., “A study of gasoline and distillate yield in the context of the 
Australian lead phase-out program”, Energy, 11(3), 1986, pp. 261-264.
 
 Makino, S., Koide, H., Murata, Y., “The benzine synthesis from carbon monoxide 
and hydrogen. LIII. Influence of aluminum oxide, silver, and other additiona 
agents upon the iron catalyst”, J. Chem. Soc. Ind. Japan, 43, 1940, p. 235.
 
 Mako, P. F., Samuel, W. A., “The SASOL approach to liquid fuels from coal via 
the Fischer-Tropsch reaction”, chapter 2-1 in “Handbook of Synfuels Technology” 
(R. A. Meyers, ed.), McGraw-Hill, NY, 1984, pp. 2-1 to 2-43.
 
 Maksimov, Y. V., Tsodikov, M. V., Bukhtenko, O. V., Ellert, O. G., Matveev, V. 
V., “Iron-Aluminum Cluster Catalysts Obtained by Alkoxy Synthesis. 2. 
Iron-Aluminum Catalysts for CO Hydrogenation: Selectivity - Structure Relation”, 
J. Catal., 148(1), 1994, pp. 119-124.
 
 Mandelkern, L., Alamo, R. G., Dorset, D. L., “Pre-Melting In The n-Alkanes: A 
Review”, Acta Chim. Hung., 1993, pp.
 
 Mandelkern, L., Prasad, A., Alamo, R. G., Stack, G. M., “Melting temperature of 
the n-alkanes and the linear polyethylenes”, Macromolecules, 23(15), 1990, pp. 
3696-3700.
 
 Mangone, C., “Gas to Liquids - Conversions Produce Extremely Pure Base Oils”, 
Machinery Lubrication Magazine, November, 2002.
 
 Mansker, L. D., “Characterization of working iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts 
using quantitative diffraction methods”, Ph. D. Thesis, The University of New 
Mexico, 1999.
 
 Marano, J. J., Thies, M. C., “Fischer-Tropsch thermophysical property data: a 
needs assessment for process design”, in “Gas-to-Liquids Processing ’99 – 
Bringing clean fuels and chemicals to market”, Intertech Conferences, Portland, 
ME, 1999, speaker 13.
 
 Marengo, S., Martinengo, S., Zanderighi, L., “Studies under transient conditions 
of CO hydrogenation over Rh catalysts using an automatized microreactor”, Chem. 
Eng. Sci., 47(9-11), 1992, pp. 2793-2798.
 
 Marengo, S., Miessner, H., Trunschke, A., Martinengo, S., Zanderighi, L., 
“Surface Reactivity of Rh Clusters on ZrO2 Modified by Mn, Fe and Mo”, Coll. 
Czech. Chem. Comm., 57(12), 1992, pp. 2565-2574.
 
 Marengo, S., Psaro, R., Dossi, C., Calmotti, S., Della Pergoda, R., “Promotion 
effects in methanol synthesis over MgO-supported Fe-Ir catalysts prepared from 
mixed metal clusters”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 101B, 1996, pp. 1411-1420.
 
 Marginean, P., Olariu, A., “Effect of heat treatment on the properties of 
nickel/chromia and nickel/alumina catalysts”, Appl. Catal. A, 140(1), 1996, pp. 
59-72.
 
 Marinas, J. M., Campelo, J. M., Luna, D., “New supported metallic nickel 
systems”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 27, 1986, pp. 411-457.
 
 Maroncelli, M., Qi, S. P., Strauss, H. L., Snyder, R. G., “Nonplanar conformers 
and the phase behavior of solid n-alkanes”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 104(23), 1982, 
pp. 6237-6247.
 
 Maroncelli, M., Strauss, H. L., Snyder, R. G., “Structure of the n-alkane binary 
solid n-C19H40/n-C21H44 by infrared spectroscopy and calorimetry”, J. Phys. 
Chem., 89(24), 1985, pp. 5260-5267.
 
 Marshall, A. W., “Comparison of Melting Point Methods for Wax”, Anal. Chem., 
22(6), 1950, pp. 842-844.
 
 Martens, J. A., Parton, R., Uytterhoeven, L., Jacobs, P. A., Froment, G. F., 
“Selective conversion of decane into branched isomers - A comparison of 
platinum/ZSM-22, platinum/ZSM-5 and platinum/USY zeolite catalysts”, Appl. 
Catal., 76(1), 1991, pp. 95-116.
 
 Martens, J. A., Uytterhoeven, L., Jacobs, P. A., Froment, G. F., “Isomerization 
of long-chain n-alkanes on Pt/H-ZSM-22 and Pt/H-Y zeolite catalysts and their 
intimate mixtures”, in “New Frontiers in Catalysis – Proceedings of the 10th 
International Congress on Catalysis, Budapest, 19-24 July, 1992” (L. Guczi, et 
al., eds.), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1993, Part C, pp. 2829-2832.
 
 Martens, J. A., Vanbutsele, G., Jacobs, P. A., Denayer, J., Ocakoglu, R., Baron, 
G., Arroyo, J. A. M., Thybaut, J., Marin, G. B., “Evidences for pore mouth and 
key–lock catalysis in hydroisomerization of long n-alkanes over 10-ring tubular 
pore bifunctional zeolites”, Catal. Today, 65(2-4), 2001, pp. 111-116.
 
 Martins, J. B. L., Longo, E., Rodrı´guez Salmon, O. D., Espinoza, V. A. A., 
Taft, C. A., “The interaction of H2, CO, CO2, H2O and NH3 on ZnO surfaces: an 
Oniom Study”, Chem. Phys. Lett., 400(4-6), 2004, pp. 481-486.
 
 Maruya, K., Hara, M., Kondo, J., Domen, K., Onisha, T., “Key reaction for 
formation of isobutene onver ZrO2 and isoprene over CeO2 in CO hydrogenation”, 
Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 101B, 1996, pp.1401-1410.
 
 Maruya, K., Takasawa, A., Haraoka, T., Aikawa, M., Arai, T., Domen, K., Onisha, 
T., “Mechanism of selective CO hydrogenation to isobutene over oxide catalyst”, 
in “New Frontiers in Catalysis – Proceedings of the 10th International Congress 
on Catalysis, Budapest, 19-24 July, 1992” (L. Guczi, et al., eds.), Akademiai 
Kiado, Budapest, 1993, Part C, pp. 2733-2736.
 
 Maruya, K.-I., Kawamura, M., Aikawa, M., Hara, M., Arai, T., “Reaction path of 
methoxy species to isobutene and its dependence on oxide catalysts in CO 
hydrogenation”, J. Organomet. Chem., 551(1-2), 1998, pp. 101-105.
 
 Maruya, K.-I., Komiya, T., Hayakawa, T., Lu, L., Yashima, M., “Active sites on 
ZrO2 for the formation of isobutene from CO and H2”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 159(1), 
2000, pp. 97-102.
 
 Maruya, K.-I., Maehashi, T., Haraoka, T., Narui, S., Domen, K., Onishi, T., 
“Control of product selectivity by catalyst preparation in CO–H2 reactions over 
ZrO2”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1985, pp. 1494-1495.
 
 Maruya, K.-I., Takasawa, A., Haraoka, T., Domen, K., Onishi, T., “Role of 
methoxide species in isobutene formation from CO and H2 over oxide catalysts: 
Methoxide species in isobutene formation”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 112(1), 1996, pp. 
143-151.
 
 Marwood, M., Van Vyve, F., Doepper, R., Renken, A., “Periodic operation applied 
to the kinetic study of CO2 methanation”, Catal. Today, 20(3), 1994, pp. 
437-448.
 
 Mathew, G., “Morphology studies of iron-manganese thin films on silicon and 
graphite substrates”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Kentucky, 1994.
 
 Matrana, B. A., “Temperature Programmed Decomposition, Methanation, And 
Fischer-Tropsch Studies With Supported Ruthenium Carbonyl Cluster Complexes”, 
Ph. D. Thesis, University of California, Los Angeles, 1982.
 
 Maxwell, I. E., “Zeolite catalysis in hydroprocessing technology”, Catal. Today, 
1(4), 1987, pp. 385-413.
 
 Mazanec, T., “Microchannel technology for gas-to-liquids conversion”, Petr. 
Tech. Q., 8(1), 2004, pp. 149-153.
 
 Mazanec, T., Perry, S., Tonkovich, L., Wang, Y., “Microchannel Gas-to-Liquids 
Conversion - Thinking Big by Thinking Small”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 
2004, pp. 169-174.
 
 Mazzocchia, C., Gronchi, P., Kaddouri, A., Tempesti, E., Zanderighi, L., 
Kiennemann, A., “Hydrogenation of CO over Rh/SiO2-CeO2 catalysts: kinetic 
evidences”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 165(1-2), 2001, pp. 219-230.
 
 Mazzocchia, C., Gronchi, P., Tempesti, E., Guglielminotti, E., Zanderighi, L., 
“Hydrogenation of CO over ZrO2-supported Rh catalysts: kinetic aspects”, J. 
Molec. Catal., 60(3), 1990, pp. 283-294.
 
 McClory, M. M., “Reactions of CO on silica-supported ruthenium: the effect of 
addition of alkali metal modifiers and bimetallic cluster formation on the 
catalytic properties of ruthenium”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Rhode Island, 
Kingston, 1985.
 
 McHenry, K. W., “The future tole of catalysis in energy processing”, Stud. Surf. 
Sci. Catal., 38, 1988, pp. 917-924.
 
 McKinley, C., “Nickel Catalysts in Acetylene and Carbon Monoxide Chemistry”, 
Ind. Eng. Chem., 44(5), 1952, pp. 995-999.
 
 McMahon, K. C., “The Preparation Of Small Metal Particles On Zeolites And Other 
Supports”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Connecticut, 1985.
 
 McQuire, M. W., Rochester, C. H., “In situ Fourier-transform infrared studies of 
CO–H2 reactions over Ru–Rh/SiO2 catalysts at high pressure and temperature”, 
Far. Trans., 1993, pp. 1117-1120.
 
 Melpolder, F. W., Brown, R. A., Washall, T. A., Doherty, W., Young, W. S., 
“Analysis of Lubricating Oil by Thermal Diffusion and Mass Spectrometry”, Anal. 
Chem., 26(12), 1954, pp. 1904-1908.
 
 Mead, W. L., “Field ionization mass spectrometry of heavy petroleum fractions. 
Waxes”, Anal. Chem., 40(4), 1968, pp. 743-747.
 
 Meernik, P. R., “Optical technique for the determination of bubble size 
distributions and its application to a three-phase fluidized bed system”, Ph. D. 
Thesis, Northwestern University, Evanston, 1983.
 
 Mendes, F. M. T., Noronha, F. B., Souza, C. D. D., da Silva, M. A. P., Gaspar, 
A. B., Schmal, M., “The Effect of Pressure on Promoted Ru and Re-Co/Niobia 
Catalysts in the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, 
pp. 361-366.
 
 Mernitz, K. S., “Firms in Conflict: Liquid Fuel Producers in the U.S. and 
Germany, 1910-1933”, Business & Economic Hist., 19, 1990, pp. 143-152.
 
 Messerly, J. F., Guthrie, G. B., Jr., Todd, S. S., Finke, H. L., 
“Low-temperature thermal data for pentane, n-heptadecane, and n-octadecane. 
Revised thermodynamic functions for the n-alkanes, C5-C18”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 
12(3), 1967, pp. 338-346.
 
 Mibashan, A., “On some physical properties of normal paraffins”, Trans. Far. 
Soc., 1945, pp. 374-380.
 
 Micheli, E., Antonelli, G. B., Sanfilippo, D., Cometa, B., Pecci, G. C., 
“Ethermix process: synthesis of ethers from CO/H2”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 
107, 1997, pp. 139-144.
 
 Miller, A. A., “Kinetic interpretation of the glass transition: Glass 
temperatures of n-alkane liquids and polyethylene”, J. Polymer Sci. A-2, 6(1), 
1968, pp. 249-257.
 
 Miller, M. L., “Transient kinetic studies of CO hydrogenation over 
silica-supported Rh and RhFe catalysts”, Ph. D. Thesis, Purdue University, 1985.
 
 Miller, R., Dawson, G., “Characterization of hydrocarbon waxes and polyethylenes 
by DSC”, Thermochim. Acta, 41(1), 1980, pp. 93-105.
 
 Miller, S. J., “New molecular sieve process for lube dewaxing by wax 
isomerization”, Microporous Materials, 2(5), 1994, pp. 439-449.
 
 Mills, G. A., “Alternative fuels from coal”, Chem. Tech., 1977, pp. 418-423.
 
 Minowa, T., Hanaoka, T., Yokoyama, S., “Process evaluation of biomass to liquid 
fuel production system with gasification and liquid fuel synthesis”, Stud. Surf. 
Sci. Catal., 153, 2004, pp. 79-84.
 
 Miyashita, Y., Okuyama, T., Ohsako, H., Sasaki, S., “Graph theoretical approach 
to carbon-13 chemical shift sum in alkanes”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111(9), 1989, 
pp. 3469-3470.
 
 Mizan, T. I., Klein, M. T., “Computer-assisted mechanistic modeling of 
n-hexadecane hydroisomerization over various bifunctional catalysts”, Catal. 
Today, 150(1), 1999, pp. 159-172.
 
 Moon, S. H., Park, C. W., Shin, H. K., “Catalytic properties of partially 
reduced Fe/SiO2 in CO hydrogenation”, in “New Frontiers in Catalysis – 
Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Catalysis, Budapest, 19-24 
July, 1992” (L. Guczi, et al., eds.), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1993, Part C, 
pp. 2757-2760.
 
 Moon, S. H., Park, C. W., Shin, H. K., Nam, I. S., Lee, J. S., Chung, J.S., 
“Effect Of Partial Metal Reduction On The Catalytic Property Of Fe/SiO2 In CO 
Hydrogenation”, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 8(2), 1991, pp.114-119.
 
 Moon, S. H., Yoon, K. E., “Kinetic behavior of partially reduced Co/Al2O3 
catalysts in CO hydrogenation”, Appl. Catal., 16(3), 1985, pp. 289-300.
 
 Moon, S. H., Yoon, K. E., “Effect Of Partial Metal Reduction On The Catalytic 
Property Of Cobalt”, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 5(1), 1988, pp. 47-52.
 
 Moon, S. H., Yoon, K. E., Kim, Y. G., “Enhancement Of Co Hydrogenation Activity 
On Incompletely Reduced Nickel Wire”, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 3(1), 1986, pp. 
61-65.
 
 Moradinia, I., Teja, A. S., “Solubilities of solid n-nonacosane and 
n-tritriacontane in supercritical ethane”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 33(3), 1988, pp. 
240-242.
 
 Moreno-Castilla, C., Salas-Peregrin, M. A., Lopez-Garzon, F. J., “Hydrogenation 
of CO2 and CO by Fe catalysts obtained from Fe2(CO)9 and Fe3(CO)12 clusters 
supported on activated carbons”, Fuel, 74(6), 1995, pp. 830-835.
 
 Moreno-Castilla, C., Salas-Peregrin, M. A., Lopez-Garzon, F. J., “Hydrogenation 
of carbon oxides by Ru/activated carbon catalysts obtained from Ru3(CO)12: 
Effect of pretreatment on their dispersion, composition and activity”, J. Molec. 
Catal. A, 95(3), 1995, pp. 223-233.
 
 Mori, S., Xu, W.-C., Ogasawara, N., Ishidzuki, T., Imai, J., Kobayashi, K., 
“Mechanochemical activation of catalysts for CO2 methanation”, Appl. Catal. A, 
137(2), 1996, pp. 255-268.
 
 Mori, T., Taniguchi, S., Mori, Y., Hattori, T., Murakami, Y., “Absence of high 
methanation activity of titania-supported rhodium, ruthenium and iridium 
catalysts in their strong metal–support interaction state”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. 
Commun., 1987, pp. 1401-1402.
 
 Mori, Y., Mori, T., Hattori, T., Murakami, Y., “Selectivities in carbon monoxide 
hydrogenation on rhodium catalysts as a function of surface reaction rate 
constants”, Appl. Catal., 66(1), 1990, pp. 59-72.
 
 Mori, Y., Mori, T., Hattori, T., Murakami, Y., “Design of a potassium-promoted 
Rh/Al2O3 catalyst for synthesis of C2 oxygenates by pulse surface reaction rate 
analysis”, Appl. Catal., 55(1), 1989, pp. 225-234.
 
 Morita, Y., “Marketability of GTL from Natural Gas”, Institute of Energy 
Economics (Japan) report, November 2001.
 
 Moritz, W., Imbihl, R., Behm, R. J., Ertl, G., Matsushima, T., “Adsorption 
geometry of hydrogen on Fe(110)”, J. Chem. Phy., 83(4), 1985, pp. 1959-1968.
 
 Morkel, M., Rupprechter, G., Freund, H.-J., “Ultrahigh vacuum and high-pressure 
coadsorption of CO and H on Pd(111): A combined SFG, TDS, and LEED study”, J. 
Chem. Phys., 119(20), 2003, pp. 10853-10866.
 
