Study of Ebullated Bed Fluid Dynamics, Final Progress Report, September 1980 - July 1983

Study of Ebullated Bed Fluid Dynamics.
Final Progress Report, September 1980 - July 1983 - 1983

		Abstract
Section 1 1459kb	I	Introduction		4
	II	Objectives and Scope of Present Work		6
		Task 1: Model Validation		6
		Task 2: Bubble Dynamics Studies		6
		Task 3: Gas/Liquid Mixing		7
			Gas Mixing	7
			Liquid Mixing	7
			Catalyst Mixing	7
		Task 4: Model Implementation		7
	III	Amoco Cold-Flow Experiments: Bed Expansion and Phase Holdups		7
		Equipment and Procedures		8
		Experimental Conditions and Data Collection		9
		Data Analysis and Results		9
			Phase Holdup and Other Hydrodynamic Parameters	9
			Catalyst Bed Expansion	11
	IV	Amoco Cold-Flow Experiments: Radial Uniformity of Phase Holdups		12
		Review of Prior Work		12
		Equipment and Procedure		13
		Experimental Conditions and Data Collection		13
		Data Analysis		14
		Results and Discussion		14
	V	Amoco Cold-Flow Experiments: Axial Slurry Dispersion		15
		Background		15
		Review of Liquid Dispersion in Multi-Phase Fluidization		16
			Gas/Liquid Systems	16
			Gas/Slurry Systems	17
			Gas/Slurry/Solid System	18
			Reacting Systems	18
		Tracer Selection		19
		Bench-Scale Experiments and Results		20
			Du Pont Stadis-450	20
			Mobay Blue ZV Dye	21
			Thiophene	21
		Pilot Plant Testing of Thiophene as a Tracer		21
		Equipment		22
		Pilot Plant Results and Discussion		23
			Data Collection	23
			Data Analysis	24
			Conclusions	26
Section 2 1533kb	VI	Bubble Dynamics		26
		Experimental System		27
			Description of the Apparatus	27
			Fluids and Solids	28
		Bed Expansion and Pressure-Drop Measurements		28
			Bed Expansion Measurements	28
			Pressure-Drop Measurements	28
		Light Beam Probe and Bubble Breakup Model		29
			Description of the Light Beam Probe	29
			Results of the Light Beam Technique	29
			Equilibrium Bubble Size Model	29
			Bubble Breakup and the Critical Particle Size	30
		Holography		30
			Description of Holographic Technique	30
			Holographic Analysis System	31
			Results	31
		Resistivity Probe		31
		Summary		32
		Recommendations		32
	VII	Hydrocarbon Research, Incorporated, PDU Experiments		33
		Samples and Data Collection		33
			PDU Operating Conditions	33
			Liquid Samples	33
			PDU Reactor Effluent Composition	33
			Catalyst Samples	33
			Gamma-Ray Scan	34
		Density and Viscosity of PDU Reactor Liquid Slurry Samples		35
		Data Transformations		37
			Gas Velocity	37
			Slurry Velocity	37
		Catalyst Bed Expansions		38
		Phase Volume Fractions		39
			Mass Absorption Coefficients for the PDU Fluid Dynamics Tests	40
			Volume Fractions	40
		Discussion		41
		Comparison with Cold-Flow Pilot Plant Tests		42
	VIII	Mathematical Model		43
		Review of the Bhatia-Epstein Model		44
		Model Parameters		45
		Cold-Flow Tests		46
		Application to HRI PDU-10 Tests		48
		Comparison of PDU and Cold-Flow Pilot Plant Model Results		50
Section 3 403kb	IX	Model Applications		50
	X	Conclusions		51
	Acknowledgements			52
	References			53
	Nomenclature			58
	Tables 1096kb			60-113
	Figures 1595kb			114-206
	Appendix A: Catalyst Bed Expansions and Phase Holdups for Runs 218-224			207
	Appendix B: Liquid Dispersion Data Analysis			235
	Appendix C: Viscosity and Density of H-Coal PDU Liquid Slurry Samples: Battelle Institute Final Report			245
	Appendix D: Viscosity and Density of H-Coal PDU Liquid Slurry Samples: Oak Ridge National Laboratories Final Report			258
	Appendix E: Calculation: Force to Suspend a Catalyst Particle			280
	Appendix F: I/IO Data For PDU-10 Fluid Dynamic Tests			284
	Appendix G: Prediction of Richardson-Zaki Parameters For PDU Experimental Modeling			301