 Morozova, O. S., Krylov, O. V., Kryukova, G. N., Plyasova, L. M., “Effect of 
initial nickel and iron oxide morphology on their structural transformation in 
CO/H2 mixture”, Catal. Today, 33(1-3), 1997, pp. 323-334.
 
 Morozova, O. S., Kryukova, G. N., Shashkin, D. P., Plyasova, L. M., Krylov, O. 
V., “Peculiarities of Nickel Oxide Structure Transformation upon CO 
Hydrogenation - II. Dynamics of Phase Transformation”, J. Catal., 158(1), 1996, 
pp. 13-22.
 
 Morozova, O. S., Streletskii, A. N., Berestetskaya, I. V., Borunova, A. B., “CO 
and CO2 hydrogenation under mechanochemical treatment”, Catal. Today”, 38(1), 
1997, pp. 107-113.
 
 Morris, F. J., Adkins, L. R., “Specific Gravity of Paraffin Wax”, Ind. Eng. 
Chem., 19(2), 1927, pp. 301-302.
 
 Mortensen, H., “The dissociative adsorption dynamics of simple molecules on 
Ru(0001) studied by combined laser and molecular beam techniques”, Ph. D. 
Thesis, University of Southern Denmark, 2001.
 
 Moser, W. R., Lennhoff, J. D., Cnossen, J. E., Fraska, K., Schoonover, J. W., 
Rozak, J. R., “The preparation of advanced catalytic materials by aerosol 
processes”, chapter 21 in “Advanced Catalysts and Nanostructured Materials – 
Modern Synthesis Methods” (W. R. Moser, ed.), Academic Press, San Diego, 1996, 
pp. 535-562.
 
 Mouza, A. A., Dalakoglou, G. K., Paras, S. V., “Effect of liquid properties on 
the performance of bubble column reactors with fine pore spargers”, Chem. Eng. 
Sci., 60(5), 2005, pp. 1465-1475.
 
 Mukkavilli, S., “Modeling of catalyst pellets and carbon deactivation of Fischer 
Tropsch catalysts”, Ph. D. Thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, 
1984.
 
 Mulas, G., Conti, L., Scano, G., Schiffini, L., Cocco, G., “Mechanically driven 
CO hydrogenation over NiZr amorphous catalysts”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 181-182, 
1994, pp. 1085-1090.
 
 Müller, A., Saville, W. B., “Further X-ray measurements on long-chain compounds 
(n-hydrocarbons)”, J. Chem. Soc. Trans., 1925, pp. 599-603.
 
 Mumford, S. A., “The molecular configuration of liquid n-aliphatic homologues”, 
J. Chem. Soc., 1952, pp. 4897-4913.
 
 Murata, Y., “Synthesis of solid paraffin from carbon monoxide and hydrogen”, 
Chem. Rev. Japan, 7, 1941, p. 352.
 
 Murata, Y., Makino, S., “The benzine synthesis from carbon monoxide and 
hydrogen. LII. Influence of the initial materials, carriers, and filling agents 
upon the iron catalyst”, Sci. Paper Inst. Phys. Chem. Research (Tokyo), 37, 
1940, p. 338.
 
 Murata, Y., Yamada, T., “The benzine synthesis from carbon monoxide and hydrogen 
under ordinary pressure. LIV. Influence of carbon dioxide in the initial gas 
upon the iron catalyst”, Sci. Papers Inst. Phys. Chem. Research (Tokyo), 38, 
1940, p. 118.
 
 Murphy, C. M., Zisman, W. A., “Structural Guides for Synthetic Lubricant 
Development”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 42(12), 1950, pp. 2415-2420.
 
 Murty, A. N., Williams, A. A., Obermyer, R. T., Rao, V. U. S., Gormley, R. J., 
“NMR studies of cobalt-thoria-ZSM05 catalysts”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 38, 
1988, pp. 73-80.
 
 Myers, L. D., Stegeman, G., “Solid-Solution Formation in Mixtures of Paraffin 
Waxes”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 20(6), 1928, pp. 638-641.
 
 Mysov, V. M., Ione, K. G., “Bifunctional Catalysts for the Production of Motor 
Fuels and Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Synthesis Gas”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 
147, 2004, pp. 451-456.
 
 Mysov, V. M., Ione, K. G., Toktarev, A. V., “The investigation of the processes 
of organic products synthesis from natural gas via syngas”, Stud. Surf. Sci. 
Catal., 119, 1998, pp. 533-538.
 
 Nagai, K., “Flow birefringence of real polymer chains. Application to 
n-alkanes”, J. Phys. Chem., 74(18), 1970, pp. 3422-3428.
 
 Nagata, H., Yamada, K., Kishida, M., Wakabayashi, K., Wada, Y., “Catalytic 
hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into C2+ alcohols with Ir-MoSiO2”, Energy Conv. 
& Manag., 36(6-9), 1995, pp. 657-660.
 
 Naito, S., Ogawa, O., Ichikawa, M., Tamaru, K., “Formation of dimethyl ether 
from hydrogen and carbon dioxide over a graphite–PdCl2–Na catalyst”, J. Chem. 
Soc. Chem. Comm., 1972, pp. 1266-1266.
 
 Nakamura, M., Wood, B. J., Hou, P. Y., Wise, H., “Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with 
iron-cobalt alloy catalysts”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 6, 1981, pp. 432-446.
 
 Nakanishi, K., Kurata, M., Tamura, M., “Physical Constants of Organic Liquids. A 
Nomograph for Estimating Physical Constants of Normal Paraffins and 
Isoparaffins”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 5(2), 1960, pp. 210-219.
 
 Narayanan, S., Uma, K., “Influence of lithium on reduction, dispersion and 
hydrogenation activity of nickel on alumina catalysts”, J. Chem. Soc. Far. 
Trans. 1, 1987, pp. 733-742.
 
 Narayanan, S., Uma, K., “Studies of the effect of calcination on the dispersion 
and reduction of nickel supported on alumina by X-ray photoelectron 
spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, chemisorption and catalytic activity”, J. Chem. 
Soc. Far. Trans. 1, 1985, pp. 2733-2744.
 
 Natta, G., Columbo, U., Pasquon, I., “Direct catalytic synthesis of higher 
alcohols from carbon monoxide and hydrogen”, chapter 3 in “Catalysis – Volume V” 
(P. H. Emmett, ed.), Reinhold Publishing, NY, 1957, pp. 131-174.
 
 Neef, H. J., Stump, N., “Synfuels programmes in the Federal Republic of Germany 
– aims and results”, in “Synthetic Fuels” (G. E. Beghi, ed.), D. Riedel 
Publishing Co., Boston, 1985, pp. 417-434.
 
 Nelson, W. L., Stewart, L. D., “Effect of Oil on Plastic Properties of Petroleum 
Waxes”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 41(10), 1949, pp. 2231-2238.
 
 Nguyen, H. P., Meriaudeau, P., “Transformation of CO+H2 into alcohols and 
hydrocarbons over a Ru-K-Mo/SiO2 catalyst”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 61, 1991, 
pp. 341-348.
 
 Nguyen, T. H., Ratcliff, G. A., “Heats of mixing of n-alcohol-n-alkane systems 
at 15.deg. and 55.deg”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 20(3), 1975, pp. 252-255.
 
 Niizuma, H., Mori, T., Miyamoto, A., Hattori, T., Masuda, H., Imai, H., 
Murakami, Y., “Rate-determining step in the methanation of carbon monoxide with 
a palladium on alumina catalyst”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1982, pp. 
562-563.
 
 Nimocks, R., “Remote gas marketing alternatives and the opportunities/challenges 
for F-T middle distillate conversion”, in “Gas-to-Liquids Processing, March 
18-20, 1998, San Antonio, Texas”, Intertech Conferences, Portland, ME, 1998, 
speaker 2.
 
 Niwa, M., Kawashima, Y., Murakami, Y., “A shape-selective platinum-loaded 
mordenite catalyst for the hydrocracking of paraffins by the chemical vapour 
deposition of silicon alkoxide”, J. Chem. Soc. Far. Trans. 1, 1985, pp. 
2757-2761.
 
 Nocito, V., “The Design And Testing Of New Catalysts For The Fischer-Tropsch 
Synthesis”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Illinois, Chicago, 1984.
 
 Nogin, Yu. M., Chesnokov, N. V., Kovalchuk, V. I., “The role of various modes of 
adsorbed CO in synthesis gas conversion on lanthanide ion promoted by supported 
Pd catalysts”, in “New Frontiers in Catalysis – Proceedings of the 10th 
International Congress on Catalysis, Budapest, 19-24 July, 1992” (L. Guczi, et 
al., eds.), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1993, Part C, pp. 2031-2034.
 
 Nooner, D. W., Oro, J., “Synthesis of fatty acids by a closed system 
Fischer-Tropsch process”, chapter 12 in “Hydrocarbon Synthesis from Carbon 
Monoxide and Hydrogen” (E. L. Kugler, F. W. Steffgen, eds.), ACS Adv. Chem. Ser. 
178, 1979, pp. 159-171.
 
 Noronha, F. B., Schmal, M., Moraweck, B., Delichere, P., Brun, M., Villain, F., 
Frety, R., “Characterization of Niobia-Supported Palladium-Cobalt Catalysts”, J. 
Phys. Chem. B, 104(23), 2000, pp. 5478-5485.
 
 Nouar, H., Petitjean, D., Bouroukba, M., Dirand, M., “Ternary Mixtures of 
n-Docosane, n-Tricosane and n-Tetracosane”, Rev. IFP, 53(1), 1998, pp. 21-26.
 
 Novikov, Y. N., Vol'pin, M. E., “Catalytic properties of lamellar compounds of 
graphite”, Physica B+C, 105(1-3), 1981, pp. 471-477.
 
 Nowacki, P., “Fischer-Tropsch complex conceptual design and economic analysis”, 
in “Coal Liquefaction Processes”, Noyes Data Corporation, Park Ridge, NJ, 1979, 
pp. 233-265.
 
 Nowacki, P., “Indirect liquefaction”, in “Coal Liquefaction Processes”, Noyes 
Data Corporation, Park Ridge, NJ, 1979, pp. 161-182.
 
 Nowak, I., Ziolek, M., “Niobium Compounds: Preparation, Characterization, and 
Application in Heterogeneous Catalysis:, Chem. Rev., 99(12), 1999, pp. 
3603-3624.
 
 O'Connor, J. G., Burow, F. H., Norris, M. S., “Determination of Normal Paraffins 
in C20 to C32 Paraffin Waxes by Molecular Sieve Adsorption. Molecular Weight 
Distribution by Gas-Liquid Chromatography”, Anal. Chem., 34(1), 1962, pp. 82-85.
 
 O'Rear, D. J., “The Paragon process: a new hydrocracking concept”, Ind. Eng. 
Chem. Res., 26(11), 1987, pp. 2337-2344.
 
 Odendaal, W. A., “An Investigation Into The Design And Stability Of A Fischer 
Tropsch Tubular Reactor”, Dr. Engr. Thesis, University of Pretoria, 1983.
 
 Ogawa, T., Inoue, N., Shikada, T., Inokoshi, O., Ohno, Y., “Direct Dimethyl 
Ether (DME) Synthesis from Natural Gas”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 
379-384.
 
 Ogawa, Y., Hasenaka, K., Kawasaki, Y., “Research on the Marketability of GTL 
(Liquid Fuel from Natural Gas”, Institute of Energy Economics (Japan) report, 
September, 2000.
 
 Ohgomori, Y., Mori, S., Yoshida, S.-I., Watanabe, Y., “Promoting effect of acids 
on the formation of ethylene glycol from synthesis gas catalyzed by the 
rhodium-tricyclohexylphosphine system”, J. Molec. Catal., 43(1), 1987, pp. 
127-136.
 
 Ohyama, S., “Liquid-phase CO hydrogenation over silica-supported transition 
metal and Cu-Zn-Cr oxide catalysts”, React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., July, 1997, pp.
 
 Ohyama, S., “In situ FTIR study on reaction pathways in Ni(CO)4/CH3OK catalytic 
system for low-temperature methanol synthesis in a liquid medium”, Appl. Catal. 
A, 220(1-2), 2001, pp. 235-242.
 
 Ojeda Pineda, M., “Rh/γ-Al2O3 catalytic systems for oxygenated compounds 
synthesis from syngas”, Thesis, Autónoma de Madrid, 2004.
 
 Okazaki, M., Toriyama, K., “Alternation of spin-lattice relaxation times for 
even and odd linear alkane crystals: a high-resolution solid-state NMR study”, 
J. Phys. Chem., 93(8), 1989, pp. 2883-2885.
 
 Okazaki, M., Toriyama, K., Anandan, S., “Dynamics and packing mode of 
long-chained n-alkane molecules in the nano-channel of MCM-41”, Chem. Phys. 
Lett., 401(4-6), 2005, pp. 363-367.
 
 Oki, S., Happel, J., Hnatow, M., Kaneko, Y., “The mechanism of the 
water-gas-shift reaction over iron oxide catalyst”, in “Catalysis – Proceedings 
of the Fifth International Congress on Catalysis, Miami Beach, Fla., 20-26 
August, 1972”, (J. W. Hightower, ed.), North-Holland Publishing, Amsterdam, 
1973, pp. 173-182.
 
 Olf, H. G., Peterlin, A., “NMR study of molecular motion in oriented long-chain 
alkanes. III. Oriented n-C32H66”, J. Polymer Sci. A-2, 8(5), 1970, pp. 791-797.
 
 Olsvik, O., Odegard, R., “Statoil's Gas Conversion Technologies”, Stud. Surf. 
Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 19-24.
 
 Onishi, T., Maruya, K.-I., Domen, K., Fujisawa, T., Arai, T., “The selective 
formation of hydrocarbons from CO hydrogenation over oxide catalysts”, Colloids 
& Surfaces, 38(1), 1989, pp. 93-101.
 
 Orchin, M., Wender, I., “Reactions of carbon monoxide”, chapter 1 in “Catalysis 
– Volume V” (P. H. Emmett, ed.), Reinhold Publishing, NY, 1957, pp. 1-72.
 
 Organ, S. J., Keller, A., “The onset of chain folding in ultralong n-alkanes: An 
electron microscopic study of solution-grown crystals”, J. Polymer Sci. B, 
25(12), 1987, pp. 2409-2430.
 
 Orita, H., Naito, S., Tamaru, K., “Effect of SMSI (strong metal–support 
interaction) behaviour on CO–H2 reaction over supported Rh catalysts”, J. Chem. 
Soc. Chem. Commun., 1983, pp. 993-994.
 
 Ortelli, E. E., Wambach, J., Wokaun, A., “Methanol synthesis reactions over a 
CuZr based catalyst investigated using periodic variations of reactant 
concentrations”, Appl. Catal. A, 216(1-2), 2001, pp. 227-241.
 
 Orwoll, R. A., Flory, P. J., “Equation- of-state parameters for normal alkanes. 
Correlation with chain length”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 89(26), 1967, pp. 6814-6822.
 
 Oskooie-Tabrizi, M. M., “Magnetic And Moessbauer Characterization Of 
Iron/Zeolite Catalysts And Syngas Conversion Studies”, Ph. D. Thesis, 
Pennsylvania State University, 1983.
 
 Osterloh, M. E., “Investigations Of The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis And The 
Hydrogenolysis Of Alkanes”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Texas, Austin, 1983.
 
 Over, H., Gierer, M., Bludau, H., Ertl, G., “The bending mode vibration of CO on 
Ru(0001) studied with low-energy electron-diffraction”, Surf. Sci., 346(1-3), 
1996, pp. 64-72.
 
 Over, H., Kleinle, G., Ertl, G., Moritz, W., Ernst, K.-H., Wohlgemuth, H., 
Christmann, K., Schwarz, E., “A LEED structural analysis of the Co(1010) 
surface”, Surf. Sci., 254(1-3), 1991, pp. L469-L474.
 
 Over, H., Kose, R., Bludau, H., Ertl, G., “Cs and CO coadsorbed on Ru(0001): 
Low-energy electron diffraction analysis”, Surf. Sci., 331-333(1), 1995, pp. 
62-68.
 
 Owen, J., “Conversion and uses of liquid fuels from coal”, Fuel, 60(9), 1981, 
pp. 755-761.
 
 Oxton, I. A., Powell, D. B., Sheppard, N., Burgess, K., Johnson, B. F. G., 
Lewis, J., “The infrared vibrational assignment for the µ2-bridging methylene 
ligand in metal cluster complexes and its comparison with frequencies assigned 
to CH2 species chemisorbed on metal surfaces”,
 J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1982, pp. 719-721.
 
 Ozaki, A., “Isotope Effects”, chapter 6 in “Isotope Studies of Heterogeneous 
Catalysis”, Academic Press, NY, 1977, pp. 168-212.
 
 Ozin, G. A., Baker, M. D., Godber, J., “Cobalt atom impregnated and cobalt ion 
exchanged faujasite zeolites; FT-Far-IR spectroscopy and syn-gas conversion: 
optimizing the production of C3 and C4 hydrocarbons”, in “Heterogeneous 
Catalysis - Proceedings of the Research Symposia of the Industry-University 
Cooperative Chemistry Program” (B. L. Shapiro, et al., eds.), Texas A&M 
University Press, College Station, 1984, pp. 30-70.
 
 Padgett, F. W., Hefley, D. G., Henriksen, A., “Wax Crystallization - A 
Preliminary Report”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 18(8), 1926, pp. 832-835.
 
 Pajonk, G. M., Teichner, S. J., “Carrier effect in hydrogenation properties of 
metals”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 27, 1986, pp. 277-311.
 
 Palágyi, J., Pályi, G., Markó, L., “Transition-metal alkyls and hydrides IV. 
direct synthesis of cobalt carbonyl hydride at low temperature and atmospheric 
pressure”, J. Organomet. Chem., 14(1), 1968, pp. 238-240.
 
 Palyi, G., Zucchi, C., Ugo, R., Psaro, R., Sironi, A., Vizi-Orosz, A., “Mono- or 
polynuclear surface species: Models and tendencies with cobalt and rhodium”, J. 
Molec. Catal., 74(1-3), 1992, pp. 51-59.
 
 Pannell, R. B., Kibby, C. L., Kobylinski, T. P., “A steady state study of 
Fischer-Tropsch product distributions over cobalt, iron, and ruthenium”, Stud. 
Surf. Sci. Catal., 7A, 1981, pp. 447-459.
 
 Panpranot, J., “Mesoporous silica-supported cobalt-based catalysts”, Ph. D. 
Thesis, Clemson University, 2002.
 
 Panton, C. J., “The interaction between crystalline paraffins and 
ethylene-propylene copolymer: A preliminary report”, J. Polymer Sci. B, 5(11), 
1967, pp. 1047-1050.
 
 Panzner, G., Diekmann, W., “The bonding state of carbon segregated to α-iron 
surfaces and on iron carbide surfaces studied by electron spectroscopy”, Surf. 
Sci., 160(1), 1985, pp. 253-270.
 
 Parameswaran, V. R., “Roles of carbon dioxide and water in liquid-phase methanol 
synthesis”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Akron, 1987.
 
 Parcher, J. F., Weiner, P. H., Hussey, C. L., Westlake, T. N., “Specific 
retention volumes and limiting activity coefficients of C4-C8 alkane solutes in 
C22-C36 n-alkane solvents”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 20(2), 1975, pp. 145-151.
 
 Park, I.-H., Hyung-Pyo Lee, H.-P., “Stoichiometry, Thermal Stability and 
Reducibility of Perovskite-Type Mixed Oxide LaBO3 (B = Fe, Co, Ni)”, Bull. 
Korean Chem. Soc., 9(5), 1988, pp. 283-288.
 
 Park, J.-N., Kim, J.-H., Lee, H.-I., “A study on the suflur-resistant catalysts 
for water-gas-shift reaction. III. Modification of Mo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with 
iron group metals”, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 21(12), 2000, pp. 1233-1238.
 
 Park, K., Cao, F., Kittelson, D. B., McMurry, P. H., “Relationship between 
Particle Mass and Mobility for Diesel Exhaust Particles”, Environ. Sci. 
Technol., 37(3), 2003, pp. 577-583.
 
 Park, K.-C., Ihm, S.-K., “Comparison of Pt/zeolite catalysts for n-hexadecane 
hydroisomerization”, Appl. Catal. A, 203(2), 2000, pp. 201-209.
 
 Park, S. H., “Energy Dissipation Rate and Pressure Fluctuations in a Three Phase 
Fluidized Bed with a Large Column Diameter”, J. Korean Chem. Eng., 21(5), 2004, 
pp. 1066-1071.
 
 Park, S.-H., Kim, H., “A Theoretical Study of CO Molecules on Metal Surfaces: 
Coverage Dependent Properties”, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 12(5), 1991, pp. 
574-582.
 
 Park, Y.-K., Jeon, J.-K., Ihm, S.-K., “Design of copper based hybrid catalysts 
for CO2 hydrogenation”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 153, 2004, pp. 25-32.
 
 Park, Y. S., Lee, W. Y., Lee, H. I., “Water-Induced Effects On The Adsorption On 
Polycrystalline Platinum”, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 2(1), 1985, pp. 75-80.
 
 Parks, G. S., Todd, S. S., “Heats of Fusion of Some Paraffin Hydrocarbon”, Ind. 
Eng. Chem., 12(12), 1929, pp. 1235-1237.
 
 Parsafar, Gh., Isfahan, Y. G., “Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis of Hydrocarbons Using 
Iron-Mordenite Catalysts”, Iranian J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 10(1), 1991, article 2.
 
 Passman, R. A., “Energy commercialization prospects”, in “Coal conversion 
technology” (A. H. Pelofsky, ed.), ACS Symp Ser., 110, 1979, pp. 197-206.
 
 Patterson, G. D., Carroll, P. J., Pearson, D. S., “Rayleigh–Brillouin 
spectroscopy of n-tetracosane. Are there transitions in the melt?”, J. Chem. 
Soc. Far. Trans. 2, 1983, pp. 677-685.
 
 Patterson, G. D., Kennedy, A. P., Latham, J. P., “Temperature Dependence of 
Orientation Correlations in n-Alkane Liquids”, Macromolecules, 10(3), 1977, pp. 
667-670.
 
 Pauls, C., Przyrembel, D., Christmann, K., “Dissociation of Carbon Monoxide on 
the Rhenium(10-10) Surface”, J. Phys. Chem. B., 108(38), 2004, pp. 14749-14758.
 
 Pauly, J., Daridon, J.-L., Coutinho, J. A. P., Dirand, M., “Crystallisation of a 
multiparaffinic wax in normal tetradecane under high pressure”, Fuel, 84(4), 
2005, pp. 453-459.
 
 Pavlicek, J., Boublik, T., “Equilibrium behavior of n-alkanes from the convex 
molecule perturbation theory”, J. Phys. Chem., 96(5), 1992, pp. 2298-2301.
 
 Peebles, H. C., Beck, D. D., White, J. M., Campbell, C. T., “Structure of Ag ON 
Rh and its effect on the adsorption of D2 and CO”, Surf. Sci., 150(1), 1985, pp. 
120-142.
 
 Peebles, D. E., Peebles, H. C., White, J. M., “Electron spectroscopic study of 
the interaction of coadsorbed CO and D2 on Rh(100) at low temperature”, Surf. 
Sci. Lett., 136(2-3), 1984, pp. A15-A16.
 
 Peixoto, F. C., de Medeiros, J. L., “Modelling And Parameter Estimation In 
Reactive Continuous Mixtures: The Catalytic Cracking Of Alkanes. Part I”, Braz. 
J. Chem. Eng., 16(1), 1999, pp. 65-81.
 
 Peixoto, F. C., de Medeiros, J. L., “Modelling and parameter estimation in 
reactive continuous mixtures: the catalytic cracking of alkanes - part II”, 
Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 16(3), 1999, pp. 229-236.
 
 Pellegrini, L., Locatelli, S., Rasella, S., Bonomi, S., Calemma, V., “Modeling 
of Fischer-Tropsch products hydrocracking”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 59(22-23), 2004, 
pp. 4781-4787.
 
 Peluso, E., “Eggshell catalyst for hydrocarbon synthesis: Kinetic modeling and 
reactor performance”, ME Sc. Thesis, University of Western Ontario, 1998.
 
 Penet, S., Marchal, R., Sghir, A., Monot, F., “Biodegradation of hydrocarbon 
cuts used for diesel oil formulation”, Appl. Microbiol. Biotech., 66(1), 2004, 
pp. 40-47.
 
 Pepe, F., Occhiuzzi, M., “Surface characterization and catalytic activity of 
Co(x)Mg(1-x)Al2O4 solid solutions. Oxidation of carbon monoxide by oxygen”, Far. 
Trans., 1994, pp. 905-910.
 
 Pereira, E. B., Martin, G.-A., “Morphology changes and deactivation of 
alkali-promoted Ni/SiO2 catalysts during carbon monoxide hydrogenation”, Appl. 
Catal. A, 115(1), 1994, pp. 135-146.
 
 Perry, H., Landsberg, H. H., “Factors in the Development of a Major US Synthetic 
Fuels Industry”, Ann. Rev. Energy, 6, 1981, pp. 233-266.
 
 Perry, S. F., “Isomerization”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 51(9), 1959, pp. 1121-1122.
 
 Petersen, P., Krasser, W., “Surface enhanced Raman scattering from a ternary 
catalyst Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 under reaction conditions”, Appl. Surf. Sci., 103(1), 
1996, pp. 91-100.
 
 Petrovic, K., Vitorovic, D., “Recognition and qualitative characterization of 
commercial petroleum fuels and synthetic fuels by a gas chromatographic 
fingerprinting technique - I. General considerations”, J. Chromat. A, 119, 1976, 
pp. 413-422.
 
 Petunchi, J. O., Nicastro, J. L., Lombardo, E. A., “Ethylene hydrogenation over 
LaCoO3 perovskite”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1980, pp. 467-468.
 
 Phaovibul, O., Cakovic, H., Loboda-Cakovic, J., Hosemann, R., “Phase transition 
and paracrystalline order in solution-crystallized solid n-paraffins”, J. 
Polymer Sci. - Polymer Phys., 11(12), 1973, pp. 2377-2391.
 
 Pichler, H., “50 Jahre Brennstoffchemie Und Energiewirtschaft - Eine Persönliche 
Rocksau”, Hung. J. Ind. Chem., 2, 1974, pp. 89-112.
 
 Pickett, O. A., “Solvents for Waxes”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 21(8), 1929, pp. 767-768.
 
 Pien, S.-I.,/ Chuang, S. S. C., “An in situ infrared study of ethylene 
hydroformylation and CO hydrogenation on Ru/SiO2 and sulfided Ru/SiO2”, J. 
Molec. Catal., 68(3), 1991, pp. 313-330.
 
 Pierce, R. M., “Molecular Structure And Reactivity Of Rhodium And Iridium 
Porphyrin Complexes Relevant To Carbon Monoxide Reduction”, Ph. D. Thesis, 
University of Pennsylvania, 1983.
 
 Piper, S. H., Brown, D., Dyment, S., “X-rays and the constitution of the 
hydrocarbons from paraffin wax”, J. Chem. Soc. Trans., 1925, pp. 2194-2200.
 
 Piper, S. H., Malkin, T., Austin, H. E., “An X-ray study of some structural 
modifications of long-chain compounds”, J. Chem. Soc., 1926, pp. 2310-2318.
 
 Pitchon, V., Praliaud, H., Martin, G. A., “On the role of hydroxyl groups in CO 
hydrogenation into methanol on alkali-promoted Pd/SiO2 catalysts”, Stud. Surf. 
Sci. Catal., 61, 1991, pp. 265-272.
 
 Planelles, J., Sánchez-Marin, J., Tomás, F., Corma, A., “A molecular orbital 
approach to a comprehensive cracking mechanism for linear long chain alkanes in 
heterogeneous acid catalytic conditions through carbenium ion β-cleavage”, J. 
Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1985, pp. 333-340.
 
 Plummer, E. W., Allyn, C., Gustafsson, T., “The Orientation of CO Adsorbed on 
Ni(100)”, Chem. Phys. Lett., 47, 1977, p. 127.
 
 Plummer, E. W., Tonner, B., Holzwarth, N., Liebsch, A., “Electronic Structure of 
Ordered Sulfur Overlayers on Ni(001)”, Phys. Rev. B, 21, 1980, p. 4306.
 
 Plummer, E. W., Weeks, S., “New Evidence for Multiple Binding Sites for Sulfur 
at the Ni(100) Vacuum Interface”, Chem. Phys. Lett., 48, 1977, p. 601.
 
 Ponec, V., “Selectivity in the syngas reactions: the role of supports and 
promoters in the activation of CO and in the stabilization of intermediates”, 
Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 64, 1991, pp. 117-157.
 
 Ponec, V., Nonneman, L. E. Y., “Promotors and supports, their importance in the 
synthesis gas reactions by metals”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 61, 1991, pp. 
225-234.
 
 Pouillot, F. L. L., Chandler, K., Eckert, C. A., “Sublimation pressures of 
n-alkanes from C20H42 to C35H72 in the temperature range 308-348 K”, Ind. Eng. 
Chem. Res., 35, 1996, pp. 2408-2413.
 
 Pour, V., “On the effectiveness factor of a Ni-Cr2O3 catalyst for the 
hydrogenation of carbon dioxide”, in “The Porous Structure of Catalysts and 
Transport Processes in Heterogeneous Catalysis” (G. K. Boreskov, ed.), Akademiai 
Kiado, Budapest, 1972, pp. 421-438.
 
 Prasad, B. V. R. K., “Supervisory Control System Development For An Indirect 
Liquefaction Process”, Ph. D. Thesis, Arizona State University, 1986.
 
 Prasada Rao, A. V., “Magnetic, Moessbauer And Esr Studies On Various 
Carbon-Supported Iron Catalysts”, Ph. D. Thesis, Pennsylvania State University, 
1983.
 
 Prins, M. J., Ptasinski, K. J., Janssen, F. J. J. G., “Exergetic optimisation of 
a production process of Fischer-Tropsch fuels from biomass”, Fuel Proc. Tech., 
86(4), 2005, pp. 375-389.
 
 Probstein, R. F., Hicks, R. E., “Liquids and clean solids from coal”, chapter 6 
in “Synthetic Fuels”, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1982, pp. 257-321.
 
 Puri, S., Kohn, J. P., “Solid-liquid-vapor equilibrium in the methane-n-eicosane 
and ethane-n-eicosane binary systems”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 15(3), 1970, pp. 
372-374.
 
 Puskas, I., Fleisch, T. H., Hall, J. B., Meyers, B. L., Roginski, R. T., “Cobalt 
reducibility and magnesium promotion in silica-supported Fischer-Tropsch 
catalysts”, in “New Frontiers in Catalysis – Proceedings of the 10th 
International Congress on Catalysis, Budapest, 19-24 July, 1992” (L. Guczi, et 
al., eds.), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1993, Part C, pp. 2813-2816.
 
 Putna, E. S., Shereck, B., Gorte, R. J., “Adsorption and reactivity of lanthana 
with CO”, Appl. Catal. B, 17(1-2), 1998, pp. 101-106.
 
 Pyatnitsky, Y. I., Lunev, N. K., “Kinetic modeling of Fischer-Tropsch process”, 
Katal. Neftekhim., 9-10, 2001, pp. 1-4.
 
 Qi, G.-X., Zheng, X.-M., Fei, J.-H., Hou, Z.-Y., “A novel catalyst for DME 
synthesis from CO hydrogenation - 1. Activity, structure and surface 
properties”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 176(1-2), 2001, pp. 195-203.
 
 Rabo, J. A., Elek, L. F., Francis, J. N., “The reaction of surface carbon with 
water on Ni and Co catalysts: a new process for the production of concentrated 
methane from dilute carbon monoxide waste streams”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 7A, 
1981, pp. 490-500.
 
 Rademeyer, C. J., Fischer, J. L., “Determination of metals in waxes by 
inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry using high-temperature 
nebulization of the molten wax”, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1993, pp. 487-492.
 
 Rahimpour, M. R., Bahri, P., Kaljahi, J. F., Jahanmiri, A., Romagnoli, A., “A 
dynamic kinetic model for methanol synthesis on deactivated catalyst”, Computers 
& Chem. Eng., 22(Supp 1), 1998, pp. S675-S678.
 
 Rånby, B. G., Morehead, F. F., Walter, N. M., “Morphology of n-alkanes, linear 
polyethylene, and isotactic polypropylene crystallized from solution”, J. 
Polymer Sci., 44(144), 1960, pp. 349-367.
 
 Randic, M., “Characterization of molecular branching”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 
97(23), 1975, pp. 6609-6615.
 
 Rao, K. M., Spoto, G., Guglielminotti, E., Zecchina, A., “Spectroscopic 
investigation of the interaction of Co2(CO)8 with MgO and SiO2”, J. Chem. Soc. 
Far. Trans. 1, 1988, pp. 2195-2207.
 
 Rao, L.-F., Fukuoka, A., Ichikawa, M., “Selective formation of lower alkenes and 
alcohols in CO + H2 reaction catalysed on NaY zeolite-encapsulated Rh6 and RhFe 
bimetallic cluster-derived catalysts”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., 1988, pp. 
458-460.
 
 Rao, V. U. S., Gormley, R. J., Schehl, R. R., Rhee, K. H., Chi, R. D. H., 
Pantages, G., “Metal-zeolite catalysts for the conversion of synthesis gas to 
selected hydrocarbon products”, in “Catalytic Conversion of Synthesis Gas and 
Alcohols to Chemicals” (R. G. Herman, ed.), Plenum Press, NY, 1984, pp. 151-166.
 
 Rasko, J., Solymosi, F., “Infrared Spectroscopic Study of the Photoinduced 
Activation of CO2 on TiO2 and Rh/TiO2 Catalysts”, J. Phys. Chem., 98(29), 1994, 
pp. 7147-7152.
 
 Raupp, G. B., Dumesic, J. A., “Effects of TiO2 surface species on the adsorption 
and coadsorption of CO and H2 on Ni”, in “Strong Metal-Support Interactions” (R. 
T. K. Baker, et al., eds.), ACS, Washington, DC, 1986, pp. 34-47.
 
 Reddy, S. R., “A thermodynamic model for predicting n-paraffin crystallization 
in diesel fuels, Fuel, 65(12), 1986, pp. 1647-1652.
 
 Reichl, W., Hayek, K., “Vanadium Oxide Overlayers on Rhodium: Influence of the 
Reduction Temperature on the Composition and on the Promoting Effect in CO 
Hydrogenation”, J. Catal., 208(2), 2002, pp. 422-434.
 
 Reichl, W., Hayek, K., “Strong and coverage-independent promotion of catalytic 
activity of a noble metal by subsurface vanadium”, Surf. Sci., 537(1-3), 2003, 
pp. 247-252.
 
 Reichl, W., Rosina, G., Rupprechter, G., Zimmermann, C., Hayek, K., “Ultrahigh 
vacuum compatible all-glass high pressure reaction cell for accurate and 
reproducible measurement of small reaction rates”, Rev. Sci. Instr., 71(3), 
2000, pp. 1495-1499.
 
 Reid, W. K., “Use of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry in the Study of Petroleum 
Waxes, Microcrystalline Waxes, and Ozokerite”, Anal. Chem., 38(3), 1966, pp. 
445-449.
 
 Reinhard, R. R., Dixon, J. A., “Tetranonacontane”, J. Org. Chem., 30(5), 1965, 
pp. 1450-1453.
 
 Reinikainen, M., Niemela, M., “On-line gas chromatographic analysis of CO2 
hydrogenation products”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 153, 2004, pp. 565-568.
 
 Ren-Hu, W., Yin-Sheng, X., “Quantum chemical study on the mechanism of CO 
hydrogenation to oxygenates over vanadium-promoted rhodium catalyst”, J. Molec. 
Catal., 54(3), 1989, pp. 478-483.
 
 Renken, A., Marwood, M., Doepper, R., “In-situ surface and gas phase analysis 
for kinetic studies under transient conditions. The catalytic hydrogenation of 
CO2”, Appl. Catal. A, 151(1), 1997, pp. 223-246.
 
 Renneke, R. F., Hill, C. L., “Homogeneous catalytic photochemical 
functionalization of alkanes by polyoxometalates”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 108(12), 
1986, pp. 3528-3529.
 
 Reyes, P., Concha, I., Pecchi, G., Fierro, J. L. G., “Changes induced by metal 
oxide promoters in the performance of Rh-Mo/ZrO2 catalysts during CO and CO2 
hydrogenation”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 129(2-3), 1998, pp. 269-278.
 
 Rhodes, F. H., Mason, C. W., Sutton, W. R., “Crystallization of Paraffin Wax”, 
Ind. Eng. Chem., 19(8), 1927, pp. 935-938.
 
 Ridenour, W. P., Weatherford, W. D., Capell, R. G., “Solubility of Gases in 
Molten Paraffin and Microcrystalline Waxes”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 46(11), 1954, pp. 
2376-2381.
 
 Riedel, T., Schaub, G., Jun, K.-W., Lee, K.-W., “Kinetics of CO2 Hydrogenation 
on a K-Promoted Fe Catalyst”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 40(5), 2001, pp. 1355-1363.
 
 Rightor, E. G., “Highly Dispersed Metals In Pillared Clays: Properties As 
Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts”, Ph. D. Thesis, Michigan State University, 1986.
 
 Riva, A., Trifirò, F., Vaccari, A., Busca, G., Mintchev, L., Sanfilippo, D., 
Manzatti, W., “The promoting role of Cr and K in catalysts for high-pressure and 
high-temperature methanol and higher-alcohol synthesis”, J. Chem. Soc. Far. 
Trans. 1, 1987, pp. 2213-2225.
 
 Riva, R., Meissner, H., Del Piero, G., “Dispersion and reducibility of Co/SiO2 
and Co/TiO2”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 119, 1998, pp. 203-208.
 
 Rodden, J. B., Erkey, C., Akgerman, A., “Mutual diffusion coefficients for 
several dilute solutes in n-octacosane and the solvent density at 371-534 K”, J. 
Chem. Eng. Data, 33(4), 1988, pp. 450-453.
 
 Rodriguez, J. A., Goodman, D. W., “Catalytic activation of CO over single 
crystals”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 64, 1991, pp. 87-116.
 
 Rodriguez-Reinoso, F., Salinas-Martinez de Lecea, C., Sepulveda-Escribano, A., 
Lopez-Gonzalez, J. D., “Effect of support porosity in the preparation and 
catalytic activity for CO hydrogenation of carbon-supported Fe catalysts”, 
Catal. Today, 7(2), 1990, pp. 287-298.
 
 Rofer-DePoorter, C. K., “Untangling the water gas shift from Fischer-Tropsch: A 
Gordian knot ?”, in “Catalytic Conversion of Synthesis Gas and Alcohols to 
Chemicals” (R. G. Herman, ed.), Plenum Press, NY, 1984, pp. 97-128.
 
 Rohde, M., Unruh, D., Pias, P., Lee, K.-W., Schaub, G., “Fischer-Tropsch 
synthesis with CO2-containing syngas from biomass - Kinetic analysis of fixed 
bed reactor model experiments”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 153, 2004, pp. 97-102.
 
 Roman-Martinez, M. C., Cazorla-Amoros, D., Linares-Solano, A., Salinas-Martinez 
de Lecca, C., “CO2 hydrogenation under pressure on catalysts Pt-Ca/C”, Appl. 
Catal. A, 134(1), 1996, pp. 159-167.
 
 Rongxian, B., Yisheng, T., Yizhuo, H., “Study on the carbon dioxide 
hydrogenation to iso-alkanes over Fe/Zn/M/zeolite composite catalysts”, Fuel 
Proc. Tech., 86(3), 2004, pp. 293-301.
 
 Röper, M., Hemmerich, R., Keim, W., “Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese mittels 
heterogenisierter Kobalteisen-Cluster auf Silica-Trägern”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 
56(2), 1984, pp. 152-153.
 
 Rose, M. K., Mitsui, T., Dunphy, J., Borg, A., Ogletree, D. F., Salmeron, M., 
Sautet, P., “Ordered structures of CO on Pd(111) studied by STM”, Surf. Sci., 
512(1-2), 2002, pp. 48-60.
 
 Rosen, B. H., “Wax Oxidation”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 52(11), 1960, pp. 14-16.
 
 Rosendahl, F., “Manufacture of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and hydrogen”, 
Oel u. Kohle, 36, 1940, p. 340.
 
 Rossin, J. A., “Synthesis, characterization and reactivity of 
transition-metal-containing zeolites”, Ph. D. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic 
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, 1986.
 
 Rostrup-Nielsen, J. R., “Fuels and Energy for the Future: The Role of 
Catalysis”, Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng., 46(3/4), 2004, pp. 247-270.
 
 Roth, J. F., Abell, J. B., Schaefer, A. R., “Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Higher 
Normal Paraffins to Linear Olefins over Molybdena-Alumina Catalysts”, Ind. Eng. 
Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 7(4), 1968, pp. 254-258.
 
 Roth, S. A., “Investigations into the mechanism of carbon monoxide hydrogenation 
in slurried Fischer-Tropsch catalysis and homogeneous catalytic methanol 
homologation”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana, 1982.
 
 Rowsell, B. D., Trepanier, S. J., Lam, R., McDonald, R., Cowie, M., 
“Methylene-Bridged Complexes of Rhodium/Ruthenium as Models for Bimetallic 
Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts: Comparisons with the Rh/Os and Ir/Ru Analogues”, 
Organometallics, 21, 2002, pp. 3228-3237.
 
 Roy, S., Bauer, T., Al-Dahhan, M., Lehner, P., Turek, T., “Monoliths as 
multiphase reactors: A review”, AIChE J., 50(11), 2004, pp. 2918-2938.
 
 Ruckenstein, E., “Interactions and surface phenomena in supported metal 
catalysts”, in “Strong Metal-Support Interactions” (R. T. K. Baker, et al., 
eds.), ACS, Washington, DC, 1986, pp. 152-168.
 
 Rucker, T. G., “Effect of additives on the reactivity of palladium surfaces for 
the chemisorption and hydrogenation of carbon monoxide: A surface science and 
catalytic study”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1987.
 
 Ruiz, R. S., Alonso, F., Ancheyta, J., “Effect of high pressure operation on 
overall phase holdups in ebullated-bed reactors”, Catal. Today, 98(1,2), 2004, 
pp. 265-271.
 
 Rupprechter, G., Dellwig, T., Unterhalt, H., Freund, H.-J., “High-Pressure 
Carbon Monoxide Adsorption on Pt(111) Revisited: A Sum Frequency Generation 
Study”, J. Phys. Chem. B, 105(18), 2001, pp. 3797-3802.
 
 Russell, B., “GTL – a new strategic tool for the energy industry”, in 
“Gas-to-Liquids Processing, March 18-20, 1998, San Antonio, Texas”, Intertech 
Conferences, Portland, ME, 1998, speaker 4.
 
 Ruterana, P., Buffat, P. A.,Thampi, K. R., Graetzel, M., “Selective dispersion 
of the Ru-RuOx/TiO2 catalyst for methanation of CO2 at room temperature and 
atmospheric pressure”, Materials Research Soc. Symp. Proc., 139, 1989, pp. 
327-332.
 
 Ruthiya, K. C., van der Schaaf, J., Kuster, B. F. M., Schouten, J. C., “Modeling 
the effect of particle-to-bubble adhesion on mass transport and reaction rate in 
a stirred slurry reactor: influence of catalyst support”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 
59(22-23), 2004, pp. 5551-5558.
 
 Ryan, T. W. III, “Emission performance of Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuels”, in 
“Gas-to-Liquids Processing ’99 – Bringing clean fuels and chemicals to market”, 
Intertech Conferences, Portland, ME, 1999, speaker 19.
 
 Ryan, T. W. III, Erwin, J., “Effects of fuel properties and composition on the 
temperature dependent autoignition of diesel fuel fractions”, SAE Trans. J. 
Fuels & Lubricants, 101(4), 1992, SAE Technical Paper Series 922229, pp. 
1265-1265.
 
 Ryan, T. W. III, Erwin, J., “Diesel fuel composition effects on ignition and 
emissions”, SAE Technical Paper Series 932735, 1993, pp. 77-94.
 
 Ryndin, Yu. A., Alekseev, O. S., Simonov, P. A., Likholobov, V. A., “Supported 
metallic catalysts obtained by anchoring metal complexes on carbon supports”, J. 
Molec. Catal., 55(1), 1989, pp. 109-125.
 
 Ryndin, Yu. A., Nogin, Yu. N., Chuvilin, A. L., Pashis, A. V., Zverev, Yu. B., 
Yermakov, Yu. I., “Effects of the interaction of dispersed metal particles with 
the support in catalysts prepared using organometallic compounds. II. (Pt + 
Pr)/SiO2 system”, Appl. Catal., 26, 1986, pp. 327-338.
 
 Ryu, J.-S., Lee, K.-W., Choi, M.-J., Yoo, H.-S., “The synthesis of clean fuels 
by F-T reaction from CO2 rich biosyngas”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 153, 2004, 
pp. 47-54.
 
 Sachtler, W. M. H., Huang, Y.-Y., “Metal/overlayer and encaged carbonyl cluster 
catalysis”, Appl. Catal. A, 191(1-2), 2000, pp. 35-44.
 
 Sahibzada, M., Metcalfe, I. S., Chadwick, D., “Methanol Synthesis from CO/CO2/H2 
over Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 at Differential and Finite Conversions”, J. Catal., 174(2), 
1998, pp. 111-118.
 
 Sakakini, B. H., “Temperature-programmed surface reaction (TPSR) of pre-adsorbed 
carbon CO and CO/H2 synthesis over Ru-Cs/Al2O3 catalysts”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 
127(1-3), 1997, pp. 203-209.
 
 Sakka, Y., Okuyama, H., Uchikoshi, T., Ohno, S., “Synthesis and characterization 
of Fe and composite Fe-TiN nanoparticles by dc arc-plasma”, J. Alloys & 
Compounds, 346(1-2), 2002, pp. 285-291.
 
 Samuel, P., “GTL Technology – Challenges and Opportunities in Catalysis”, Bull. 
Catal. Soc. India, 2, 2003, pp. 82-99.
 
 Sánchez, J. M., Ruiz, E., Otero, J., “Selective Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide from 
Gaseous Streams Using a Zinc-Based Sorbent”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44(2), 2005, 
pp. 241-249.
 
 Sancier, K. M., Isakson, W. E., Wise, H., “Carburization studies of iron 
Fischer-Tropsch catalysts”, chapter 10 in “Hydrocarbon Synthesis from Carbon 
Monoxide and Hydrogen” (E. L. Kugler, F. W. Steffgen, eds.), ACS Adv. Chem. Ser. 
178, 1979, pp. 129-146.
 
 Sannos, B. H., Schanke, D., “Resolving Flow Details in Slurry Bubble Columns 
Used for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Using Computational Fluid Dynamics”, Stud. 
Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 265-270.
 
 Sapag, K., “Nuevos catalizadores basados en arcillas pilareadas para la síntesis 
de Fischer-Tropsch”, Ph. D. dissertation, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 1997.
 
 Sarup, B., “Kinetics And Selectivity In Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis On A Cobalt 
Catalyst”, Ph. D. Thesis, Queen's University at Kingston (Canada), 1986.
 
 Sastri, B. S., “Experimental and theoretical investigation of a three-phase 
draft tube spouted bed reactor with external annular flow”, Ph. D. Thesis, 
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1987.
 
 Sastri, M. V., “The Theory of the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis”, Current Science, 
16, 1947, p. 4.
 
 Sastri, M. V. C., “Development of the Fischer-Tropsch Process in Germany during 
the war”, Current Science, 16, 1947, p. 32.
 
 Satterfield, C. N., “Synthesis gas and associated processes”, chapter 10 in 
“Heterogeneous Catalysis in Practice”, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1980, pp. 280-311.
 
 Satterfield, C. N., Sherwood, T. K., “Mass transfer to catalyst particles”, 
chapter 2 in “The Role of Diffusion in Catalysis”, Addison-Wesley Publishing, 
Reading, MA., 1963, pp. 29-55.
 
 Schaerer, A. A., Busso, C. J., Smith, A. E., Skinner, L. B., “Properties of Pure 
Normal Alkanes in the C17 to C36 Range”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 77(7), 1955, pp. 
2017-2019.
 
 Schanke, D., Eri, S., Rytter, E., Aaserud, C., Hilmen, A.-M., Lindvag, O. A., 
Bergene, E., Holmen, A., “Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis on Cobalt Catalysts 
Supported on Different Aluminas”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 
301-306.
 
 Schanke, D., Fredriksen, G. R., Blekkan, E. A., Holmen, A., “CO hydrogenation on 
SiO2-supported Fe and Ru catalysts studied by in situ IR spectroscopy”, Catal. 
Today, 9(1-2), 1991, pp. 69-76.
 
 Schanke, D., Rytter, E., Jaer, F. O., “Scale-up of Statoil's Fischer-Tropsch 
Process”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 43-48.
 
 Schatzberg, P., “Solubilities Of Water In Several Normal Alkanes From C7 to 
C16”, J. Phys. Chem., 67(4), 1963, pp. 776-779.
 
 Schaub, G., Unruh, D., Rohde, M., “Synthetic hydrocarbon fuels and CO2 
utilization”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 153, 2004, pp. 17-24.
 
 Schay, Z., Guczi, L., “Reaction of CO with H2 on Ru, Ru–Fe and Fe films”, J. 
Chem. Soc. Far. Trans. 1, 1982, pp. 1911-1922.
 
 Schiessler, R. W., Whitmore, F. C., “Properties of High Molecular Weight 
Hydrocarbons”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 47(8), 1955, pp. 1660-1665.
 
 Schild, C., Wokaun, A., Baiker, A., “On the mechanism of CO and CO2 
hydrogenation reactions on zirconia-supported catalysts: a diffuse reflectance 
FTIR study Part I. Identification of surface species and methanation reactions 
on palladium/zirconia catalysts”, J. Molec. Catal., 63(2), 1990, pp. 223-242.
 
 Schmal, M., Reinhardt, A., Porto, L. M., Losch, W., “Síntese de Fischer-Tropsch 
com Catalisador de Ferro Fundido”, In “4o. Seminário Brasileiro de Catálise, 
1987”, Canela, RS, vol 2, 1987, p. 87.
 
 Schmitz, A. D., “Catalysis of methanol decomposition and carbon monoxide 
hydrogenation by supported molten salts”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Iowa, 
1993.
 
 Schneider, R. L., Howe, R. F., Watters, K. L., “Interactions of cobalt carbonyls 
with oxide surfaces. 3. Dicobalt octacarbonyl and tetracobalt dodecacarbonyl in 
zeolites”, Inorg. Chem., 23(26), 1984, pp. 4600-4607.
 
 Schroeder, W. C., “Technical Oil Mission studies German petroleum research 
activities”, Oil Gas J., 44(29), 1945, p. 112.
 
 Schwank, J., Bimetallic catalysts for CO activation”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 
64, 1991, pp. 225-264.
 
 Schulz, H., Niederberger, H. L., Kneip, M., Weil, F., “Synthesis gas conversion 
on Fischer Tropsch iron/HZSM5 composite catalysts”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 61, 
1991, pp. 313-324.
 
 Schulz, H. F., Weitkamp, J. H., “Zeolite Catalysts. Hydrocracking and 
Hydroisomerization of n-Dodecane”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 11(1), 1972, 
pp. 46-53.
 
 Schumacher, N., Boisen, A., Dahl, S., Gokhale, A. A., Kandoi, S., Grabow, L. C., 
Dumesic, J. A., “Mavrikakis, M., Chorkendorff, I., “Trends in low-temperature 
water–gas shift reactivity on transition metals”, J. Catal., 229(2), 2005, pp. 
265-275.
 
 Schumpe, A., Nigam, K. D. P., “Mass transfer”, chapter 1 in “Three-phase sparged 
reactors” (K. D. P. Nigam and A. Schumpe, eds.), Gordon and Breach Publishers, 
Amsterdam, 1996, pp. 169-300.
 
 Seglin, L., Geosits, R., Franko, B. R., Gruber, G., “Survey of methanation 
chemistry and processes”, ACS Adv. Chem. Ser., 146, 1975, pp. 1-30.
 
 Senden, M. M. G., Punt, A. D., Hoek, A., “Gas-to-liquids processes: current 
status and future prospects”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 119, 1998, pp. 961-966.
 
 Šepič, E., Trier, C., Leskovšek, H., “Biodegradation studies of selected 
hydrocarbons from diesel oil”, Analyst, 1996, pp. 1451-1456.
 
 Sermon, P. A., Lengo, M. A. M., Wnag, Y., “Comparison of ZnO supported Cu, 
Cu-Mn, Cu-Fe, Cu-Co, and Cu-Ni catalysts in CO hydrogenation”, in “New Frontiers 
in Catalysis – Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Catalysis, 
Budapest, 19-24 July, 1992” (L. Guczi, et al., eds.), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 
1993, Part C, pp. 2773-2776.
 
 Shao, C., Chen, M., “In situ FT-IR studies on the CO2 hydrogenation over the 
SiO2-supported RhM (M=Cr, Mo, W) complex catalysts”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 166(2), 
2001, pp. 331-335.
 
 Shao, C., Chen, M., “In situ FT-IR study on CO2 hydrogenation over 
SiO2-supported PtM (M = Cr, Mo, W) complex catalysts”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 
170(1-2), 2001, pp. 245-249.
 
 Shao, C., Fujimoto, K., Fan, L., Iwasawa, Y., “Selective methanol synthesis from 
CO2/H2 on new SiO2-supported PtW and PtCr bimetallic catalysts”, Appl. Catal. A, 
128(1), 1995, pp. L1-L6.
 
 Shapovalova, L. B., Zakumbaeva, G. D., Zhurtbaeva, A. A., “The Fischer-Tropsch 
Synthesis over the Bimetallic Ru-M/Al2O3-Catalysts”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 
147, 2004, pp. 373-378.
 
 Sharma, K. P., Srivastava, S. K., Singh, N. N., “Thermodynamics, kinetics and 
energetics of catalytic cracking of wax”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 
23(4), 1984, pp. 651-656.
 
 Sheldon, R. A., “Hydrocarbon Synthesis”, chapter 3 in “Chemicals from Synthesis 
Gas”, D. Reidel Publishing, Dordrecht, 1983, pp. 64-85.
 
 Shen, G.-C., Ichikawa, M., “Methane hydrogenation and confirmation of CHx 
intermediate species on NaY encapsulated cobalt clusters and Co/SiO2 catalysts: 
EXAFS, FTIR, UV characterization and catalytic performances”, J. Chem. Soc., 
Faraday Trans., 1997, pp. 1185-1193.
 
 Shen, J., Liu, H., Li, X., Hu, Z., Guo, H., Zhang, T., “Study on Fe(1-x)O-Based 
Fused Iron Catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis”, Chinese J. Catal., 25(10), 
2004, pp. 785-788.
 
 Shen, J. G. C., Ichikawa, M., “Intrazeolite Anchoring of Co, Ru, and [Ru-Co] 
Carbonyl Clusters: Synthesis, Characterization, and Their Catalysis for CO 
Hydrogenation”, J. Phys. Chem. B, 102(29), 1998, pp. 5602-5613.
 
 Shen, W.-J., Ichihashi, Y., Ando, H., Matsumura, Y., Okumura, M., Haruta, M., 
“Effect of reduction temperature on structural properties and CO/CO2 
hydrogenation characteristics of a Pd-CeO2 catalyst”, Appl. Catal. A, 217(1-2), 
2001, pp. 231-239.
 
 Shen, W.-J., Okumura, M., Matsumura, Y., Haruta, M., “The influence of the 
support on the activity and selectivity of Pd in CO hydrogenation”, Appl. Catal. 
A, 213(2), 2001, pp. 225-232.
 
 Shen, X., Mishima, K., Nakamura, H., “Two-phase phase distribution in a vertical 
large diameter pipe”, Internat. J. Heat Mass Trans., 48(1), 2005, pp. 211-225.
 
 Shen, Y., Cai, L., Li, J., Wang, S., Huang, K.-H., “The effect of chloride 
complexes on Pd surface structure, dispersion and CO hydrogenation over 
Pd-Mg(II)/SiO2 catalysts”, Catal. Today, 6(1-2), 1989, pp. 47-54.
 
 Shen, Y., Li, J., Cai, U., Huang, K., “Effects of alkaline earth cations on the 
mechanisms of CO hydrogenation over promoted Pd/SiO2 catalysts”, J. Molec. 
Catal., 59(1), 1990, pp. 61-73.
 
 Shen, Y.-F., Huang, K., “New evidence for formate mechanisms of CO hydrogenation 
over PdMg2+/SiO2 catalysts”, Appl. Surf. Sci., 59(3-4), 1992, pp. 187-193.
 
 Shi, B., Davis, B. H., “Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: accounting for chain-length 
related phenomena”, Appl. Catal. A, 277(1-2), 2004, pp. 61-69.
 
 Shi, H.-B., Li, Q., Dai, X.-P., Yu, C.-C., Shen, S.-K., “CeO2-Promotion of 
Co/SiO2 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Catalyst”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, 
pp. 313-318.
 
 Shieh, J. J. C., “Thermal diffusion and segmental motion in binary n-alkane 
systems”, J. Phys. Chem., 73(5), 1969, pp. 1508-1513.
 
 Shieh, J. J. C., Lyons, P. A., “Transport properties of liquid n-alkanes”, J. 
Phys. Chem., 73(1), 1969, pp. 3258-3264.
 
 Shubkin, R. L., Baylerian, M. S., Maler, A. R., “Olefin Oligomer Synthetic 
Lubricants: Structure and Mechanism of Formation”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. 
Dev., 19(1), 1980, pp. 15-19.
 
 Siddall, J. H., “Transient kinetics of methanation over unsupported cobalt”, Ph. 
D. Thesis, Purdue University, Lafayette, 1983.
 
 Sie, S. T., “Acid-catalyzed cracking of paraffinic hydrocarbons. 1. Discussion 
of existing mechanisms and proposal of a new mechanism”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 
31(8), 1992, pp. 1881-1889.
 
 Silva, R. R. C. M., Frety, R., Schmal, M., “Effect of the support on the 
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with Co/Nb2O5 catalyst”, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 
89, 1993, pp. 3975-3980.
 
 Simon, A., Vinke, A., “Vorläufige Mittelung. Über Oberflächen-Veränderungen nach 
Messungen an Eisenkontakten für die Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese unter Mitteldruck 
mittels der BET- und der Benzoladsorptionsmethode nach Kubelka”, J. Praktische 
Chem., 3(5-6), 1956, pp. 306-310.
 
 Simon, M., Mortreux, A., Petit, F., Vanhove, D., Blanchard, M., “Selective 
production of alkenes and alcohols on cobalt catalysts in the liquid phase”, J. 
Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1985, pp. 1179-1181.
 
 Sims, M. J., Winnick, J., “Excess volumes of binary liquid mixtures of 
n-alkanes”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 14(2), 1969, pp. 164-166.
 
 Singh, N., Chatterjee, R. N., Mallik, K. K., Nath, S. K., Ganguli, N. C., 
“Effect of ultrasonic treatment on the sulphate content of Fe2O3 used for the 
preparation of H. T. shift catalyst”, paper 70 in “Challenges in Catalysis 
Science and Technology – Volume II” (S. R. Naidu, B. K. Banerjee, eds.), B. K. 
Banerjee at Allied Traders, New Delhi, 1987, pp. 669-675.
 
 Singleton, A. H., “Advances in gas-to-liquids processing”, in “Gas-to-Liquids 
Processing, March 18-20, 1998, San Antonio, Texas”, Intertech Conferences, 
Portland, ME, 1998, speaker 7.
 
 Singleton, A. H., Oukaci, R., “Enhanced physical properties for F-T catalysts – 
the Williams GasCat story”, in “Gas-to-Liquids Processing ’99 – Bringing clean 
fuels and chemicals to market”, Intertech Conferences, Portland, ME, 1999, 
speaker 10.
 
 Slaa, J. C., van Ommen, J. G., Ross, J. R. H., “The synthesis of higher alcohols 
using modified Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts”, Catal. Today, 15(1), 1992, pp. 129-148.
 
 Slinko, M. G., “Optimum pore structure, shape and size of the catalyst pellets”, 
in “The Porous Structure of Catalysts and Transport Processes in Heterogeneous 
Catalysis” (G. K. Boreskov, ed.), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1972, pp. 43-57.
 
 Smit, B., “Molecular Simulations of Adsorption: from Argon to Long Chain 
Paraffins”, Rev. IFP, 51(1), 1996, pp. 73-79.
 
 Snyder, P. S., Benson, M. S., Huang, H. S., Winnick, J., “PVT 
[pressure-volume-temperature] properties of liquid n-alkane mixtures”, J. Chem. 
Eng. Data, 19(2), 1974, pp. 157-161.
 
 Snyder, R. G., “Chain conformation from the direct calculation of the Raman 
spectra of the liquid n-alkanes C12–C20”, Far. Trans., 1992, pp. 1823-1833.
 
 Snyder, R. G., Goh, M. C., Srivatsavoy, V. J. P., Strauss, H. L., Dorset, D. L., 
“Measurement of the growth kinetics of microdomains in binary n-alkane solid 
solutions by infrared spectroscopy”, J. Phys. Chem., 96(24), 1992, pp. 
10008-10019.
 
 Snyder, R. G., Maroncelli, M., Strauss, H. L., Hallmark, V. M., “Temperature and 
phase behavior of infrared intensities: the poly(methylene) chain”, J. Phys. 
Chem., 90(22), 1986, pp. 5623-5630.
 
 Snyder, R. G., Strauss, H. L., Alamo, R., Mandelkern, L., “Chain-length 
dependence of interlayer interaction in crystalline n-alkanes from Raman 
longitudinal acoustic mode measurements”, J. Chem. Phys., 100(8), 1994, pp. 
5422-5431.
 
 Sobcov, H., “Resolving Normal and Isomeric Paraffins in Complex Hydrocarbon 
Mixtures: A Mass Spectrometric Method”, Anal. Chem., 24(12), 1952, pp. 
1908-1911.
 
 Sofianos, A., “Production of branched-chain hydrocarbons via Isosynthesis”, 
Catal. Today, 15(1), 1992, pp. 149-175.
 
 Solymosi, F., Bansagi, T., “Low reactivity of rhodium clusters produced in the 
presence of carbon monoxide”, J. Phys. Chem., 97(39), 1993, pp. 10133-10138.
 
 Solymosi, F., Erdolhelyi, A., “Methanation of CO2 on supported rhodium 
catalysts”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 7B, 1981, pp. 1448-1449.
 
 Solymosi, F., Erdöhelyi, A., Kocsis, M., “Methanation of CO2 on supported Ru 
catalysts”, J. Chem. Soc. Far. Trans. 1, 1981, pp. 1003-1012.
 
 Solymosi, F., Novak, E., Molnar, A., “Infrared spectroscopic study on carbon 
monoxide-induced structural changes of iridium on an alumina support”, J. Phys. 
Chem., 94(18), 1990, pp. 7250-7255.
 
 Solymosi, F., Pasztor, M., “Infrared study of the effect of hydrogen on carbon 
monoxide-induced structural changes in supported rhodium”, J. Phys. Chem., 
90(21), 1986, pp. 5312-5317.
 
 Song, X., “Sulfated zirconia strong solid acid catalysts and their application 
for the synthesis of branched hydrocarbons from syngas”, Ph. D. Thesis, 
Universite Laval (Canada), 1995.
 
 Soong, Y., Gamwo, I. K., Blackwell, A. G., Mundorf, K. R., Harke, F. W., Schehl, 
R. R., Zarochak, M. F., “Ultrasonic measurement of solids concentration in an 
autoclave reactor at high temperature”, Chem. Eng. J., 67(3), 1997, pp. 175-180.
 
 Sorescu, D. C., Yates, J. T., Jr., “Adsorption of CO on the TiO2(110) Surface: A 
Theoretical Study”, J. Phys. Chem. B, 102(23), 1998, pp. 4556-4565.
 
 Souverijns, W., Martens, J. A., Froment, G. F., Jacobs, P. A., “Hydrocracking of 
Isoheptadecanes on Pt/H-ZSM-22: An Example of Pore Mouth Catalysis”, J. Catal., 
174(2), 1998, pp. 177-184.
 
 Spaulding-Fecher, R., Williams, A., van Horen, C., “Energy and environment in 
South Africa: charting a course to sustainability”, Energy Sustain. Dev., 4(4), 
2000, pp. 8-17.
 
 Spence, J. A., Vahrman, M., “Quasi-quantitative separation of paraffins and 
olefins”, Analyst, 1966, pp. 324-327.
 
 Spencer, M. S., “Equilibrium and kinetic aspects of strong metal-support 
ineraction in Pt-TiO2 and cobalt-doped Cu-ZnO-Al2O3 catalysts”, in “Strong 
Metal-Support Interactions” (R. T. K. Baker, et al., eds.), ACS, Washington, DC, 
1986, pp. 89-98.
 
 Stack, G. M., Mandelkern, L., “On the crystallization of high molecular weight 
normal hydrocarbons”, Macromolecules, 21(2), 1988, pp. 510-514.
 
 Stack, G. M., Mandelkern, L., Kroehnke, C., Wegner, G., “Melting and 
crystallization kinetics of a high molecular weight n-alkane: C192H386”, 
Macromolecules, 22(11), 1989, pp. 4351-4361.
 
 Stanfield, R. M., “Characterization Of Silica Supported Iron-Cobalt Catalysts 
For Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis”, Ph. D. Thesis, Purdue University, 1981.
 
 Stangeland, B. E., “A Kinetic Model for the Prediction of Hydrocracker Yields”, 
Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev., 13(1), 1974, pp. 71-76.
 
 Stangeland, B. E., Kittrell, J. R., “Jet Fuel Selectivity in Hydrocracking”, 
Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev., 11(1), 1972, pp. 15-20.
 
 Stank, J., Mullay, J., “Analysis of wax/oil mixtures using DSC”, Thermochim. 
Acta, 105, 1986, pp. 9-17.
 
 Steijns, M., Froment, G., Jacobs, P., Uytterhaeven, J., Weitkamp, J., 
“Hydroisomerization and hydrocracking. 2. Product distributions from n-decane 
and n-dodecane”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 20(4), 1981, pp. 654-660.
 
 Steinitz, M. O., Kahrizi, M., Genossar, J., Snyder, R. G., “First-order phase 
transitions in the odd n-alkanes C19 and C29”, J. Phys. Chem., 91(12), 1987, pp. 
3433-3435.
 
 Stelmachowski, M., Ledakowicz, S., “Prediction of Henry's constants by the 
UNIFAC-FV model for hydrocarbon gases and vapors in high-boiling hydrocarbon 
solvents”, Fluid Phase Equ., 90(2), 1993, pp. 205-217.
 
 Stern, D., “Experimental and theoretical studies of bubble-column slurry 
reactors used for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of 
California, Berkeley, 1984.
 
 Stevenson, S. A., Raupp, G. B., Dumesic, J. A., Tauster, S. J., Baker, R. T. K., 
“Catalytic Reaction Studies”, Section I, chapter 6, in “Metal-Support 
Interactions in Catalysis, Sintering, and Redispersion” (S. A. Stevenson, et 
al., eds.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, NY, 1987, pp. 55-75.
 
 Steynberg, A. P., Nel, W. U., Desmet, M. A., “Large Scale Production of High 
Value Hydrocarbons Using Fischer-Tropsch Technology”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 
147, 2004, pp. 37-42.
 
 Stokes, R. G., “Assessing the damages: forced techmology transfer and the German 
chemical industry”, in “Technology transfer out of Germany after 1945” (M. Judt, 
B. Ciesla, eds.), Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, 1996, pp. 81-92.
 
 Stokes, R. G., “The rise and precipitous fall of German Grosschemie, 1860-1945”, 
chapter 1 in “Divide and Prosper – The heirs of I. G. Farben under allied 
authority, 1945-1951”, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1988, pp. 3-36.
 
 Stoop, F., “Hydrogenation of carbon monoxide over supported ruthenium-iron and 
related bimetallic catalysts, Thesis, Technical University of Endhoven, 1986.
 
 Stoop, F., Verbiest, A. M. G., Van Der Wiele, K., “The influence of the support 
on the catalytic properties of Ru catalysts in the CO hydrogenation”, Appl. 
Catal., 25, 1986, pp. 51-57.
 
 Storch, H. H., Golumbic, N., Anderson, R. B., “Development of Fischer-Tropsch 
Catalysts”, chapter 3 in “The Fischer-Tropsch and Related Synthesis”, John Wiley 
& Sons, NY, 1951, pp. 114-321.
 
 Storch, H. H., Golumbic, N., Anderson, R. B., “Fischer-Tropsch Process 
Development”, chapter 4 in “The Fischer-Tropsch and Related Synthesis”, John 
Wiley & Sons, NY, 1951, pp. 322-440.
 
 Storch, H. H., Golumbic, N., Anderson, R. B., “Kinetics and Reaction mechanism 
of the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis”, chapter 6 in “The Fischer-Tropsch and Related 
Synthesis”, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1951, pp. 464-593.
 
 Su, C., Li, J., He, D., Cheng, Z., Zhu, Q., “Synthesis of isobutene from 
synthesis gas over nanosize zirconia catalysts”, Appl. Catal. A, 202(1), 2000, 
pp. 81-89.
 
 Sudhakar, C., Bhore, N. A., Bischoff, K. B., Manogue, W. H., Mills, G. A., 
“Molybdena enhanced Rh/Al2O3 catalysts”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 38, 1988, pp. 
115-124.
 
 Sudheimer, G., Gaube, J., “Kinetische und reaktionstechnische Untersuchungen zur 
Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese von 1-Alkenen”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 55(8), 1983, pp. 
644-645.
 
 Suh, I.-S., Deckwer, W.-D., “Heat transfer”, chapter 2 in “Three-phase sparged 
reactors” (K. D. P. Nigam and A. Schumpe, eds.), Gordon and Breach Publishers, 
Amsterdam, 1996, pp. 113-168.
 
 Suh, Y. W., Rhee, H. K., “Optimum Washing Conditions for the Preparation of 
Cu/ZnO/ZrO2 for Methanol Synthesis from CO Hydrogenation: Effects of Residual 
Sodium”, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 19(1), 2002, pp. 17-19.
 
 Suleiman, D., Gurdial, G. S., Eckert, C. A., “An Apparatus for Phase Equilibria 
of Heavy Paraffins in Supercritical Fluids”, AIChE J., 39, 1993, pp. 1257-1260.
 
 Sun, Q., “On the Catalytic Mechanism of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 for COx Hydrogenation”, 
Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 397-402.
 
 Sun, Q., Liu, C.-W., Pan, W., Zhu, Q.-M., Deng, J.-F., “In situ IR studies on 
the mechanism of methanol synthesis over an ultrafine Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst”, 
Appl. Catal. A, 171(2), 1998, pp. 301-308.
 
 Sun, Y., “Chemicals from CO2 via heterogeneous catalysis at moderate 
conditions”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 153, 2004, pp. 9-16.
 
 Suo, Z.-H., Kou, Y., Niu, J.-Z., Zhang, W.-Z., Wang, H.-L., “Characterization of 
TiO2-, ZrO2- and Al2O3-supported iron catalysts as used for CO2 hydrogenation”, 
Appl. Catal. A, 148(2), 1997, pp. 301-313.
 
 Suslick, K. S., Hyeon, T., Fang, M., Cichowlas, A. A., “Sonochemical preparation 
of nanostructured catalysts”, chapter 8 in “Advanced Catalysts and 
Nanostructured Materials – Modern Synthetic methods” (W. R. Moser, ed.), 
Academic Press, San Diego, 1996, pp. 197-212.
 
 Suslick, K. S., Hyeon, T., Fang, M., Cichowlas, A. A., “Sonochemical synthesis 
of nanostructured catalysts”, Mater. Sci. & Eng. A, 204(1-2), 1995, pp. 186-192.
 
 Suvanto, S., Pakkanen, T. A., Backman, L., “Controlled deposition of Co2(CO)8 on 
silica in a fluidized bed reactor: IR, chemisorption and decomposition studies”, 
Appl. Catal. A, 177(1), 1999, pp. 25-36.
 
 Tahara, H., Sawade, Y., Komiyama, D., “The catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide 
and hydrogen under high pressure. II. The influence of high pressure on the iron 
catalyst employed in the synthesis of benzine”, Sci. Papers Inst. Phys. Chem. 
Research (Tokyo), 38, 1941, p. 184.
 
 Takasaki, S., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, K., Tanabe, S., Ueno, A., Kotera, Y., 
“Redispersion of cobalt particles supported on titanium dioxide”, J. Chem. Soc. 
Far. Trans. 1, 1984, pp. 803-811.
 
 Takaya, H., Araki, M., Shin, S., Suzuki, K., Hosoya, T., Ogawa, K., Todo, N., 
“Heat-resistance of nickel-molybdenum carbide catalysts for methanation”, Stud. 
Surf. Sci. Catal., 7B, 1981, pp. 1442-1443.
 
 Takenaka, N., Asano, H., “Quantitative void fraction measurement method by 
neutron radiography and applications to two-phase flow researches”, Exp. Thermal 
Fluid Sci., 29(3), 2005, pp. 393-402.
 
 Tang, Q.-H., Wang, Y., Wang, P., Zhang, Q.-H., Wan, H.-L., “Superior Catalytic 
Activity of Nano-sized Metallic Cobalt inside Faujasite Zeolites for 
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 325-330.
 
 Taniewski, M., “The challenges and recent advances in C1 chemistry and 
technology”, Polish J. Appl. Chem., 48(1/2), 2004, pp. 1-22.
 
 Taniguchi, M., Ishii, Y., Murata, T., Tatsumi, T., Hidai, M., “Preparation of 
Zeolites incorporating Molybdenum Sulfide Dlusters with High C2 Hydrocarbon 
Selectivity in CO-H2 Reactions”, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm., 1995, pp. 
2533-2534.
 
 Taniguchi, S., Mori, T., Mori, Y., Hattori, T., Murakami, Y., “Another strong 
metal–support interaction: high intrinsic methanation activity of an 
alumina-supported platinum catalyst after high temperature reduction without 
loss of chemisorption ability”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1988, pp. 630-631.
 
 Taniguchi, S., Mori, Y., Hattori, T., Murakami, Y., Mori, T., “Activity 
enhancement for the hydrogenation of CO adsorbed on Pt/Al2O3 and Pd/Al2O3 
induced by high-temperature reduction”, J. Chem. Soc. Far. Trans. 1, 1989, pp. 
3135-3143.
 
 Tarca, L. A., Grandjean, B. P. A., Larachi, F., “Feature Selection Methods for 
Multiphase Reactors Data Classification”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44(4), 2005, pp. 
1073-1084.
 
 Tascón, J. M. D., Tejuca, L. G., “Adsorption of CO2 on the perovskite-type oxide 
LaCoO3”, J. Chem. Soc. Far. Trans. 1, 1981, pp. 591-602.
 
 Tatsumi, T., Muramatsu, A., Fukunaga, T., Tominaga, H.-O., “Effects of Mo 
precursors on the activity of alkali-promoted Mo catalysts for alcohol synthesis 
from CO-H2”, Polyhedron, 5(1-2), 1986, pp. 257-260.
 
 Tatsumi, T., Muramatsu, A., Yokota, K., Tominaga, H.-O., “Mechanism of CO 
hydrogenation to alcohols on potassium-promoted Mo/SiO2”, J. Molec. Catal., 
41(3), 1987, pp. 385-389.
 
 Tatsumi, T., Odajima, H., Tominaga, H.-O., “Selective synthesis of ethane from 
CO and H2 catalysed by zeolite-entrapped ruthenium carbonyl clusters”, J. Chem. 
Soc. Chem. Comm., 1985, pp. 207-208.
 
 Tauster, S. J., “Strong Metal-Support interactions: facts and uncertainties”, in 
“Strong Metal-Support Interactions” (R. T. K. Baker, et al., eds.), ACS, 
Washington, DC, 1986, pp. 1-9.
 
 Tauster, S. J., Stevenson, S. A., Dumesic, J. A., Raupp, G. B., Baker, R. T. K., 
“Summary and Conclusions”, Section I, chapter 9, in “Metal-Support Interactions 
in Catalysis, Sintering, and Redispersion” (S. A. Stevenson, et al., eds.), Van 
Nostrand Reinhold, NY, 1987, pp. 121-128.
 
 Taylor, M. G., Kelusky, E. C., Smith, I. C. P., Casal, H. L., Cameron, D. G., “A 
2H NMR study of the solid-phase behavior of nonadecane”, J. Chem. Phy., 78(8), 
1983, pp. 5108-5112.
 
 Taylor, R. J., Petty, R. H., “Selective hydroisomerization of long chain normal 
paraffins”, Appl. Catal. A, 119(1), 1994, pp. 121-138.
 
 Taylor, R. W., Schmalzried, H., “The Free Energy of Formation of Some Titanates, 
Silicates, and Magnesium Aluminate from Measurements Made with Galvanic Cells 
Involving Solid Electrolytes”, J. Phys. Chem., 68(9), 1964, pp. 2444-2449.
 
 Tejuca, L. G., “Temperature programmed desorption study of hydrogen adsorption 
on LaMO3 oxides”, Thermochim. Acta, 126, 1988, pp. 205-212.
 
 Tejuca, L. G., Fierro, J. L. G., “XPS and TPD probe techniques for the study of 
LaNiO3 perovskite oxide”, Thermochim. Acta, 147(2), 1989, pp. 361-375.
 
 Telang, K. S., “Advanced Process Analysis System”, MS Thesis, Louisiana State 
University, Baton Rouge, 1998.
 
 Templin, P. R., “Coefficient of Volume Expansion for Petroleum Waxes and Pure 
n-Paraffins”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 48(1), 1956, pp. 154-161.
 
 Tewari, Y. B., Martire, D. E., Sheridan, J. P., “Gas-liquid partition 
chromatographic determination and theoretical interpretation of activity 
coefficients for hydrocarbon solutes in alkane solvents”, J. Phys. Chem., 
74(11), 1970, pp. 2345-2356.
 
 Therning, P., Rasmuson, A., “LDA measurements of liquid velocities in a 
refractive index matched packed bubble column”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 60(3), 2005, 
pp. 717-726.
 
 Thomas, J. M., Thomas, W. J., “The mechanism of some typical heterogeneous 
catalytic reactions”, chapter 8 in “Introduction to the Principles of 
Heterogeneous Catalysis”, Academic Press, London, 1967, pp. 365-450.
 
 Thompson, L. T., Jr., “Bimetallic sulfide clusters for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis 
and hydrodesulfurization”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 
1986.
 
 Thyrion, F. C., “The pioneering of oil from coal in Germany and the Sasol 
experience”, part I, chapter 1 in “Synthetic Fuels from Coal – Status of the 
Technology” (I. Romey, ed.), Graham & Trotman, London, 1987, pp. 5-19.
 
 Thyrion, F. C., “The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis”, part I, chapter 2 in “Synthetic 
Fuels from Coal – Status of the Technology” (I. Romey, ed.), Graham & Trotman, 
London, 1987, pp. 20-69.
 
 Thyrion, F. C., “The Mobil Process”, part I, chapter 3 in “Synthetic Fuels from 
Coal – Status of the Technology” (I. Romey, ed.), Graham & Trotman, London, 
1987, pp. 70-106.
 
 Thyrion, F. C., “General considerations on syngas-based fuel production”, part 
I, chapter 4 in “Synthetic Fuels from Coal – Status of the Technology” (I. 
Romey, ed.), Graham & Trotman, London, 1987, pp. 107-118.
 
 Tikhov, S. F., Kurkin, V. I., Sadykov, V. A., Slivinsky, E. V., Dyatlova, Y. N., 
Kuzmin, A. E., Bogolepova, E. I., Tsybulya, S. V., Kalinkin, A. V., Fenelonov, 
V. B., “Hydrogenated Zr-Fe Alloys Encapsulated in Al2O3/Al Matrix as Catalysts 
for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 337-342.
 
 Tkadlecova, M., “A Model Of CoO Oxidation”, Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm., 58(12), 
1993, pp. 2853-2866.
 
 Tomishige, K., Fujimoto, K., “Development of Chemical Conversion Technology of 
Natural Gas”, Shokubai, 38, 1996, pp. 611-617.
 
 Tonelli, A. E., “Comments on the Liquid State Conformations of n-Alkanes”, 
Macromolecules, 9(5), 1976, pp. 863-864.
 
 Tordella, J. P., Dunion, P. F., “Isomorphic interactions of ethylenic polymers 
and paraffin wax”, J. Polymer Sci. A-2, 8(1), 1970, pp. 81-87.
 
 Tower, B., “Strategic implications of FT technology on the oil and gas 
industry”, in “Gas-to-Liquids Processing ’99 – Bringing clean fuels and 
chemicals to market”, Intertech Conferences, Portland, ME, 1999, speaker 1.
 
 Trepanier, S. J., McDonald, R., Cowie, M., “Methylene-to-Acetyl Conversion in 
Heterobinuclear Rh/Os Complexes: Models for Oxygenate Formation by Bimetallic 
Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts”, Organometallics, 22, 2003, pp. 2638-2651.
 
 Trevino, H., Lei, G. D., Sachtler, W. M. H., “CO Hydrogenation to Higher 
Oxygenates over Promoted Rhodium: Nature of the Metal-Promoter Interaction in 
Rhmn/NaY”, J. Catal., 154(2), 1995, pp. 245-252.
 
 Trimm, D. L., “The Conversion of Remote Location Natural Gas to Fuels and 
Chemicals”, (Australian) Acad. Tech. Sci. Eng. Focus, 124, Nov/Dec, 2002.
 
 Trimm, D. L., Karal, E. R., “The design and testing of a new range of 
methanation catalysts”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 7A, 1981, pp. 517-528.
 
 Tripathi, P. S. M., Ram, I. C., Jha, S. K., Date, S. K., “Characterization of 
triply promoted iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by Moessbauer spectroscopy”, 
paper 80 in “Challenges in Catalysis Science and Technology – Volume II” (S. R. 
Naidu, B. K. Banerjee, eds.), B. K. Banerjee at Allied Traders, New Delhi, 1987, 
pp. 758-764.
 
 Troner, A., “New energy technologies in the natrual gas sectors: a policy 
framework for Japan. Technology and liquified natural gas: evolution of 
markets”, The center for international political economy and the James A. Baker 
III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, November 2001.
 
 Trovarelli, A., de Leitenburg, C., Dolcetti, G., “CO and CO2 hydrogenation under 
transient conditions over Rh–CeO2: novel positive effects of metal–support 
interaction on catalytic activity and selectivity”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 
1991, pp. 472-473.
 
 Trovarelli, A., Dolcetti, G., de Leitenburg, C., Kaspar, J., “CO2 hydrogenation 
over platinum group metals supported on CeO2: evidence for a transient 
metal-support interaction”, in “New Frontiers in Catalysis – Proceedings of the 
10th International Congress on Catalysis, Budapest, 19-24 July, 1992” (L. Guczi, 
et al., eds.), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1993, Part C, pp. 2781-2784.
 
 Trovarelli, A., Dolcetti, G., de Leitenburg, C., Kaspar, J., Finetti, P., 
Santoni, A., “Rh–CeO2 interaction induced by high-temperature reduction. 
Characterization and catalytic behaviour in transient and continuous 
conditions”, Far. Trans., 1992, pp. 1311-1319.
 
 Trunschke, A., Ewald, H., Gutschick, D., Miessner, H., Skupin, M., Walther, B., 
Bottcher, H.-C., “New bimetallic Rh-Mo and Rh-W clusters as precursors for 
selective heterogeneous CO hydrogenation”, J. Molec. Catal., 56(1-3), 1989, pp. 
95-106.
 
 Trunschke, A., Ewald, H., Miessner, H., Fukuoka, A., Ichikawa, M., Bottcher, 
H.-C., “Bimetallic catalysts derived from heteronuclear clusters; CO 
hydrogenation and olefin hydroformylation on Rh-MoSiO2 catalysts”, Materials 
Chem. & Phys., 29(1-4), 1991, pp. 503-508.
 
 Trunschke, A., Ewald, H., Miessner, H., Marengo, S., Martinengo, S., Pinna, F., 
Zanderighi, L., “CO hydrogenation on Mo-promoted Rh/SiO2 and Rh/ZrO2 derived 
from metal carbonyl clusters”, J. Molec. Catal., 74(1-3), 1992, pp. 365-377.
 
 Tsai, G. J., “Mathematical modeling of three-phase slurry reactors”, Ph. D. 
Thesis, Purdue University, 1986.
 
 Tsonopoulos, C., “Critical constants of normal alkanes from methane to 
polyethylene”, AIChE J., 33(12), 1987, pp. 2080-2083.
 
 Tsutsumi, A., Chen, W., Kim, Y. H., “Classification and Characterization of 
Hydrodynamic and Transport Behaviors of Three-Phase Reactors”, Korean J. Chem. 
Eng., 16(6), 1999, pp.709-720.
 
 Tullo, A. H., “Catalyzing GTL”, C&E News, 81(29), 2003, pp. 18-19.
 
 Turner, M. L., “Normal Alkanes”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 10(3), 1971, 
pp. 238-260.
 
 Turner, M. L., Marsih, N., Mann, B. E., Quyoum, R., Long, H. C., Maitlis, P. M., 
“Investigations by (13)C NMR spectroscopy of ethene-initiated catalytic CO 
hydrogenation”, J Am. Chem. Soc., 124(35), 2002, pp. 10456-10472.
 
 Turner, W. R., Brown, D. S., Harrison, D. V., “Properties of Paraffin Waxes”, 
Ind. Eng. Chem., 47(6), 1955, pp. 1219-1225.
 
 Ucar, S., Karagoz, S., Karayildirim, T., Yanik, J., “Conversion of polymers to 
fuels in a refinery stream”, Polymer Degrad. & Stab., 75(1), 2002, pp. 161-171.
 
 Uchiyama, S., Gates, B. C., “Reactivity of ruthenium carbonyls on metal oxide 
surfaces: effects of the surface acid-base chemistry”, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 
147(1), 1988, pp. 65-70.
 
 Udovic, T. J., Kelley, R. D., Madey, T. E., “The methanation activity of 
W(110)”, Surf. Sci., 150(1), 1985, pp. L71-L76.
 
 Ugo, R., Dossi, C., Psaro, R., “Molecular metal carbonyl clusters and volatile 
organometallic compounds for tailored mono and bimetallic heterogeneous 
catalysts”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 107(1-3), 1996, pp. 13-22.
 
 Underwood, R. P., “Effects of metal-support and metal-promoter interactions on 
rhodium catalysts for carbon monoxide hydrogenation”, Ph. D. Thesis, University 
of California, Berkeley, 1986.
 
 Underwood, R. P., Bell, A. T., “CO hydrogenation over rhodium supported on SiO2, 
La2O3, Nd2O3 and Sm2O3”, Appl. Catal., 21(1), 1986, pp. 157-168.
 
 Underwood, R. P., Bell, A. T., “Influence of particle size on carbon monoxide 
hydrogenation over silica- and lanthana-supported rhodium”, Appl. Catal., 34, 
1987, pp. 289-310.
 
 Uner, D. O., “Interactions of hydrogen with alkali promoted ruthenium/silica 
catalysts: A proton NMR study”, Ph. D. Thesis, Iowa State University, 1994.
 
 Ungar, G., “Structure of rotator phases in n-alkanes”, J. Phys. Chem., 87(4), 
1983, pp. 689-695.
 
 Ungar, G., “From plastic-crystal paraffins to liquid-crystal polyethylene: 
continuity of the mesophase in hydrocarbons”, Macromolecules, 19(5), 1986, pp. 
1317-1324.
 
 Ungar, G., Masic, N., “Order in the rotator phase of n-alkanes”, J. Phys. Chem., 
89(6), 1985, pp. 1036-1042.
 
 Ungar, R. K., “Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation With Zeolite Supported Cobalt 
Catalysts Derived From Cobalt Carbonyls”, Ph. D. Thesis, Queen's University at 
Kingston (Canada), 1987.
 
 Unruh, D., Rohde, M., Schaub, G., “Improving carbon utilization in biomass 
conversion to synthetic hydrocarbons via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis”, Stud. Surf. 
Sci. Catal., 153, 2004, pp. 91-96.
 
 Uram, K. J., “Interactional effects between coadsorbed species on single crystal 
transition metal surfaces”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 1986.
 
 Vaara, T., Vaari, J., Lahtinen, J., “Adsorption of Potassium on Co(0001)”, Surf. 
Sci., 395(1), 1998, pp. 88-97.
 
 Vada, S., Chen, B., Goodwin, J. G., “Isotopic Transient Study of La Promotion of 
Co/Al2O3 for CO Hydrogenation”, J. Catal., 153(2), 1995, pp. 224-231.
 
 Vafaie-Sefti, M., Mousavi-Dehghani, S. A., Bahar, M. M.-Z., “Modification of 
multisolid phase model for prediction of wax precipitation: a new and effective 
solution method”, Fluid Phase Equil., 173(1), 2000, pp. 65-80.
 
 Vaishnava, P. P., Montano, P. A., Yacaman, M. J., “Iron-57 Mossbauer and 
Electron Microscopic Studies of FeCl3-Graphite Intercalated Catalysts for 
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Reaction”, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 47, 1986, p. 187.
 
 van Baten, J. M., Krishna, R., “CFD Modeling of Bubble Column Reactor Including 
the Influence of Gas Contraction”, Chem. Eng. Tech., 27(12), 2004, pp. 
1302-1308.
 
 Van Berg, P. J., Everson, R. C., “Cobalt as an alternative Fischer-Tropsch 
catalyst to iron for the production of middle distillates”, Stud. Surf. Sci. 
Catal., 107, 1997, pp. 207-212.
 
 van den Berg, F. R., “Zirconia supported iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts – 
influence of pressure and potassium on structure and catalytic properties”, 
Thesis, Universiteit Ultrecht, 2001.
 
 Van der Laan, G. P., Beenackers, A. A. C. M., “alpha-olefin readsorption product 
distribution model for the gas-solid Fischer-Tropsch synthesis”, Stud. Surf. 
Sci. Catal., 119, 1998, pp. 179-184.
 
 van der Lee, G., Bastein, A. G. T. M., van den Boogert, J., Schuller, B., Luo, 
H.-Y., Ponec, V., “Manipulation of the selectivity of rhodium by the use of 
supports and promoters”, J. Chem. Soc. Far. Trans. 1, 1987, pp. 2103-2112.
 
 van Doesburg, H., de Jong, W. A., “Transient behaviour of an adiabatic fixed-bed 
methanator-I - Experiments with binary feeds of CO or CO2 in hydrogen”, Chem. 
Eng. Sci., 31(1), 1976, pp. 45-51.
 
 Van Geet, A. L., Adamson, A. W., “Prediction Of Diffusion Coefficients For 
Liquid n-Alkane Mixtures”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 57(7), 1965, pp. 62-66.
 
 Van Geet, A. L., Adamson, A. W., “Diffusion in Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixtures”, J. 
Phys. Chem., 68(2), 1964, pp. 238-246.
 
 Van Meerten, R. Z. C., Habets, H. M. J., Beaumont, A. H. G. M., Coenen, J. W. 
E., “Structural changes of Ni/SiO2 catalysts during methanation of CO/H2”, Stud. 
Surf. Sci. Catal., 7B, 1981, pp. 1440-1441.
 
 Van Opstal, L., Koningsveld, R., Kleintjens, L. A., “Description of partial 
miscibility in chain molecule mixtures”, Macromolecules, 24(1), 1991, pp. 
161-167.
 
 Van Santen, R. A., “Theory of chemisorption of hydrogen on transition metals and 
their alloys”, Surf. Sci., 53(1), 1975, pp. 35-54.
 
 van Santen, R. A., de Koster, A., “Quantum chemistry of CO chemisorption and 
activation”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 64, 1991, pp. 1-36.
 
 Van Speybroeck, V., Vansteenkiste, P., Van Neck, D., Waroquier, M., “Why does 
the uncoupled hindered rotor model work well for the thermodynamics of n 
-alkanes?”, Chem. Phys. Lett., 402(4-6), 2005, pp. 479-484.
 
 van’t Blik, H. F. J., Vriens, P. H. A., Prins, H., “Time dependence of H2 and O2 
chemisorption on Rh-TiO2 catalysts”, in “Strong Metal-Support Interactions” (R. 
T. K. Baker, et al., eds.), ACS, Washington, DC, 1986, pp. 60-75.
 
 Van Wagner, J., Chapman, J. A., Bell, J. A. E., “Screening of Fischer-Tropsch 
catalysts by differential thermal analysis (DTA)”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 38, 
1988, pp. 497-504.
 
 Vanden Bussche, K. M., Neophytides, S. N., Zolotarskii, I. A., Froment, G. F., 
“Modelling and simulation of the reversed flow operation of a fixed-bed reactor 
for methanol synthesis”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 48(19), 1993, pp. 3335-3345.
 
 Vannice, M. A., “The use of metal-support interactions to selectively activate 
carbonyl bonds”, J. Molec. Catal., 59(2), 1990, pp. 165-177.
 
 Vannice, M. A., Chao, Y.-L., Friedman, R. M., “The preparation and use of high 
surface area silicon carbide catalyst supports”, Appl. Catal., 20(1-2), 1986, 
pp. 91-107.
 
 Vannice, M. A., Chou, P., “Heats of adsorption of H2 and CO on a Pd/TiO2 
S.M.S.I.(strong metal–support interaction) catalyst”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. 
Commun., 1984, pp. 1590-1591.
 
 Vannice, M. A., Lam, Y. L., Garten, R. L., “Carbon monoxide hydrogenation over 
well-characterized ruthenium-iron alloys”, chapter 4 in “Hydrocarbon Synthesis 
from Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen” (E. L. Kugler, F. W. Steffgen, eds.), ACS 
Adv. Chem. Ser. 178, 1979, pp. 25-34.
 
 Vannice, M. A., Walker, P. L. Jr., Jung, H.-J., Moreno-Castilla, C., Mahajan, O. 
P., “The catalytic behavior of carbon-supported iron in the CO hydrogenation 
reaction”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 7A, 1981, pp. 460-474.
 
 Vandu, C. O., Koop, K., Krishna, R., “Large Bubble Sizes and Rise Velocities in 
a Bubble Column Slurry Reactor”, Chem. Eng. Tech., 27(11), 2004, pp. 1195-1199.
 
 Vandu, C. O., Koop, K., Krishna, R., “Volumetric mass transfer coefficient in a 
slurry bubble column operating in the heterogeneous flow regime”, Chem. Eng. 
Sci., 59(22-23), 2004, pp. 5417-5423.
 
 Vaska, L., Schreiner, S., Felty, R. A., Yu, J. Y., “Catalytic reduction of 
carbon dioxide to methane and other species via formamide intermediation: 
synthesis and hydrogenation of HC(O)NH2 in the presence of [Ir(Cl)(CO)(Ph3P)2]”, 
J. Molec. Catal., 52(2), 1989, pp. L11-L16.
 
 Vendeuvre, C., Bertoncini, F., Duval, L., Duplan, J.-L., Thiébaut, D., Hennion, 
M.-C., “Comparison of conventional gas chromatography and comprehensive 
two-dimensional gas chromatography for the detailed analysis of petrochemical 
samples”, J. Chromat. A, 1056(1-2), 2004, pp. 155-162.
 
 Venkataraman, V. K., “Natural gas-to-liquids: solution for the next millenium”, 
in “Gas-to-Liquids Processing ’99 – Bringing clean fuels and chemicals to 
market”, Intertech Conferences, Portland, ME, 1999, speaker 16.
 
 Venkataraman, V. K., Guthrie, H. D., Avellanet, R. A., Driscoll, D. J., 
“Overview of U. S. DOE’s natural gas-to-liquid RD&D program and 
commercialization strategy”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 119, 1998, pp. 913-918.
 
 Venter, J. J., Vannice, M. A., “Carbon-supported Fe3(CO)12, Ru3(CO)12 and 
Os3(CO)12: Decomposition rates, CO adsorption properties and CO adsorption 
properties and CO hydrogenation behavior”, J. Molec. Catal., 56(1-3), 1989, pp. 
117-132.
 
 Venter, J. J., Vannice, M. A., “Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform 
spectroscopic investigation of the decomposition of carbon-supported iron 
carbonyl clusters”, J. Phys. Chem., 93(10), 1989, pp. 4158-4167.
 
 Verghese, J., Brkic, D., “Integrating GTL technologies into offshore oil field 
developments – adapting technologies to associated gas applications”, in 
“Gas-to-Liquids Processing ’99 – Bringing clean fuels and chemicals to market”, 
Intertech Conferences, Portland, ME, 1999, speaker 2.
 
 Verkerk, K. A. N., Jaeger, B., Finkeldei, C.-H., Keim, W., “Recent developments 
in isobutanol synthesis from synthesis gas”, Appl. Catal. A, 186(1-2), 1999, pp. 
407-431.
 
 Vermette, R. O., “Worldwide GTL product markets: trends and expectations”, in 
“Gas-to-Liquids Processing ’99 – Bringing clean fuels and chemicals to market”, 
Intertech Conferences, Portland, ME, 1999, speaker 5.
 
 Vietor, R. H. K., “The Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program: Energy Politics in the 
Truman Era”, Bus. Hist. Rev., 54, 1980, pp. 1-34.
 
 Villermaux, J., Falk, L., “Recent Advances in Modelling Micromixing and Chemical 
Reaction”, Rev. IFP, 51(2), 1996, pp. 205-213.
 
 Vishnoi, S. C., Bhagat, S. D., Kapoor, V. B., Chopra, S. K., Krishna, R., 
“Simple gas chromatographic determination of the distribution of normal alkanes 
in the kerosene fraction of petroleum”, Analyst, 1987, pp. 49-52.
 
 Viswanathan, V., Narayanan, S., Vishwanathan, B., “Elucidation of hydrogen and 
carbon monoxide adosrption behaviour on Rh/TiO2 system”, paper 52 in “Challenges 
in Catalysis Science and Technology – Volume II” (S. R. Naidu, B. K. Banerjee, 
eds.), B. K. Banerjee at Allied Traders, New Delhi, 1987, pp. 512-516.
 
 Voge, H. H., Good, G. M., Greensfelder, B. S., “Catalytic Cracking of Pure 
Hydrocarbons”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 38(10), 1946, pp. 1033-1040.
 
 Volkova, G. G., Krieger, T. A., Plyasova, L. M., Zaikovskii, V. A., Yurieva, T. 
M., “Copper-cobalt catalysts for higher alcohol synthesis from syngas”, Stud. 
Surf. Sci. Catal., 107, 1997, pp. 67-72.
 
 Von Meerwall, E., Bruno, K. R., “Pulsed-gradient spin-echo diffusion study of 
polydisperse paraffin mixtures”, J. Magn. Resonance, 62(3), 1985, pp. 417-427.
 
 Wagner, H. L., Hoeve, C. A. J., “Effect of molecular weight on the refractive 
increment of polyethylene and n-alkanes”, J. Polymer Sci. A-2, 9(10), 1971, pp. 
1763-1776.
 
 Wall, L. A., Flynn, J. H., Straus, S., “Rates of molecular vaporization of 
linear alkanes”, J. Phys. Chem., 74(17), 1970, pp. 3237-3242.
 
 Walters, S. E., “Studies In Molten Chloroaluminates; A. Fischer-Tropsch 
Synthesis Using Metallic Dispersions. B. Infrared Spectroelectrochemistry Using 
Attenuated Total Reflectance”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1983.
 
 Wang, C., Xu., L., Wang, Q., “Review of directly producing light olefins via CO 
hydrogenation”, J. Nat. Gas Chem., 12, 2003, pp. 10-16.
 
 Wang, C. J., “Study Of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Over A Silica Supported Iron 
Catalyst Through The Use Of Reactive Scavengers”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of 
Texas, Austin, 1983.
 
 Wang, H.,, Zhao, P., Jiang, B., Liu, W., “A pulse reactor-gas chromatographic 
investigation of the kinetics of catalytic CO hydrogenation”, J. Molec. Catal., 
71(3), 1992, pp. 357-364.
 
 Wang, J., Bindal, A., Leib, T. M., Khinast, J. G., “Analysis of the complex 
nonlinear behavior of reacting bubble flows: steady-state multiplicity”, Chem. 
Eng. Sci., 59(22-23), 2004, pp. 5575-5585.
 
 Wang, J., Oukaci, R., Wender, I., Blackmond, D. G., “Alcohol Synthesis from 
Co/H2 over Co/Cu/ZnO/Al2O3: In-Situ Addition of CH3NO2”, J. Catal., 153(1), 
1995, pp. 100-107.
 
 Wang, T., Ding, Y.-J., Xiong, J.-M., Chen, W.-M., Pan, Z.-D., Lu, Y., Lin, L.-W, 
“Fischer-Tropsch Reaction over Cobalt Catalysts Supported on Zirconia-Modified 
Activated Carbon”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 349-354.
 
 Wang, W., “Hydrocracking and Hydroisomerization of Long Chain Paraffins By 
Anion-Modified Metal Oxides”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 1995.
 
 Wann, G. S., III, “Homogeneous catalysis of carbon monoxide hydrogenation: 
mechanistic aspects of an Ir 4(CO)12 - AlCl3-NaCl system”, Ph. D. Thesis, 
Stanford University, 1983.
 
 Watling, T. C., Gusovius, A. F., Prins, R., “Synthesis of Methanol from CO over 
Ca-Promoted Pt/SiO2”, J. Catal., 188(1), 1999, pp. 233-236.
 
 Waugh, K. C., “Methanol Synthesis”, Catal. Today, 15(1), 1992, pp. 51-75.
 
 Weber, P., Dunlap, H. L., “Solubility of Paraffin Wax in Pure Hydrocarbons”, 
Ind. Eng. Chem., 20(4), 1928, pp. 383-384.
 
 Weibin, F., Ruifeng, L., Jinghong, M., Binbin, F., Jinghui, C., “Synthesis, 
characterization and catalytic properties of MFI-type zeolites prepared in the 
system Na2O-SiO2-Al2O3-H2N(CH2)6NH2-NH4F”, Microporous Materials”, 4(4), 1995, 
pp. 301-307.
 
 Weil, B. H., Lane, J. C., “The Catalytic Synthesis”, Part II in “The Technology 
of the Fischer-Tropsch Process”, Constable & Co., London, 1949, pp. 39-79.
 
 Weil, B. H., Lane, J. C., “Products and By-Products”, Part III in “The 
Technology of the Fischer-Tropsch Process”, Constable & Co., London, 1949, pp. 
81-131.
 
 Weil, B. H., Lane, J. C., “Economics of the Fischer-Tropsch Process in the 
United States”, Part IV in “The Technology of the Fischer-Tropsch Process”, 
Constable & Co., London, 1949, pp. 133-174.
 
 Weisel, M. D., Chen, J. G., Hoffmann, P. M., “Characterization of a CO/H2 
reaction intermediate by FT-IRAS: potassium formate on Ru(001)”, J. Electron 
Spectr. & Related Phen., 54-55, 1990, pp. 787-794.
 
 Weitkamp, J., “Isomerization of long-chain n-alkanes on a Pt/CaY zeolite 
catalyst”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 21(4), 1982, pp. 550-558.
 
 Weitkamp, J., Hedden, K., “Reaktionsablauf beim Hydrocracken von n-Alkanen an 
Edelmetall/Zeolith-Katalysatoren”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 47(12), 1975, pp. 537.
 
 Wencke, K., “Untersuchungen zur katalytischen Methangewinnung aus 
Kohlenmonoxyd-Wasserstoff-Gemischen”, J. Praktische Chem., 6(3-4), 1958, pp. 
204-224.
 
 White, G. A., Roszkowski, T. R., Stanbridge, D. W., “The RMProcess”, ACS Adv. 
Chem. Ser., 146, 1975, pp. 138-148.
 
 Whiting, G. K., “Development of a microreactor system for unsteady-state 
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis”, Ph. D. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and 
State University, Blacksburg, 1985.
 
 Wiberley, J. S., Rather, J. B., Jr., “Determination of Oil in Petroleum Waxes”, 
Anal. Chem., 20(10), 1948, pp. 972-976.
 
 Wigmans, T., Moulijn, J. A., “Activity and mechanism of CO methanation on 
activated carbon-supported nickel”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1980, pp. 
170-171.
 
 Wild, G., Poncin, S., “Hydrodynamics”, chapter 1 in “Three-phase sparged 
reactors” (K. D. P. Nigam and A. Schumpe, eds.), Gordon and Breach Publishers, 
Amsterdam, 1996, pp. 11-112.
 
 Williams, A., Collins, D., “Petroleum - Future Possibilities”, (Australian) 
Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering Symposium, November, 1997.
 
 Wilson, K. G., “Nickel/titania catalysts for carbon monoxide hydrogenation: 
effect of potassium promoters”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder, 
1987.
 
 Wilson, R. E., Wilkin, R. E., “The Solvent-Index of Refraction Method of 
Determining Oil in Wax”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 16(1), 1924, pp. 9-12.
 
 Wisecarver, K. D., “Characterization and modeling of gas-liquid-solid 
fluidized-bed reactors”, Ph. D. Thesis, Ohio State University, Columbus, 1987.
 
 Wohlers, M., Herzog, B., Belz, T., Bauer, A., Braun, T., Schlogl, R., Ruhle, T., 
“Ruthenium C60 compounds: Properties and catalytic potential”, Synthetic Metals, 
77(1-3), 1996, pp. 55-58.
 
 Won, K. W., “Thermodynamic calculation of cloud point temperatures and wax phase 
compositions of refined hydrocarbon mixtures”, Fluid Phase Equ., 53, 1989, pp. 
377-396.
 
 Worrell, G. R., Chapman, R. F., Woinsky, S. G., “Kinetics of Wax Cracking for 
Alpha-Olefin Production”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev., 6(1), 1967, pp. 
89-95.
 
 Xia, J., Jodecke, M., Kamps, A. P.-S., Maurer, G., “Solubility of CO2 in (CH3OH 
+ H2O)”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 49(6), 2004, pp. 1756-1759.
 
 Xia, J., Mao, D., Zhang, B., Chen, Q., Tang, Y., “One-Step Synthesis of Dimethyl 
Ether from Syngas with Fe-Modified Zeolite ZSM-5 as Dehydration Catalyst”, 
Catal. Lett., 98(4), 2004, pp. 235-240.
 
 Xiao, F.-S., Fukuoka, A., Ichikawa, M., Henderson, W., Shriver, D. F., 
“SiO2-supported bimetallic ruthenium cluster-derived catalysts for selectivity 
and activity control in CO hydrogenation toward C1-C5 alcohols”, J. Molec. 
Catal., 74(1-3), 1992, pp. 379-390.
 
 Xiao, F.-S., Ichikawa, M., “Oxide-supported triruthenium ketenylidene clusters 
and their catalytic properties”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 113(3), 1996, pp. 427-444.
 
 Xie, K. C., Lin, J. Y., Li, W. Y., Chang, L. P., Feng, J., Zhao, W., “Formation 
of HCN and NH3 during coal macerals pyrolysis and gasification with CO2”, Fuel, 
84(2/3), 2005, pp. 271-277.
 
 Xu, B.-Q., Sun, K.-Q., Zhu, Q.-M., Sachtler, W. M. H., “Unusual selectivity of 
oxygenate synthesis - Formation of acetic acid from syngas over unpromoted Rh in 
NaY zeolite”, Catal. Today, 63(2-4), 2000, pp. 453-460.
 
 Yakobson, D., “The use of iron-based catalysts for GTL projects”, in 
“Gas-to-Liquids Processing ’99 – Bringing clean fuels and chemicals to market”, 
Intertech Conferences, Portland, ME, 1999, speaker 15.
 
 Yamashita, F., “Effect of Geometrical Parameters of Draft Tubes and Clear Liquid 
Height on Gas Holdup in a Bubble Column for Gas Dispersion into Tubes”, Korean 
J. Chem. Eng., 16(6), 1999, pp. 789-794.
 
 Yan, L., Rong, C., Guoxing, X., Hongli, W., “CO adsorption on TiO-containing Ni 
surfaces: a molecular orbital study by DV-Xα methods”, J. Molec. Catal., 42(3), 
1987, pp. 337-345.
 
 Yan, Q., Liang, Q., Chen, K., Hou, W., “CO hydrogenation over nanometer 
spinel-type Co/Mn complex oxides prepared by sol-gel method”, Appl. Catal. A, 
166(1), 1998, pp. 191-199.
 
 Yan, T. Y., “The promotional effect of water in hydrocracking”, J. Catal., 
25(2), 1972, pp. 204-211.
 
 Yang, C.-H., “The Use Of Composite Ruthenium Catalysts In Fischer-Tropsch 
Synthesis”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 1983.
 
 Yang, C.-H., Massoth, F. E., Oblad, A. G., “Kinetics of CO+H2 reaction over 
Co-Cu-Al2O3”, chapter 5 in “Hydrocarbon Synthesis from Carbon Monoxide and 
Hydrogen” (E. L. Kugler, F. W. Steffgen, eds.), ACS Adv. Chem. Ser. 178, 1979, 
pp. 35-46..
 
 Yang, C.-H., Soong, Y., Biloen, P., “A comparison of nickel- and 
platinum-catalysed methanation, using transient-kinetic methods”, J. Chem. Soc. 
Chem. Commun., 1985, pp. 475-476.
 
 Yang, H., “Ab initio adsorption studies of HCO on Ni(111)”, Surf. Sci., 
343(1-2), 1995, pp. 61-70.
 
 Yaning, C., Yuqin, N., Zhenghua, C., “Synthesis of methanol and isobutanol from 
syngas over ZrO2-based catalysts”, Fuel Proc. Tech., 50(2-3), 1997, pp. 163-170.
 
 Yeganeh-Mehr, J., “Modified Fischer–Tropsch Catalyst Preparation”, Tahghigh, 
Quart. Bull. RIPI, 28, 1997.
 
 Yeh, E. B., “Silica Supported Iron Catalysts For The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: 
Catalyst Characterization And Promoter Effects”, Ph. D. Thesis, Northwestern 
University, 1983.
 
 Yermakov, Y. I., Ryndin, Y. A., Alekseev, O. S., Vassileva, M. N., “Effect of 
strong metal–support interaction in the case of nickel supported on a silica 
surface containing titanium ions”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1984, pp. 
1480-1481.
 
 Yermakov, Y. I., Ryndin, Y. A., Alekseev, O. S., Zaikovskii, V. I., Pashis, A. 
V., “Effects of the interaction of dispersed metal particles with the support in 
catalysts prepared using organometallic compounds. I. Influence of ions of group 
IVb elements on the properties of Pt/SiO2”, Appl. Catal., 26, 1986, pp. 313-326.
 
 Yildiz, M., “Investigation of deactivation conditions of Cobalt/alumina 
catalysts and rejuvenation of Co metal from spent deactivated catalysts”, M. Sc. 
Thesis, Kocaeli University, Turkey, 2002
 
 Yin, H.-M., Ding, Y.-J., Luo, H.-Y., Chen, W.-M., Lin, L.-W., “The Promotion 
Effects of Mn, Li and Fe on the Selectivity for the Synthesis of C2 Oxygenates 
from Syngas on Rhodium Based Catalysts”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 
421-426.
 
 Yin, Y., Datye, A., “Characterization of bubble column slurry phase iron 
Fischer-Tropsch catalysts”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 119, 1998, pp. 209-214.
 
 Yokota, K., Hanakata, Y., Fujimoto, K., “Supercritical phase Fischer-Tropsch 
synthesis reaction”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 61, 1991, pp. 289-296.
 
 Yokoyama, T., Yamazaki, K., Kosugi, N., Kuroda, H., Ichikawa, M., Fukushima, T., 
“Structures of the catalysts derived from Rh–Co bimetallic carbonyls supported 
on γ-Al2O3: study of Rh-K EXAFS”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1984, pp. 
962-963.
 
 You-Sing, Y., Howe, R. F., “Carbon monoxide hydrogenation over molybdenum 
zeolite catalysts”, J. Molec. Catal., 38(3), 1986, pp. 323-326.
 
 Youchang, X., Naasz, B. N., Somorjai, G. A., “Alcohol synthesis from CO and H2 
over molybdenum sulfide. The effect of pressure and promotion by potassium 
carbonate”, Appl. Catal., 27(2), 1986, pp. 233-241.
 
 Young, C. L., “Activity coefficients of solutions of C4-C8 hydrocarbons in 
n-tetracosane and n-dotriacontane”, Trans. Far. Soc., 1968, pp. 1537-1546.
 
 Zagli, A. E., “Adsorption, methanation and sulfur poisoning on nickel and 
ruthenium”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1981.
 
 Zamaraev, K. I., Kochubey, D. I., “An EXAFS study of oxide and suphided 
catalysts”, Nuclear Instr. & Meth. Phys. Res. Sect. A, 282(2-3), 1989, pp. 
563-569.
 
 Zecchina, A., Bordiga, S., Arean, C. O., Platero, E. E., “FTIR study of the 
interaction of Re2(CO)10 with Na-Y zeolite”, J. Molec. Catal., 70(1), 1991, pp. 
43-52.
 
 Zecchina, A., Scarano, D., Reller, A., “Infrared spectra of CO adsorbed on 
prismatic faces of -Fe2O3”, J. Chem. Soc. Far. Trans. 1, 1988, pp. 2327-2333.
 
 Zecchina, A., Spoto, G., Coluccia, S., Guglielminotti, E., “Spectroscopic study 
of the adsorption of carbon monoxide on solid solutions of nickel oxide and 
magnesium oxide. Part 1.—Standard samples”, J. Chem. Soc. Far. Trans. 1, 1984, 
pp. 1875-1889.
 
 Zecchina, A., Spoto, G., Coluccia, S., Guglielminotti, E., “Spectroscopic study 
of the adsorption of carbon monoxide on solutions of nickel oxide and magnesium 
oxide. Part 2. Samples pretreated with hydrogen”, J. Chem. Soc. Far. Trans. 1, 
1984, pp. 1891-1901.
 
 Zecchina, A., Stone, F. S., “Reflectance spectra of CO chemisorbed on MgO, and 
evidence for the formation of cyclic adsorbed species”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. 
Comm., 1974, pp. 582-584.
 
 Zhang, C. J., Hu, P., Lee, M.-H., “A Density Functional Theory Study on the 
Interaction between Chemisorbed CO and S on Rh(111)”, Surf. Sci., 432, 1999, pp. 
305-315.
 
 Zhang, S., “Hydroisomerization of N-hexadecane using metal-promoted 
tungstate-modified zirconia catalysts”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 
2000.
 
 Zhang, S., Zhang, Y., Tierney, J. W., Wender, I., “Hydroisomerization of normal 
hexadecane with platinum-promoted tungstate-modified zirconia catalysts”, Appl. 
Catal. A, 193(1-2), 2000, pp. 155-171.
 
 Zhang, W., Gao, R., Su, G., Yin, Y., “Light olefins formation from syngas over 
ZnO2-ZnO catalysts”, in “New Frontiers in Catalysis – Proceedings of the 10th 
International Congress on Catalysis, Budapest, 19-24 July, 1992” (L. Guczi, et 
al., eds.), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1993, Part C, pp. 2793-2796.
 
 Zhang, W. P., Dorset, D. L., “Phase transformation and structure of 
n-C50H102/n-C60H122 solid solutions formed from the vapor phase”, J. Polymer 
Sci. B, 28(8), 1990, pp. 1223-1232.
 
 Zhang, X., “Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over cobalt catalysts: a study with 
isotopic transient methods”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 1986.
 
 Zhang, X., “Isotopic transient observation of the support effect during CO 
hydrogenation over cobalt catalysts”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 38, 1988, pp. 
81-84.
 
 Zhao, H.-X., Chen, J.-G., Sun, Y.-H., “Effect of Impregnation pH on the 
Catalytic Performance of Co/ZrO2 Catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis”, Stud. 
Surf. Sci. Catal., 147, 2004, pp. 355-360.
 
 Zhao, R., “Attrition resistance study of spray dried iron Fischer-Tropsch 
catalysts”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 2000.
 
 Zhao, T.-S., Chang, J., Yoneyama, Y., Tsubaki, N., “Selective Synthesis of 
Middle Isoparaffins via a Two-Stage Fischer-Tropsch Reaction: Activity 
Investigation for a Hybrid Catalyst”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44(4), 2005, pp. 
769-775.
 
 Zherdeva, L. G., Karzhev, V. I., Sil'chenko, Ye. I., Detusheva, E. P., 
Robozheva, Ye. V., Sidlyaronok, F. G., Lebedeva, N. M., “The isomerization of 
the hydrocarbons of paraffin wax”, Petrol. Chem. USSR, 1(4), 1962, pp. 539-549.
 
 Zhou, L. X., Yang, M., Fan, L.-S., “A second-order moment three-phase turbulence 
model for simulating gas-liquid-solid flows”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 60(3), 2005, pp. 
647-653.
 
 Zielinski, J., “Morphology of coprecipitated nickel/alumina catalysts with low 
alumina content”, App. Catal. A, 94(2), 1993, pp. 107-115.
 
 Zisman, W. A., “Historical review, lubricants and lubrication”, chapter 2 in 
“Synthetic Lubricants” (R. C. Gunderson, A. W. Hart, eds.), Reinhold Publishing, 
NY, 1962, pp. 6-60.
 
 Zocher, H., Machado, R. D., “Observations on the solidification of paraffin”, 
Acta Cryst., 12(2), 1959, pp. 122-125.
 
 Zuckerman, E. B., “Metal carbonyl-derived ruthenium/ZSM-5 and iron/ZSM-5 
bifunctional catalysts for carbon monoxide hydrogenation”, Ph. D. Thesis, 
Virginia Commonwealth University, 1990.
 
 Zuckerman, E. B., Nelson, G. A., “ZSM-5 supported Fe and Ru from Fe3(CO)12: 
structural-activity correlations for synthesis gas conversion”, ACS Div. Fuel 
Chem. Prepr., 31(3), 1986, pp. 59-65.
 
 zum Gedächtnis, F. M., “Zur Entwicklung der Fischer Tropsch-Synthese in 
Deutschland”, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 24(4), 1952, pp. 181-183.
 
 Zurita, M. J. P., Vitale, G., De Goldwasser, M. R., Rojas, D., Garcia, J. J., 
“Fe-pillared clays: A combination of zeolite shape selectivity and iron activity 
in the CO hydrogenation reaction”, J. Molec. Catal. A, 107(1-3), 1996, pp. 
175-183.
 
 |